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66 articles for “water hardness”
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Hybrid Polymer Composites Reinforced with Coconut Shell Fillers and Silica Fume: Synergistic Effects of Industrial By-Products : A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: The increasing requirement of sustainable and high-performance engineering materials has led to increased research in hybrid polymer composites comprising sustainable fillers in the form of renewable biomass or industrial by-products. Among the various bio-fillers that exist, coconut shell filler is gaining much prominence due to its low density, high content of lignin, hardness, and abundance as agricultural waste. Another industrial by-product that is rich in amorphous silica and possesses high …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 Read article
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Effect of Water Absorption on the Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Reinforced Polymer Composite
Abstract: Natural fibres are progressively picking up attention as their applications are diversified into multiple industries which includes the automotive industry where lightweight materials are of utmost importance. The demand for natural fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites was nevermore as predominant as it is today. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres are natural fibres and contribute to an eco-friendlier substitute when compared to synthetic fibres. These fibres are obtainable in …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 11–26 Read article
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Heat Treatment Research Studies of EN9 Carbon Steel by Quenching Operation in Different Quenching Media
Abstract: In this experimental research, EN9 type of steels is selected to process the heat treatment by quenching to increase the hardenability of a material. EN9 steel is cut into small work samples with diameter 25mm and length 15mm to analyze. Then they are polished the cut surface in a fine manner. Microstructure and hardness are to be found for EN9 work pieces before heat treatment at different locations like at …
Published in International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Systems Analysis · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 1–25 Read article
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Development of Eco-friendly Glass Fiber Composites Embedded with Paddy Stubble for Sustainable Applications and Its Metallurgical Characterization
Abstract: The extreme rise in environmental challenges owing to agricultural activities, among which paddy stubble burning remains a huge concern. Burning about 15 million tons of paddy stubble leads to emissions discharge of various toxic pollutants and gases notably, nitrogen oxides, methane and carbon monoxide in large scale causing global air pollution and climate change. The study focuses on obtaining and preparing a paddy stubble powder and using it with glass …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 640–648 Read article
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The Green Cost of Generative Ai: Environmental Sustainability Implications of Large-Scale Ai Systems
Abstract: Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has advanced rapidly in scale and complexity, enabling powerful capabilities in automated content creation, multimodal reasoning and real-time decision support across sectors. While these systems offer significant technological and economic benefits, their environmental implications are not fully examined. Large-scale GenAI models rely on high-performance computing infrastructure that consumes substantial energy and resources throughout their lifecycle, raising critical sustainability concerns. This paper offers a sustainability-oriented assessment of …
Published in International Journal of Sustainability · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 12–20 Read article
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Polymer Chemistry Perspectives: Applying the Water Quality Index (WQI) for Groundwater Quality Assessment
Abstract: Through the utilization of polymers' special qualities, such as their capacity to concentrate analytes and their affinity for particular pollutants, we establish a strong framework for assessing groundwater quality. A more thorough understanding of groundwater contamination is made possible by the integration of polymer-based techniques with the WQI, empowering stakeholders to decide on remediation and water resource management strategies with knowledge. The quality of groundwater, especially shallow groundwater, is being …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 119–124 Read article
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Groundwater Quality Analysis of various Physicochemical Parameter
Abstract: The quality of groundwater is a critical concern for sustainable water resource management. Groundwater serves as an essential resource for a multitude of purposes, encompassing the provision of potable water and the sustenance of agricultural irrigation systems. However, it is susceptible to contamination from anthropogenic and natural sources. The objective of this research is to assess the spatial distribution and quality of groundwater parameters in Umred Taluka to provide valuable …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Development of Solar-Powered Automated Floating Type Oil Skimmer
Abstract: Solar-powered automatic floating oil skimmer oil spills are one of the most pressing environmental issues because they cause significant damage to marine environments. The development of a solar- powered automated floating oil skimmer offers an efficient and sustainable solution for oil spill removal. Powered primarily by solar energy, the system operates continuously without reliance on external power sources, making it ideal for remote or offshore locations. Its automated design reduces …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 29–35 Read article
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Characterization and Fabrication of Particle Board from Banana Fiber and Sawdust as A Hybrid Composite
Abstract: The current global landscape emphasizes the search for eco-friendly and regenerative materials. Utilizing environmentally available fibers in conjunction with polymeric resins through efficient manufacturing processes offers a cost-effective solution with high-quality standards. Polymer matrix composites with fiber reinforcements possess several advantages, including low production costs, ease of fabrication, and improved material properties, making them applicable in a wide range of industrial contexts. This paper emphasizes the creation of Particle boards …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 192–200 Read article
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Utilization of Treated Textile Dyeing Wastewater and GGBFS–Perlite Blends for Sustainable Cementitious Composite Development
Abstract: The increasing global demand for concrete critically intensifies the consumption of potable water, raising significant environmental concerns and depleting vital resources. Concurrently, the textile dyeing industry generates substantial volumes of wastewater, posing considerable disposal and pollution challenges. Our investigation explores a dual solution by utilizing treated textile dyeing wastewater as an alternative mixing water source, combined with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and perlite as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 291–300 Read article
