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42 articles for “penalty”
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Particle Swarm Optimization Framework for Accurate Battery State-of-Charge and Remaining Useful Life Estimation
Abstract: Accurate estimation of the State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) of a battery is key to safe and efficient management of batteries in electric vehicles and energy-storage systems. However, it is challenging due to high nonlinearity, varying operating conditions, measurement noise, and limited access to comprehensive electrochemical parameters. Traditional data-driven models often generalize poorly and require heavy tuning, which can produce unstable predictions. To address these problems, …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 53–64 Read article
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A Sustainable EOQ Model for Declining Products Incorporating Cubic Demand, Variable Deterioration, Partial Backlogging, and Carbon Emission Optimization
Abstract: In this paper proposes a sustainable Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model for inventory systems involving decaying items under cubic time-dependent demand, variable decaying rates, and partial backlogging while absolutely considering carbon emission costs. The model reflects practical market actions where demand initially increases and afterwards declines over time, and decay depends on the age of the item. To demonstrate the current model's applicability as well as evaluate the trade-off between …
Published in International Journal of Industrial and Product Design Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 20–28 Read article
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Corrugated Tube Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Using Epoxy-Based Polymer Composite Coatings for Lightweight and Efficient Thermal Systems
Abstract: Corrugated tube geometries are widely recognized for their ability to enhance heat transfer through boundary layer disruption and secondary flow generation. In this study, a combined experimental and computational investigation is carried out to evaluate the thermo-hydraulic performance of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger incorporating corrugated stainless steel tubes integrated with an epoxy-based polymer composite coating and housed within a mild steel shell. Unlike conventional metallic systems, the present work introduces …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 603–617 Read article
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Polymer Composite-Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen Waste for Optimised Biogas Production: Process Design, Parametric Study, and Simulation Analysis
Abstract: There is an urgent need for decentralised sustainable biogas production from organic waste due to the rising amount of food waste in cities. The application of polymer composite material including HDPE tanks, PVC pipes, and FRP secondary containment systems presents a promising option compared to conventional MS digester fabrication in terms of durability, excellent thermal insulation capability, light weight, and easier installation. This study explores the possibility of adopting a …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 803–818 Read article
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Thermo-Hydraulic Enhancement of Annular Finned Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Using Epoxy-Based Polymer Composites: A Material–Geometry Coupled CFD Investigation
Abstract: Shell-and-tube heat exchangers remain a backbone of industrial thermal systems, yet their performance is often limited by relatively low shell-side heat transfer and the weight and cost associated with conventional metallic components. In this context, the integration of polymer composite materials offers a promising pathway toward lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and performance-tunable heat exchanger designs. The present study investigates the thermo-hydraulic performance of a straight-tube shell-and-tube heat exchanger equipped with annular fins, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 669–684 Read article
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AI-Driven Inverse Design of Functionally Graded Bio-Nanocomposites for Sustainable High-Barrier Packaging
Abstract: Multilayer plastic packaging realizes high barrier performance through laminated heterogeneous structures, but the heterogeneous structure has severe end-of-life challenges caused by the interfacial incompatibility of materials and the poor recyclability. This study proposes the inverse design of functionally graded PLA-nanoclay composite films by reinforcement learning as a monolithic alternative to traditional multilayer systems. Twin-screw extrusion is designed as a continuous control Markov decision process, and proximal policy optimization (PPO) is …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1547–1564 Read article
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Optimized Utilization of Kota Stone Slurry Waste in Fly Ash–Based Geopolymer Mortar: A Taguchi-Driven Approach
Abstract: The large-scale generation of stone-processing wastes presents a critical sustainability challenge and an opportunity for value-added reuse in construction materials. This study develops a high-performance fly ash geopolymer mortar by partially replacing Class F fly ash with Kota stone slurry waste (KSSW) and optimizing the key mix parameters using a Taguchi design framework. Five governing factors—binder replacement level, NaOH molarity, sodium silicate–to–sodium hydroxide ratio (SS/SH), curing temperature, and alkaline solution-to-binder …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 426–445 Read article
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Noise and Vibration Reduction Using Sustainable Polymer Nanocomposite Materials: A Review
Abstract: Noise pollution and structural vibration represent critical challenges in modern engineering systems, affecting human health, operational efficiency, and equipment durability. This review examines the application of sustainable polymer nanocomposite materials for simultaneous noise and vibration reduction across diverse engineering domains. The fundamental relationship between structural vibration and noise generation is established, followed by a comprehensive analysis of sound absorption and damping mechanisms in nanoparticle-reinforced polymer systems. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 785–798 Read article
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Group-Theoretic Symmetry Indices for Modular Building Layouts under Seismic Load Redistribution
Abstract: Symmetry in modular buildings operates simultaneously as an architectural language, a structural regularizer, and a computational design variable. This paper develops a group-theoretic framework for evaluating and optimizing plan symmetry in modular buildings subjected to seismic load redistribution. The building layout is modeled as a finite occupancy–stiffness field defined on a rectangular lattice, where each module encodes both mass and stiffness contributions. Planar reflections and quarter-turn rotations are represented as …
Published in Emerging Trends in Symmetry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 01–07 Read article
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Genomic Selection for Grain Yield in Wheat Using Machine Learning on DArT Molecular Markers: A Comparative Evaluation Across Multi-Environment Trials
Abstract: Genomic selection (GS) predicts complex quantitative traits directly from genome-wide molecular markers, bypassing the need for extensive phenotypic trials and accelerating plant breeding cycles. We conducted a comparative evaluation of seven regression approaches — ridge regression (the machine-learning equivalent of RR-BLUP), Lasso, Elastic Net, Partial Least Squares, linear Support Vector Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting — for predicting grain yield from 1,279 Diversity Array Technology (DArT) molecular markers genotyped …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Spectral Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hypergraph Operators and Dominance Kernels for Resilient Discrete Network Design
Abstract: A new discrete-mathematical framework is developed for resilient network design on intuitionistic fuzzy hypergraphs, where uncertainty is explicitly represented through membership, non-membership, and hesitation degrees associated with both vertices and hyperedges. These three components are systematically integrated into an effective incidence operator that captures the underlying uncertain relationships within complex hypergraph structures. Based on this operator, both un-normalised and normalized Laplacian matrices are formulated to characterize the spectral properties and …
Published in Recent Trends in Mathematics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 41–48 Read article
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Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Reduced-Order Modeling and Stability Control in Granular Couette Flow
Abstract: This study develops a reduced-order and stability-aware modeling framework for dense granular Couette flow by integrating continuum mechanics, bifurcation analysis, and data-driven stability estimation. Starting from coupled governing equations for momentum, granular temperature, and microstructural evolution, the system is nondimensionalized and reduced using a Galerkin projection consistent with shear-driven boundary conditions. This yields a low-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system that preserves the essential coupling between velocity, fluctuation energy, and structural relaxation. …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2026 Read article
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Comparative Analysis of Supercritical Boiler efficiency with Indian and Imported Coal under Indian Condition.
