Search
709 articles for “Layer”
-
Web Mapping Comparison of Open Layers Map and Google Map: A Web GIS based Big Spatial Data Approach
Abstract: Big data sharing and manipulation of geospatial data such a GIS web-based system has become a challenge. Due to the rapid development technology in web based geographical information systems, the uses of web based geospatial application, effective utilization and representation varies from Geo-spatial capabilities and functionalities. In this paper, a web GIS framework was explored to provide a practical solution for the display and manipulations of geospatial data, visualization of …
Published in Journal of Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 41–45 Read article
-
Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cell Using Copper Thiocyanate (CuSCN) as Hole Transport Layer
Abstract: In this study, the SCAPS tool was utilized to examine the efficacy of perovskite solar cells using perovskite materials such methyl ammonium lead Iodide (MAPbX3, MA=CH3NH3, X: I). Quantitative simulation and modeling have been used to determine the electrical characteristics of the MAPbI3 material used for the active layer for a number of parameters, including fill factor (FF), short-circuit current density (Jsc), power conversion rate (PCE), and open-circuit voltage (Voc). …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 12–18 Read article
-
Effectiveness of Extensional Damping Using Rubber as Layer
Abstract: Structural damping treatments are free layer damping and constrained layer damping, made of metal and viscoelastic layer combinations which help to reduce vibrations. A free layer damping (FLD) treatment also known as Extensional Damping is formed by applying a coating of a damping material to one side of a structure. The treatment may be symmetric or asymmetric, and applied to beams, plates or shells in bending or in tension. In …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 36–39 Read article
-
Machine Learning Framework for Optimizing Polymer–Metal Oxide Composites as Charge Selective Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells
Abstract: To achieve high-performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), it was important to incorporate innovative interfacial materials to tune the balanced charge extraction, low recombination, and enhanced operational lifespan. On this note, polymer composites with metal oxides have been proposed as promising candidates as charge selective layers (CSLs), whereby they present a rare combination of tunable energy levels, improved film forming abilities, and better interface engineering capabilities. In this …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 1073–1098 Read article
-
Multi-Layered AI-Driven Security in Wireless Ecosystems
Abstract: The proliferation of next-generation wireless technologies, from 5G/6G networks to the pervasive Internet of Things (IoT), has birthed a hyperconnected digital ecosystem of unprecedented scale and dynamism. This interconnectedness, however, introduces a vast and volatile attack surface, rendering conventional, signature-based security paradigms fundamentally obsolete. This paper posits that the only viable defense is an offensive, self-adaptive one, predicated on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) directly into the wireless security …
Published in International Journal of Wireless Security and Networks · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 21–28 Read article
-
AI-Designed Functionally Graded Polymer Composites for Multifunctional Thin Films
Abstract: The design of multifunctional polymer composite thin films requires simultaneous optimization of mechanical, optical, barrier, and thermal properties—objectives often in conflict when using conventional homogeneous materials. This study presents an artificial intelligence-driven framework for designing functionally graded material (FGM) architectures in polymer nanocomposite thin films. We integrated machine learning with physics-based modeling to optimize compositional gradients across film thickness, achieving superior performance compared to homogeneous and discrete multilayer alternatives. A …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1026–1041 Read article
-
Investigation on bi-layer knitted fabric produced using recycled polyester and banana fiber for improved moisture and thermal comfort properties
Abstract: This research investigates thermal comfort characteristics of bi-layer knitted fabrics made of banana fibers and recycled polyester (rPET). The main aim is to maximize thermal comfort of textile products by taking advantage of the distinctive characteristics of these two varieties of eco-friendly materials. Recycled polyester and banana fibers were combined to make the bi-layer knitted materials, which is produced as separate inner and outer layers to maximize performance. The features …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites Read article
-
Investigation on bi-layer knitted fabric produced using recycled polyester and banana fiber for improved moisture and thermal comfort properties
Abstract: This research investigates thermal comfort characteristics of bi-layer knitted fabrics made of banana fibers and recycled polyester (rPET). The main aim is to maximize thermal comfort of textile products by taking advantage of the distinctive characteristics of these two varieties of eco-friendly materials. Recycled polyester and banana fibers were combined to make the bi-layer knitted materials, which is produced as separate inner and outer layers to maximize performance. The features …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 5, 2024 · pp. 19–24 Read article
