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52 articles for “enzymatic activities”
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Fly ash and its applications
Abstract: Fly ash is one of the largely produced solid wastes in the World. It is generated from combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Because of its large production, disposal and management problem, FA is always remained the biggest concern from centuries. However, several different research studies proposed that FA has diverse applications in different fields such as in construction for concrete production, in agriculture sector and many others. FA …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Casein - A Unique Milk Protein
Abstract: Milk is a nutrient-rich food that contains proteins, fats, lactose, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and other organic compounds. Essential for young mammals, milk proteins provide amino acids, nitrogen, and minerals necessary for muscle and tissue development. In human nutrition, milk is valued for its digestibility and as a source of calcium and phosphorus, crucial for infant growth. Milk proteins are classified into two primary types: caseins, which make up 75–80% of …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 27–34 Read article
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Attempt on Hydrolysis of Larval Stages of the Black-Soldier-Fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) for the Analysis of Utilitarian Properties
Abstract: The enzyme involved hydrolysis is dealing with disintegration of the complex compounds through utilization of enzymes (or the source of enzymes) followed by the reaction with water. The present attempt is dealing with analysis of influence of chemical protein- extraction reaction, and hydrolysis through the use of enzymes (Alcalase, Papain and Pepsin) on the functional-properties, activity of antioxidation and composition of amino-acids of the protein contents of black soldier fly …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Food Science & Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Evaluation of Majestic Darjeeling Green and Black Tea during Storage
Abstract: Three months storage in ambient temperature and humidity causes the changes in biochemical (antioxidant) and antimicrobial properties of Darjeeling green and black tea. Having higher extent of total polyphenol and non-enzymatic antioxidant flavonoid content green teas are able to show higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against different microorganisms. Due to manufacturing procedures (greater extent of fermentation) some of the enzyme activities (including antioxidant enzyme catalase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase) are lowered …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 24–34 Read article
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In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidative Efficacy of Naringenin on Cadmium -Induced Toxicity in Rats
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the in vivo circulating antioxidants level such as vitamin C, vitamin E and GSH in Cadmium (Cd) induced toxic rats and the protective efficacy of naringenin via in vitro free radical scavenging assays. In this investigation cadmium chloride (5 mg/kg body weight (b.w) was administered orally (p.o) for 28 days to induce toxicity. Naringenin was pre-administered orally (50 mg/kg body weight) for …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2013 · pp. 9–16 Read article
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Strategies in the Delivery of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]. are widely used for the management of pain, inflammation, and fever. However, their effectiveness is often limited by gastrointestinal side effects such as ulceration and bleeding, as well as systemic complications including renal toxicity and cardiovascular risks. To address these challenges, various strategies have been developed to improve the delivery of NSAIDs, aiming to enhance their therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. This abstract provides an …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 44–61 Read article
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Review: Prodrug Concept in Drug Design
Abstract: AbstractIn the world of drug discovery and development, prodrugs have become a powerful method for improving biopharmaceutical, physicochemical or pharmacokinetic properties of pharmacologically active agents. The purpose of this review is to provide some types of prodrugs which are bioreversible derivatives of drug molecules that undergo an enzymatic and/or chemical transformation in vivo to release the active parent drug, which can then exert the desired pharmacological effect. The target of …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 22–28 Read article
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Role of Quantum Chemistry in Catalysis: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Catalysis plays a crucial role in modern chemical manufacturing, energy conversion, and environmental protection by enabling chemical reactions to occur more rapidly, selectively, and with reduced energy consumption. A fundamental understanding of catalytic processes at the atomic and electronic levels is essential for the rational design and optimization of catalysts. Quantum chemistry has emerged as a powerful theoretical and computational framework that enables detailed investigation of electronic structure, reaction energetics, …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 01–16 Read article
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Enzymatic Transesterification using Immobilized Lipase in Production of Biodiesel from Nannochloropsis Oculata
Abstract: The microalgae have higher photosynthetic efficiency, higher biomass production and faster growth compared to other energy crops. The growth of Nannochloropsis oculata was enhanced in 300mg/l of nitrogen concentration and the optimum temperature for growth is 25â—¦C. 38% of microalgal oil was extracted and then converted to biodiesel by enzymatic transesterification using an immobilized lipase (triacyl glycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3). In this study, expensive to produce biodiesel because of the …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2011 Read article
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The Multifaceted Vitamin B6: Metabolism, Cardiovascular Health, Cognition, and Cancer
Abstract: Vitamin B6 is hydrophilic and plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes. It acts as a cofactor in different enzymatic reactions. Vitamin B6 exists in various forms, including pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the most active form. Vitamin B6 is essential for amino acid metabolism, such as PLP is essential for transamination, the process of transferring amino groups between amino acids. This is vital for synthesizing non-essential amino acids and breaking …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Food Science & Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 33–39 Read article
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Comprehensive Overview of Carbohydrate Polymers