Abstract: Due to the growing demand for generating and the depletion of basic resources, power plants with larger capacity and higher efficiency are becoming increasingly necessary. In this context, Governments and private sectors are going to invest huge resources to construct power plants with super-critical units working on Indian as well as imported coal (Indonesian & South African). Supercritical technology is always embraced all over the world, and India is no …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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Performance Analysis of DG FinFET for Ultralow-power Subthreshold Applications
Abstract: Subthreshold operating region of transistor shows huge potential toward satisfying demand of ultralow power (ULP) consumption from handheld portable devices. However, operating device with such small subthreshold leakage current as a switching current gives huge penalty in their operating frequency. For subthreshold operating region key design goal is to boost the speed of the device. DG FinFET device shows excellent device characteristics in subthreshold operating region. In this paper, 1-bit …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 26–33 Read article
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Application of GIS Web Based in Construction Management
Abstract: Project management is the process and task of planning, organizing, motivating, and controlling resources, procedures, and protocols to achieve specific goals in scientific or daily problems. In the construction world, it is crucial to monitor project management because each project has its duration and every contractor needs to complete the project within the given time. Moreover, exceeding the duration given will cause the penalty to the contractor which in turn …
Published in Journal of Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 17–25 Read article
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A Pragmatic Approach of Managing Maximum Power Demand with Generator Control Mechanism Using PIC Microcontroller
Abstract: Maximum power demand management is an embedded based project which may be enforced in industries wherever quantity of active load on the idea of critical and non-critical have to be monitored and controlled. Industries are required to use a private controller to dominate these individual parameters. The aim of this project is to use one controller for distributing power from multiple feeders in sequence, just in case of load overflow …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 11–18 Read article
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Electrical Data Monitoring, Controlling and Power Factor Correction Using PIC18F458
Abstract: Nowadays, the power quality of the AC system has become of great importance due to the rapidly increased in electronic equipment, power electronics devices and high voltage power system equipment. Commercial and domestic industries in the country have large electrical loads which are generally inductive in nature causing lagging power factor which gives high penalties to the consumer by electricity board. Power factor correction is the absorbing capacity of the …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 33–38 Read article
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Effect of Crosstalk of a Proposed Optical Cross-Connect Topology in OXC Switched WDM Networks
Abstract: ABSTRACTThis paper presents an optical wavelength division multiplexed cross-connect topology, which is modified form of the existing optical cross-connect (OXC) topologies. An analytical approach is developed for the proposed topology to explore the effect of crosstalk induced in multichannel WDM networks due to OXC. Factors that affect the magnitude of crosstalk in the OXC are investigated and different parameters are optimized to reduce the total OXC-induced crosstalk. The crosstalk performance …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 1, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 8–15 Read article
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Real-Time Crack Detection in Polymer Composites Using Embedded IoT Sensor Networks
Abstract: This study developed an embedded Internet of Things sensor network for real-time crack detection, localization, and severity assessment in glass–fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Four polyvinylidene fluoride sensors were embedded near the laminate mid-plane and connected to synchronized wireless acquisition nodes. Controlled low-velocity impacts generated graded damage states. Ultrasonic C-scan and optical microscopy provided independent labels. A compact multi-channel convolutional model processed normalized waveforms, spectral entropy, signal energy, and arrival-time differences at …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 866–899 Read article
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Fractional Riemannian Fuzzy C-Means with Time-Series Regularization for Economic Manifold Forecasting
Abstract: A fractional Riemannian fuzzy c-means framework is proposed for uncertain economic forecasting on non-Euclidean data domains. Observations are represented on a Riemannian manifold, cluster centres are intrinsic prototypes, and a latent fuzzy regime signal is regularised by both autoregressive and fractional-memory penalties. The resulting objective couples geometric clustering with time-series consistency, thereby discouraging partitions that are locally plausible but temporally incoherent. Closed-form membership updates, exponential-map centre updates, normal equations for …
Published in Recent Trends in Mathematics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 49–55 Read article