Search
47 articles for “Surveillance”
-
Infectious illnesses in areas of violence and among refugees
Abstract: Infectious illnesses are a huge and ongoing hazard in conflict zones and among refugee populations. This is because frail health systems, population relocation, and poor living conditions all come together to make transmission risks higher. Armed conflict undermines vital public health infrastructure, such as vaccination programs, disease surveillance, water and sanitation systems, and access to medical care, resulting in the resurgence and proliferation of avoidable and treatable illnesses. Refugee camps …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 36–40 Read article
-
Predictive Analytics for Student Well-Being and Occupational Success
Abstract: The integration of predictive analytics into higher education has significantly transformed institutional decision-making processes. However, prevailing implementations remain predominantly performance-centered, focusing on dropout prediction and grade forecasting rather than holistic developmental outcomes. Concurrently, higher education systems worldwide are confronting escalating concerns regarding student mental health, disengagement, career uncertainty, and labor market volatility. These intersecting challenges necessitate a broader theoretical reconceptualization of predictive analytics—one that integrates psychological well-being and long-term occupational …
Published in International Journal of Education Sciences · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 155–163 Read article
-
Rheumatoid Arthritis and its Relationship with Vitamin D, ESR, and Obesity
Abstract: Recent years have seen a rise in the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a disease marked by the destruction of articular cartilage and ankylosis of the joints, as well as other complications such as diffuse lung inflammation, sclera, pleura, pericardium, and nodular lesions, which are also common in subcutaneous tissue. Reviewing RA symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and associations with vitamin D, ESR, and obesity was the aim of the study. Even …
Published in International Journal of Toxins and Toxics · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 06–12 Read article
-
Lower Genital Tract Infections in Pregnant Women: Epidemiology and Risk Factors Associated in Dakar, Senegal
Abstract: Vaginal infections are responsible for many problems in women of childbearing age and significantly influence pregnancy outcomes. This study sought to ascertain the prevalence of lower genital tract infections and the risk factors associated with them in pregnant women under observation at the Nabil Choucair Health Centre in Dakar, Senegal. This nine-month cross-sectional study, which involved women between 34 and 38 weeks gestation (WG), was carried out from July 2020 …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 47–59 Read article
-
Advancing Tropical Medicine: Interdisciplinary Approaches, Innovation, and Health System Strengthening
Abstract: Tropical medicine encompasses a diverse range of infectious diseases prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, presenting complex challenges to global health. This review offers an extensive examination of critical aspects within tropical medicine, emphasizing recent progress and upcoming avenues of research. Interdisciplinary collaboration is highlighted as essential for addressing the multifaceted nature of tropical diseases, with healthcare professionals, veterinarians, ecologists, epidemiologists, and social scientists working together to tackle complex health …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–13 Read article
-
Japanese Encephalitis and Dengue Fever Co-infection
Abstract: Dengue virus (DENV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are two significant pathogenic viruses that can cause severe encephalitis. Dengue and Japanese encephalitis are vector-borne illnesses.Arboviruses that are carried by mosquitoes are significant India's causes of death and morbidity The rainy season, when the vector population grows, is when both dengue and Japanese encephalitis transmissions peak. We still don't fully understand how the CNS is involved in dengue and Japanese encephalitis …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 14–18 Read article
-
Viral Chronicles: The Ever-Evolving Saga of COVID-19
Abstract: Coronaviruses, belonging to the family of RNA viruses, have recently captured global attention owing to their remarkable ability to infect a diverse array of species, ranging from animals to humans. These viral agents, recognized by their characteristic crown-like morphology when observed through electron microscopy, have a historical association with zoonotic diseases. Previous examples include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The term "Corona" …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 16–25 Read article
-
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production By Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated From Hospital Environment
Abstract: Extended spectrum β-lactamases production was determined by Double Disc synergy test for twenty one bacterial isolates of Acinetobacter bumannii isolated from the hospital environment. This study investigates the prevalence, genetic mechanisms, and clinical implications of ESBL production by A. baumannii. We employed molecular techniques to identify and characterize ESBL genes in clinical isolates, alongside evaluating their susceptibility profiles against a range of antibiotics. These resistant strains were notably associated with …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 71–78 Read article
-
A Comprehensive Review on Monkeypox Infection
Abstract: Monkeypox represents a zoonotic viral affliction instigated by the monkeypox virus, which is classified within the Poxviridae family and is distinct from the virus that causes chickenpox. Initially recognized in 1958, this infection has recently attracted international scrutiny due to its escalating incidence beyond traditional endemic territories. This review delivers an exhaustive examination of monkeypox, encompassing its epidemiology, viral morphology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, and therapeutic interventions. The …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 23–32 Read article
-
Review of Current Trends in Vaccine Development against Zoonotic Viruses: Challenges and Innovations
Abstract: The emergence of zoonotic viruses poses a significant threat to global public health, necessitating rapid advancements in vaccine development. This review highlights the current trends and innovative strategies employed in the creation of vaccines against zoonotic pathogens, including but not limited to viruses responsible for diseases such as Ebola, Zika, Nipah, and more recently, SARS-CoV-2. We discuss various vaccine platforms, including inactivated, live attenuated, mRNA, and viral vector vaccines, focusing …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–11 Read article
-
Evaluation of Temporal Distribution of Recurrent Cholera Outbreak in Zambia.
