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81 articles for “resistance mechanisms”
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Innovations in Tuberculosis Management: Advancements in Drug-Resistant TB Treatment and Rapid Diagnostics
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide, exacerbated by the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant strains, such as multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Despite advancements in first-line and second-line treatments, resistance to conventional antibiotics has complicated therapeutic strategies, necessitating novel approaches. This mini review explores emerging advancements in TB treatment, including gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR, which offer potential for precise targeting of drug-resistant bacterial …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Effect of Nanoclay Loading on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites
Abstract: The effects of multilayer silicate loading on hardness, tensile, and impact properties were examined by developing epoxy–nanoclay composites with 0–5 wt% nanoclay. A desirable compromise between reduced void content and higher Shore D hardness was reached with an ideal nanoclay loading of 3 wt%, which reflected improved load transfer and increased matrix stiffness as a result of limited polymer chain mobility. Tensile strength and modulus rose up to 3 wt% …
Published in International Journal of Advance in Molecular Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 36–45 Read article
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Influence of Antibiotic Promotion Practices on Pharmacovigilance and Resistance Reporting Patterns
Abstract: The global escalation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical public health crisis, undermining decades of therapeutic advancements. While inappropriate prescribing and misuse of antibiotics are widely acknowledged contributors, the role of pharmaceutical promotion practices remains underexplored in influencing prescribing behaviors and downstream pharmacovigilance systems. This review critically examines how antibiotic promotion strategies – ranging from direct physician engagement to digital marketing – affect adverse drug reaction (ADR) …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Enhancing Cyber Security in the Banking Sector Using Biometrics
Abstract: The fast-paced digital evolution within the banking industry has led to a substantial rise in the number of financial transactions conducted through online and mobile platforms. While this transformation has improved customer convenience and service accessibility, it has also exposed banking systems to a wide range of cyber threats, such as identity theft, phishing attacks, credential compromise, and financial fraud. Conventional authentication mechanisms, including passwords and personal identification numbers (PINs), …
Published in International Journal of Wireless Security and Networks · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 15–20 Read article
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Biomedical Monitoring, IoT in Hospital Industry: Focusing on Solidification of Data Security and Privacy of Patients
Abstract: Improving the security of internet of things (IoT) communication and ensuring the safety of intelligent healthcare systems are significant objectives for biomedical microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS). BioMEMS, which are at the cusp of healthcare and cutting-edge technology, propel the creation of tailored monitoring, therapeutics, and diagnostics. But because of the intricate security and privacy issues that come with IoT connections in smart healthcare ecosystems, a careful analysis is required. Various security …
Published in International Journal of Mobile Computing Technology · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 26–29 Read article
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Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Dynamics in Pathogens: An Evolving Frontier in Infectious Disease
Abstract: Bacterial and fungal pathogens rarely act as solitary invaders. Instead, they engage in sophisticated chemical communication known as quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate population-wide behaviours and construct structured, multicellular biofilm communities. These biofilms, composed of extracellular polymeric substances, not only facilitate microbial persistence on biotic and abiotic surfaces but also confer remarkable protection against host immune defenses and antimicrobial therapies. QS systems act as central regulators of biofilm dynamics, orchestrating …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 18–23 Read article
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A Decade of Viral Evolution (2015–2025): Emergence, Mutations, and Implications for Global Health
Abstract: Over the past decade (2015-2025), viral evolution has profoundly reshaped the global health landscape, challenging healthcare systems, diagnostic tools, therapeutic strategies, and vaccine efficacy. This review comprehensively analyzes the evolutionary trajectories of major human and zoonotic viruses, with a focus on pandemic-prone, drug-resistant, and emerging pathogens. Viral evolution is driven by diverse molecular mechanisms including high mutation rates, recombination, reassortment, host immune pressure, and antiviral interventions, leading to genetic diversification, …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 31–40 Read article
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Integrating Biotechnology, Physiology, and Agroecological Practices for Sustainable Crop Production and Protection
Abstract: Global agriculture is currently confronting a wide range of complex challenges, including a rapidly growing population, climate change, increasing pest and disease pressures, soil degradation, water scarcity, and the urgent need for sustainable intensification of crop production. Addressing these issues requires integrated strategies that combine crop improvement (through modern breeding and biotechnology), precision agronomic practices related to soil, irrigation, and nutrition, as well as advancements in plant physiology, molecular biology, …
Published in International Journal of Trends in Horticulture · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Trichoderma: beneficial fungus for sustainable agriculture
Abstract: As environmentally beneficial substitutes for chemical pesticides, Trichoderma species are being utilized in agriculture more and more. Disease suppression, increased plant growth, and increased tolerance to environmental stress are just a few advantages they provide. These fungi are used in a wide range of cropping systems and formulations around the world. Their use is growing worldwide, particularly in Asia and Europe. In contemporary crop management, items derived from Trichoderma are …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 25–29 Read article
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Synergistic Procurement and Molecular Characteristics of Full Grain Leather in Advanced Material Engineering
Abstract: This article explores the molecular characteristics and engineering processes involved in the production and application of full-grain leather, recognized for its premium quality due to its intact granular structure. Full-grain leather, undivided into split layers, maintains a robust and durable molecular composition, making it a preferred material in high-quality garment manufacturing. The study emphasizes the role of leather conditioners in restoring the molecular suppleness and moisture retention of leather, crucial …
Published in International Journal of Advance in Molecular Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 8–13 Read article
