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591 articles for “Particles”
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Extracellular Vesicle-Based Liquid Biopsies: Decoding the Tumor Microenvironment for Precision Oncology
Abstract: The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic response. Decoding the TME is, therefore, essential for advancing precision oncology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are nanoscale lipid bilayer particles secreted by tumor and stromal cells. They transport a wide range of bioactive molecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, which reflect the dynamic state of the TME. Recent advances in …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 43–62 Read article
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Monitoring The Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria in Crude Oil Remediation Using Bio-Stimulant of Mint Leaf (Mentha Piperita)
Abstract: Conceptual monitoring of hydrocarbon utilization bacteria on crude oil remediation using bio-stimulant of mint leaf (Mentha piperita) was investigated. The bio-stimulant nutrient was determined by considering the available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria presence in both room and sun-dried samples of the remediant used. The mint leaf (Mentha piperita) was processed to obtain the powder form (nano particle size) of the bio-stimulant and the microbes isolated and identified …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 35–40 Read article
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Non-Destructive Examination Protocols in API 650 for Welded Storage Tank Fabrication: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: The storage tanks play vital roles in industrial sectors, including oil and gas, manufacturing, and chemical processing by enabling safe containment of liquids and gases during key operations like production, treatment, refining, transport/distribution, and inventory control. API 650 standard is a worldwide recognized specification that covers the design and manufacturing criteria for large, welded steel storage tanks. API 650 ensures that tanks are built to withstand internal pressures and environmental …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 29–60 Read article
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Grey Water Recycling
Abstract: Domestic grey water recycling and reuse in residential buildings have been comprehensively examined. It is estimated that recoverable grey water can account for approximately 35% to 40% of total household water demand, highlighting its substantial potential to reduce freshwater consumption in domestic settings. A comprehensive worldwide review of grey water recycling and reuse practices has been reported, highlighting the increasing importance of sustainable water management in both developed and developing …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 69–77 Read article
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Effect of Thermal Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA5083 Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Abstract: A commercial AA5083 with an initial grain size of 210 μm was given an ultrafine-grained structure using the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) technique under die design as patented. The identical sample underwent two successful passes through the die at 473 K, with each passage causing the sample to rotate 90° along its own longitudinal axis. After just one pressing, the microstructure was comparatively homogeneous. It was made up of …
Published in Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 49–64 Read article
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Recent Trends in Fluid Mechanics with Emphasis on Aeroacoustics and Flow-Induced Noise Control
Abstract: Fluid mechanics continues to evolve rapidly due to increasing demands in aerospace, automotive, energy, and environmental engineering applications. Recent trends in this field highlight significant advancements in both theoretical understanding and practical implementations, particularly in complex flow phenomena. Among these, aeroacoustics and flow-induced noise control have emerged as critical research areas due to their direct impact on system performance, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Aeroacoustics deals with the generation, propagation, and …
Published in Recent Trends in Fluid Mechanics · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 32–38 Read article
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Formulation Challenges in Long-acting Injectable Small Molecules: Emerging Strategies and Perspectives
Abstract: Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations represent a transformative approach in pharmacotherapy, particularly for conditions demanding sustained drug exposure over weeks to months. Although biologics have dominated this space historically, the adaptation of LAI technology to small molecules presents a distinct and complex set of challenges rooted in physicochemical properties, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory expectations. This review systematically addresses the principal formulation barriers encountered in developing LAI small-molecule products, including aqueous solubility …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 15–26 Read article
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In Silico Screening and Molecular Docking of Cynodon dactylon phytochemicals against COPD-Associated Proteins
Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD is a pulmonary disease that obstructs airways and alveoli accompanied by respiratory issues like emphysema and bronchitis. This disease is caused mainly by inflammatory responses of the body to foreign particles that enter the respiratory path including tobacco smoke, air pollutants and irritants. The hallmark of COPD is excessive inflammation caused by imbalance in protease anti-protease activity. Proteases like elastase breakdown the ECM of …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Investigating the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of AA 7074 Composites with Silicon Nitride Reinforcement
Abstract: This study investigates the mechanical and microstructural properties of AA 7074 aluminium alloy reinforced with 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight of silicon nitride (Si₃N₄), fabricated via the stir casting method, intended for structural aerospace applications. A thorough series of mechanical tests—comprising tensile, compression, hardness, impact, flexural, and wear tests—was performed to assess the influence of differing reinforcing content. The composite containing 5 wt% Si₃N₄ (SN5) demonstrated the most pronounced …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 268–281 Read article
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Polymeric Micelles for Medicinal Plant Solubilization and Delivery of Bioactive Compounds
Abstract: This study involved the design, fabrication, and characterization of polymeric micellar nanocomposites utilizing amphiphilic block copolymers to effectively encapsulate and transport hydrophobic phytoconstituents. The selected bioactive molecule is curcumin, a polyphenol with limited water solubility. A polymeric system known as PEG-PCL was utilized to fabricate core-shell nanostructures by a solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly method. The resulting nanocomposites exhibited homogeneity and colloidal stability, characterized by a zeta potential of −18.7 ± 1.4 …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 208–219 Read article
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Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Hybrid Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites using Ferromagnetic and Graphite Fillers