Abstract: Background: Cholera cases in Zambia have been observed over a period without understanding the epidemiological cycles. The aim of the study was to evaluate the temporal distribution of recurrent cholera outbreak in Zambia from 1977 to 2019. Methods: Cholera case records of both sex and all ages were retrospectively analyzed. The primary source documents were reviewed including infectious diseases line list, notifiable diseases reports, Health Impact Assessment, District Health Impact …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 10–21 Read article
-
Real-time Mask Detector (Monitoring COVID-19)
Abstract: This study presents the development and implementation of a real-time mask detection system designed to monitor and enforce mask-wearing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a dataset consisting of annotated images, our system can accurately detect the presence or absence of masks on individuals in various environments. The proposed system achieves high accuracy and can be deployed in public spaces to help mitigate the …
Published in International Journal of Radio Frequency Innovations · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 42–49 Read article
-
Antibiotic Resistance in Microbes: History, Mechanisms, Therapeutic Approaches, and Strategies for Mitigation
Abstract: The global emergence of clinically significant antibiotic resistance is increasingly linked to the environment. Antimicrobials, metals, and biocides are just a few of the substances that are released into the environment through paths that are regulated by environmental regulators. Consequently, environmental regulators ought to be heavily involved in developing national and international antimicrobial resistance (AMR) measures. Antimicrobial compounds from pharmaceutical waste, agricultural runoff, and wastewater discharge contribute to the spread …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–11 Read article
-
First Insights into Whole Genome Sequencing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: Molecular Diversity and Drug Susceptibility Patterns in Senegal
Abstract: Background: We conducted a bibliographic analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in sub-Saharan Africa, which included the analysis of 8,139 genomic sequences from 34 of the 49 sub-Saharan African countries. Notably, only one complete sequence from Senegal was identified, which had been generated in the United States. Our primary objective was to utilize whole genome sequencing (WGS) to detect resistance in anti-tuberculous strains of the MTBC in Senegal. This …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 Read article
-
COVID-19 Resurgence in 2025: India’s Continuing Public Health Challenge
Abstract: The year 2025 has witnessed the resurgence of COVID-19, reigniting concerns at both global and national levels regarding the persistent threat posed by SARS-CoV-2. In early 2025, India witnessed a moderate resurgence of COVID‑19, characterized by the emergence of Omicron sub-variants and a rise in mild-to-moderate infections. As of mid-June, active COVID‑19 cases in India totaled approximately 6,000–7,400, with hotspots in Kerala (~2,100 cases), Delhi (~600), Maharashtra (~500), and several …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 16–23 Read article
-
A Review on Unmasking Merkel Cell Polyomavirus: From Discovery to Cancer Driver
Abstract: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a small, non-enveloped, circular double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Polyomaviridae family, first characterized in 2008. Epidemiological data suggest widespread exposure, with seroprevalence rates approaching 80% in adults. While primary infection is typically asymptomatic, rare integration events in Merkel cells can initiate oncogenesis, yielding Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a neuroendocrine skin cancer with a five-year survival rate under 60%. This review integrates findings from six …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 6–11 Read article
-
Host-Pathogen Coevolution: Implications for Immune Evasion and Pathogen Fitness
Abstract: The interaction between hosts and pathogens represents a continuous evolutionary struggle, shaping both microbial virulence and host immunity. Pathogens employ diverse strategies to evade immune surveillance, ranging from antigenic variation and molecular mimicry to hijacking of host immune checkpoints. Simultaneously, hosts refine innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to counteract infection and limit damage. This reciprocal adaptation, known as host–pathogen coevolution, influences pathogen persistence, transmission, and fitness, while also sculpting immune …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 6–10 Read article
-
Insects and Public Health
Abstract: Insects have two roles in public health: they can spread disease and help with health treatments. This article looks at the complicated relationship between insects and public health, with a focus on how they spread diseases including malaria, dengue, Zika, and Lyme disease. The ecology, behaviour, and distribution of important vector species are looked at along with the social and environmental elements that cause outbreaks. The article also talks about …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
-
CRISPR, Recombinant DNA, and LAMP-Based Platforms for Monkeypox: Emerging Tools for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Development
Abstract: Monkeypox, a zoonotic viral infection caused by the Monkeypox virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus, has recurred as a worldwide public health concern after recent outbreaks outside of its classical endemic areas in Central and West Africa. The resurgence has demanded a thorough reassessment of its epidemiology, mode of transmission, and clinical presentation. In light of these challenges, recombinant DNA technology (rDNA) has emerged as a candidate for developing vaccines, diagnostics, …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 7–28 Read article
-
How Scientists Look for New Pathogens Before They Spread
Abstract: Emerging infectious illnesses are a persistent danger to global health. They often come from unexpected places, such wildlife reservoirs, changes in the climate, or human activities. Finding new diseases before they create epidemics is one of the biggest problems in modern epidemiology. This article talks about how scientists use genetic monitoring, field sampling, and real-time data processing to find, track, and describe new infectious organisms in a way that works …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 11–17 Read article