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IoT-Based Manhole Detection and Monitoring System
Abstract: Urban drainage systems face numerous challenges, including blockages, harmful gas accumulation, and flooding, which pose risks to public safety and environmental health. This project introduces an IoT-enabled solution designed to monitor and address these issues efficiently. The system incorporates sensors to detect critical parameters such as gas levels, temperature, water presence, and nearby obstacles. A unique lifting mechanism ensures the hardware adapts to challenging conditions, maintaining uninterrupted operation. The system …
Published in Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS · Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Assessment of Water Quality Deterioration in Sacred Ponds of Varanasi: Impact of Urbanization, and Pollution
Abstract: Water scarcity, pollution, political unrest, and population growth have made it imperative to manage water resources, including surface water, responsibly in the twenty-first century. The ponds deteriorate due to development, urbanization, and the burden of many polluting sources. Varanasi had roughly 110 pounds and kunds in the 1980s; today, there are only 56. The physical and chemical quality parameters of five significant sacred ponds that have existed in Varanasi from …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 30–37 Read article
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Water Quality Testing of Yamuna River at Poiya Ghat (Vaikunth Dham/Swarg Dham), Agra: A Systems Study
Abstract: Since pre-historic times, river water has been used as a source of drinking water. River water is now a source of hydropower generation, irrigation, aquaculture, navigation, transportation, socioeconomic activities, human settlements and home for aquatic living forms. Apart from this, river water has very vital role in maintaining soil fertility, wildlife conservation and development of forest resources. Due to increase in industrialization, urbanization, mining, sewage disposal and rampant use of …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 01–03 Read article
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Physico-Chemical Assessment of River Benue to Determine Pollution Levels Using Chemometric Models.
Abstract: The effects of pollution on water have been reviewed. This study is aimed at determining the level of pollution of the River Benue, with the view of assessing its use as potable water. Different analytical techniques including titrimetry, gravimetry, potentiometry, and spectrophotometry were used for the study. The total hardness gave (22.28 mg/L and 41.87 mg/L) for dry and rainy season respectively. Electrical conductivity gave (91.35 mg/L and 54.10 mg/L) …
Published in International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 43–76 Read article
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Study of Groundwater Quality in Shallow Tubewells of Bhubaneswar City Using WQI Method
Abstract: Shallow groundwater is extremely vulnerable owing to overexploitation, anthropogenic activities, and environmental effects. Declining quality of groundwater poses an enormous risk for human health and the entire ecosystem. Nearly 50 per cent urban water supply is contributed by groundwater in Indian cities. Since Bhubaneswar shares a similar scenario where 34 out of 67 wards are partially covered with municipal water supply and the residents of these areas are largely dependent …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 559–574 Read article
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Development of Robot Arm Fingers with Polymer Soft Materials
Abstract: Lightweight soft material applications have attracted attention to Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) laminates because of their impressive mechanical characteristics. The impact response and stress-strain behavior of epoxy resin laminates armored with basalt fiber and banana fiber are investigated during this project using computational and experimental approaches. The hand lay-up method was employed to create laminates with a thickness of 3 mm, dimensions of 300x300 mm², and a layout of …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 432–439 Read article
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E-glass Fiber Epoxy Composites: Role of Al2O3/SiC Fillers in Physical, Flammability and Mechanical Characteristics
Abstract: This study investigates the effects of varying weight percentages of Silicon Carbide and Alumina particles in epoxy-based composites, fabricated through compression molding, on their physical and mechanical properties. Comparing different studies on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, as well as glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites, especially with the reinforcement of nanoparticles such as silicon carbide (SiC), alumina (Al2O3) and graphene. The investigations cover fabrication methods, like vacuum infusion and compression …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 238–250 Read article
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Integrated Spatial and Statistical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Rupbas Tehsil of Bharatpur, Rajasthan: A WQI-based Approach
Abstract: This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality in Rupbas Tehsil of Bharatpur District, Rajasthan, through the application of the Water Quality Index (WQI) and hydrogeochemical techniques. A total of 32 groundwater samples, 16 collected during the pre-monsoon and 16 during the post-monsoon seasons, were analyzed for key physicochemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), total hardness (TH), total …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 84–93 Read article
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Farmer’s Eye: A Sustainable Crop-Field Monitoring System
Abstract: This paper outlines the creation and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-driven smart agriculture monitoring system. It aims to tackle major issues in agriculture, such as inefficient irrigation, excessive resource use, and a lack of real-time data. The system focuses on the Arduino Uno, which connects to a variety of sensors: soil moisture for measuring substrate conditions, DHT11 for monitoring ambient temperature and humidity, MQ135 for checking air quality, …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 19–27 Read article
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Durability Assessment of Geopolymer and OPC Concretes under Chloride and Sulphate Chemical Attack
Abstract: The main problems with durable concrete constructions are attacks by sulphates and chlorides on concrete. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate how the strength properties of concrete are affected by the incorporation of fly ash when exposed to environmental conditions involving sulphate and chloride solutions. In this research, geopolymer concrete (GPC) is utilized as a replacement for conventional ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The concrete composition is prepared …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 5, 2025 · pp. 202–218 Read article