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Virulence Factors in pathogens :mechanisms of infection & disease progression
Abstract: Pathogens, like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, have evolved specialized tools – known as virulence factors – that help them infect hosts, escape the immune system, and cause disease. These factors play a key role in determining how severe an infection becomes, how quickly it spreads, and how the body responds. Some pathogens use adhesins to stick to host cells, while others produce toxins that damage tissues or disrupt normal …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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Bacteriophages- A New Frontier in Medicine
Abstract: Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically target and infect bacteria, offering an innovative alternative to traditional antibiotic treatments, especially in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. The resurgence of phage therapy has been driven by the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the slowdown in the development of new antibiotics. Phages, unlike antibiotics, target specific bacterial strains, reducing the impact on the natural microbiota and potentially offering a …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 31–35 Read article
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Host Invasion to Immune Evasion: Emerging Concepts in Pathogen Virulence Strategies
Abstract: Pathogens have evolved a wide repertoire of virulence strategies that allow them to invade host tissues, establish infection, and circumvent immune responses. From the initial steps of adhesion and colonization to complex molecular mimicry, antigenic variation, and immunomodulation, pathogens display remarkable adaptability. While traditional research has emphasized host cell entry and toxin production, emerging evidence highlights subtler and more dynamic strategies such as manipulation of host signaling pathways, subversion of …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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A Review on Aerospace Materials and Metallurgy
Abstract: Aerospace metalworking is comparable to the foundation of both space travel and transportation. It involves the scientific design and application of metals and alloys to offer components with the strength required for flight and the ability to survive harsh environments. Although other alloys feature cobalt or iron as the main ingredient, nickel makes up most of alloys used in aeronautical applications. When exceptionally high strength is required in moderate-temperature settings, …
Published in International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Systems Analysis · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 21–26 Read article
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Advancements in Plant Molecular Biology and Genetics: Insights into Genetic Engineering, Genomics, and Crop Improvement
Abstract: This comprehensive review explores the rapidly advancing fields of plant molecular biology and genetics, offering a thorough examination of contemporary research and innovative methodologies that contribute to a deeper understanding of plant development, improved crop productivity, and the mitigation of environmental challenges. Recent breakthroughs in genetic engineering, genomics, and transcriptomics are thoroughly analyzed to provide valuable insights into their practical applications for sustainable agriculture. The integration of cutting-edge tools and …
Published in International Journal of Trends in Horticulture · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 25–27 Read article
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A Review Paper on Friction Stir Processing on Aluminium Alloys
Abstract: Friction stir processing is a step from friction stir welding, targeted at surface modification through improving the local microstructure via localized plastic deformation. The tool consists of a rotating mechanism incorporating a shoulder and pin that are inserted into the material, traversing the designated area. When the tool's shoulder and the workpiece make contact, friction develops, generating heat that produces plastic deformation. This localized plastic deformation and heat impact result …
Published in International Journal of Fracture Mechanics and Damage Science · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Crystalline and Polymeric Interactions in Multi- layered Bulletproof Glass: A Study of Ballistic Resistance and Structural Integrity
Abstract: Bulletproof glass is engineered to withstand high-impact projectiles, offering a critical line of defense in various industries such as banking, military, and armored vehicles. This study explores the structural composition, energy absorption mechanisms, and performance characteristics of bulletproof glass when exposed to ballistic threats. The glass consists of layered constructions, often involving polycarbonate and adhesive interfaces such as polyvinyl butyral, which enhance its energy absorption and resistance to projectiles. The …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 10–17 Read article
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From Molecular Mechanics to Nanocomposites: Engineering Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for High-performance Coating Applications
Abstract: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) exhibits remarkable chemical inertness, hydrophobicity, antifriction, self-lubrication, and high-temperature resilience, making it an ideal polymer for various industrial applications, including coatings for medical implants, machinery parts, and corrosion-resistant structures. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of PTFE’s structural properties, focusing on helix reversals within its helical carbon-fluorine chains and their effects on mechanical behavior. The phase transitions of PTFE at temperatures from ambient to high (198°C and above) …
Published in International Journal of Advance in Molecular Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 14–19 Read article
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Structure–Property Correlation of Infill Topology and Density on Tensile and Flexural Performance of FDM-Printed PLA and ABS
Abstract: Additive Manufacturing (AM), particularly Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has become a widely adopted manufacturing technology due to its design flexibility, low cost, and capability for rapid prototyping. However, the mechanical performance of FDM-printed components is strongly influenced by internal structural parameters such as infill pattern and infill density, in addition to the intrinsic material behaviour. This study investigates the structure–property relationship between infill topology, density, and mechanical performance of PLA …
Published in International Journal of Fracture Mechanics and Damage Science · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 26–37 Read article
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Innovative Porcelain Insulators: Prolonged Durability and Anti-Contamination Efficiency via Nano-TiO2 Photocatalyst Integration
Abstract: Porcelain has long been a critical material in high-voltage electrical insulation due to its exceptional mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties. However, environmental contamination and material degradation over time pose significant challenges to its durability. This study investigates the integration of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst coatings on porcelain insulators to enhance their performance and prolong their operational lifespan. Local clay compositions were analyzed, and a comparative study of untreated and …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 18–23 Read article