Abstract: Targeting drug delivery specifically to the colon has become increasingly crucial for treating various colonic diseases like colorectal cancer, amebiasis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease. Numerous strategies have been developed for this purpose, including using enzymatically degradable polymers, employing prodrug-based approaches, coating drugs with polymers sensitive to time or pH changes, utilizing osmotically and pressure-controlled delivery systems. Polysaccharides activated by the colon's physiological environment show significant potential as they offer …
Published in International Journal of Membranes · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 8–21 Read article
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Variation in Activity of Lipase Immobilized on Chitosan and Alginate Nanoparticles by Changing Concentration of the Preparatory Reagents
Abstract: Chitosan and alginate nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method. The concentrations of each of the preparatory reagents (for chitosan: acetic acid, chitosan, sodium sulphate, glutaraldehyde and for alginate: calcium chloride, alginate, glutaraldehyde) were altered to check their consequences. Lipase was chemically crosslinked to these nanoparticles. Enzymatic assay was carried out for every alteration separately. To visualize the changes in each reagent at every step a precise table is incorporated …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 14–22 Read article
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A study on Antibiotic Resistance: An Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance (AR) represents one of the most critical existential threats to global public health, rapidly eroding the efficacy of established antimicrobial therapies and portending a return to the pre-antibiotic era. This analysis explores the intricate molecular landscape defining this crisis, focusing specifically on the primary mechanisms of action (MoA) utilized by major antibiotic classes—including cell wall inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors, and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors—and the corresponding, diverse mechanisms …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 9–21 Read article
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The Specificity of Antioxidants: A Review
Abstract: Antioxidants are substances that provide protection to the body against reactive chemical species. When oxidative damage is not prevented or reversed, some pathology may occur. Naturally, there are enzymatic antioxidants (example: superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic (example: glutathione) in the cell, and some are incorporated through the diet (example: vitamins). These substances exhibit specificity when carrying out their activity, that is why it is necessary to experiment their effects on different …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 31–41 Read article
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Concentration of Surfactant in Microemulsions as Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Abstract: Microemulsions are clear, stable, isotropic thermodynamically stable systems mixtures of oil, water and ,surfactant frequently in combination with a cosurfactant. Microemulsion system has acceptable potential to act as a drug delivery vehicle by putting a wide range of drug molecules. It has most effective advantage like excellent thermodynamic stability, high drug solubilization capacity, improved oral bioavailability and protection against enzymatic hydrolysis. Surfactant based chemical systems have been reported in many …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 8–15 Read article
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Screening of Newer Phytoconstituents on Novel Enzymes for their Biological Activity
Abstract: Background: Hyperlipidemia and gout are prevalent metabolic disorders significantly impacting global health. The xanthine oxidase and HMG-CoA reductase pathways play pivotal roles in the pathophysiology of these conditions. This study explores the potential of natural phytoconstituents—daidzein, resveratrol, and genistein—as dual inhibitors for these enzymatic targets, offering insights into innovative therapeutic strategies. Aim: To evaluate the potential of natural phytoconstituents—daidzein, resveratrol, and genistein—as dual inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and HMG-CoA reductase …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 81–86 Read article
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Forward Osmosis Membrane Concentration Process of Anthocyanins from Pomegranate Fruit
Abstract: The production of concentrated pomegranate juice was investigated by using forward osmosis membrane concentration process. Suspended solids were completely removed in the clarification step, while soluble solids and organic acids were concentrated using forward osmosis membrane process. The processes was performed at ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and non pressure driven process to produce a concentrated extract to a total soluble solids (TSS) content of 60ï‚° Brix from an …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 36–41 Read article
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Toxicity of Alpha-Cypermethrin on Fish
Abstract: Alpha-cypermethrin is a type II synthetic pyrethroid. Synthetic pyrethroids are used extensively for the control of insect pest and public health purpose. A fresh water fish was exposed to lethal concentration and sub lethal concentration of alpha-cypermethrin, respectively to observe the enzyme activity in functionally two different tissues—gills and liver. The present article focusses on non-target organism in fresh water environment and critically evaluates the toxicity of these pyrethroids in …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 33–38 Read article
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BIOCHEMICAL AND KINETICS STUDIES ON PROTEASE ENZYME ISOLATED FROM AYURVEDIC HERBS ALONG WITH THEIR APPLICATION STUDIES
Abstract: The objective of the present work was to conduct comprehensive biochemical and kinetic analysis of a protease enzyme extracted from two Ayurvedic herbs, namely Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus prostratus) and Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra). The primary focus was to characterize various biochemical aspects of the enzyme, encompassing substrate specificity, optimal pH and temperature conditions, stability, and activation energy. Furthermore, crucial kinetic parameters such as Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) were …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 21–37 Read article
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Rheumatoid Arthritis and Stem Cell Therapies Perspectives for It
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by systemic inflammation, primarily affecting synovial joints, leading to joint destruction and systemic complications. The pathogenesis involves immune system dysregulation, autoantibody production, and enzymatic imbalances. Enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), serine proteases, and kinases, play crucial roles in these processes. Their dysregulation contributes significantly to disease progression through the imbalance of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. MMPs, …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 Read article