Abstract: The past few years have seen a lot of interest in the creation of hybrid natural fiber composites because of their lightweight properties, environmental friendliness and their potential use in structures. The hybrid composite laminates in the current study were produced by the hand lay-up process by blending the natural fibers with the functional filler materials. Three types of composite structures were created and these are Natural Composite Material (NCM), …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 498–511 Read article
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Iron Ore Beneficiation through Reverse Flotation: Advances in Nanobubble-Assisted Flotation Technology for Lean Grade Ore Upgradation and Silica Removal: A Review
Abstract: The global demand for high-grade iron ore concentrates continues to surge as readily available rich ores become depleted. Iron ore beneficiation through froth flotation has emerged as a critical technology for upgrading lean-grade iron ores (typically 25–35% Fe) to produce high-quality concentrates (64–70% Fe) suitable for direct reduction and blast furnace operations. This comprehensive review examines the fundamental principles of flotation in iron ore beneficiation, with particular emphasis on the …
Published in International Journal of Minerals · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–30 Read article
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Multi-Objective Optimization of Polymer-Based Functionally Graded Composites for Lightweight Structures
Abstract: Functionally graded composites (FGCs) improve lightweight structural performance by allowing material properties to change smoothly across a component. Polymer-based FGCs (P-FGCs), in particular, are gaining prominence in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio, tunability, and ease of processing. However, optimizing these materials for lightweight structural applications requires addressing conflicting design objectives, such as maximizing stiffness while minimizing weight or enhancing thermal resistance while maintaining manufacturability. …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 961–973 Read article
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pH-Responsive Smart Polymer Nanocomposites for Anti-Corrosive Coatings
Abstract: Metallic corrosion under adverse marine and industrial conditions imposes gigantic financial burdens and risks worldwide. Conventional waterproofing waterborne epoxy has passive barrier protection, but is also inherently microporous, lacking intrinsic repair ability against mechanical damage and thus rapidly decays. This is a critical gap that this work tries to bridge by designing a new pH-responsive hybrid polymer nanocomposite by using polyethyleneimine-tannic acid-cerium functionalized boron nitrate nanosheets with chitosan-capped mesoporous silica …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 201–213 Read article
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Synergistic Effects of Hybridized Nano-Silica and Hemp Fiber Reinforcement on Bio-Epoxy Composites
Abstract: Natural fiber-reinforced bio-epoxy composites have become promising sustainable alternatives to conventional synthetic-fiber petroleum-based materials, but are often limited by low fiber-matrix interfacial bonding, low thermal stability, and high moisture absorption which limit their application in structural applications. These issues are discussed in this work, by carrying out a systematic investigation of the synergistic effects of the hybridization of nano-silica particles with alkali-treated hemp fibers in a bio-epoxy matrix the composites …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 214–228 Read article
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Formulation and Evaluation of a Polyherbal Lip Scrub Containing Beetroot, Licorice, and Aloe Vera
Abstract: The current research is aimed at developing and assessing a polyherbal lip scrub which contains beetroot extract, licorice extract and aloe vera gel to enhance better exfoliation, nutritional and depigmentation. The fusion method was applied to the herbal extract formulations by varying systematically the concentration of the herbal extracts to develop the 4 formulations (F1-F4) each of 15 g. These prepared formulations were tested on their important physicochemical and functional …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 47–55 Read article
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Semiconducting Materials for Emerging Electronics and Technological Applications
Abstract: Semiconducting materials are important for emerging electronic and photovoltaic technologies because their structural, optical and electrical properties can be tailored for specific device applications. In this study, a TiO₂-based composite photoanode is considered as a polymer-assisted semiconducting thin-film system in which inorganic TiO₂ nanoparticles are processed with organic film-forming components to produce a porous layer for dye-sensitised solar cell application. Nanocrystalline TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesised from titanium isopropoxide using a …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 36–50 Read article
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Gravitational Wave Astronomy (2015–2026): From Historic Discoveries to Quantum Detection Frontiers
Abstract: Since the landmark detection of GW150914 by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration in 2015, gravitational wave (GW) astronomy has transitioned from a theoretical frontier to a robust observational science. This breakthrough confirmed a major prediction of General Relativity and inaugurated an entirely new method for observing the universe. Over the past decade, continuous upgrades to ground-based interferometers such as LIGO, Virgo Collaboration, and KAGRA have dramatically improved detector sensitivity, enabling the …
Published in International Journal of Universe · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Design and Evaluation of Thermo-Responsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Polymeric Nanoparticles for Temperature-Triggered Intratumoral Release of Doxorubicin in Solid Tumors
Abstract: Thermo-responsive polymeric systems have emerged as promising platforms for targeted intratumoral drug delivery in cancer therapy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based polymeric nanoparticles as intelligent carriers for temperature-responsive delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to solid tumors. Nanoparticles were synthesized via free radical polymerization using N-isopropylacrylamide as a thermoresponsive monomer and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker, forming a stable network with a tunable lower critical solution temperature (LCST).The optimized …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 159–168 Read article
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Polymeric Materials in the Anthropocene: Environmental Accumulation, Human Health Concerns, and Cultural Response
Abstract: Polymers made via conventional techniques are very useful because of their strength, adaptability, and cheap. Plastics are not degradable naturally, which creates lots of environmental issues. As plastic products degrade over time, they decompose into microplastics which enter the environment. These microscopic particles called microplastics have been identified in agricultural soils, freshwater and marine environments, and atmospheric dust, enabling their continuous movement through ecosystems and food webs. Recent research shows …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 1016–1034 Read article