-
Application Oriented Approach of Layered Manufacturing in Biomedical and Engineering Fields: A Review
Abstract: Layered Manufacturing Systems found their applications in Medical and engineering fields since the inception of the technology. The Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies are being used to reduce the time for design, time for manufacture and the cost of components. Many researchers have published their works in biomedical applications like implant manufacturing, tissue engineering and in dentistry. Also the engineering fields like composite material development, modeling and design, rapid tooling, die …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 39–51 Read article
-
Assessment on the Physical Characteristics of Polymer Materials for Additive Layer Manufacturing Processes
Abstract: Polymer materials have the capacity to morph into a soft form and flow when heated, then return to their original hardness when cooled, making them excellent for heat fabrication procedures. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is a high-grade polymer with exceptional mechanical qualities and heat resistance that is commonly used in aircraft and vehicle manufacture. These polymers are mixed with other materials to create alloys, which are primarily used in the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 1–9 Read article
-
CBR Characteristics of Layered Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Red Stone Dust and Geosynthetics
Abstract: Geosynthetic materials play a pivotal role in addressing the challenges associated with black cotton soil, a problematic soil type prone to volume changes and exhibiting high plasticity. The primary objective is to enhance the strength properties of black cotton soil through a two-step process. Initially, the soil is stabilized by incorporating varying percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%) of red stone dust waste. Subsequently, to prepare the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 10–18 Read article
-
A New Description of Multi-phase Flow Behavior at Boundary Layers of Low-permeability Porous Media
Abstract: At present, the recovery factor of low permeability oilfield in China is only about 20%, which is enormously lower than the recovery factor index of 60% by using water-chemical flooding in medium and high permeability layer. There are a lot of causes that resulted in low recovery factor, among them that the complex pore structure, tiny throat, large pore throat ratio and non-Darcy flow in low-permeability oil layer are the …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 1–7 Read article
-
Multi-layer Perceptron Ensemble for Estimation of Available Transfer Capability in Deregulated Environment
Abstract: The available transfer capability (ATC) estimation problem can be considered as a unique answered puzzle to be solved with highly nonlinear complexity of power systems and the uncertain state of the energy market. To implement the open access in deregulated markets, system operator should post ATC at a small and regular interval on openly accessible network. This forces the quick computation of ATC of transmission path. In these situations, the …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 57–71 Read article
-
Electrical Measurements on La-modified Four-Layered Aurivillius Ceramics
Abstract: Bismuth layered structure ferroelectric (BLSF) of Aurivillius family is found to be attractive owing to its scientific and technological point of view. These materials have potential ferroelectric applications owing to the fact of its high Curie temperature, high temperature piezo-devise and ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), applications. In addition, Bi-modified compounds have shown improved ferroelectric properties. However, the plausible reason for improving ferroelectric properties in Bi-modified is still unclear. The …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 157–170 Read article
-
Influence of Nozzle Temperature, Nozzle Diameter, and Layer Height on Tensile and Hardness Characteristics of 3D Printed CF-PLA
Abstract: This research investigates the mechanical characterization of CF-PLA (Carbon Fiber-reinforced Polylactic Acid) composite material produced using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The study investigates the impact of different machine parameters, like nozzle temperature, nozzle diameter, and layer height, on the tensile property and hardness of CF-PLA specimens. A total of 27 samples were produced, each with different combinations of nozzle temperature (190°C, 200°C, and 210°C), nozzle diameter (0.4mm, 0.5mm, and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 674–681 Read article
-
Recent Advancements and Layering Techniques in Nanoparticle-Reinforced Hybrid Composites: A Comprehensive Analysis
Abstract: This review examines the advancements in nanoparticle-reinforced fiber composites, focusing on natural fibers, synthetic fibers, hybrid composites, and fiber metal laminates (FMLs). Nanoparticles such as SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and graphene, introduced at 0.5–3% volume, have significantly enhanced mechanical, thermal, and wear properties. Comparative studies reveal that hybrid composites reinforced with 1–2% nanoparticles show a 20-30% increase in tensile strength and a 15-25% improvement in thermal stability compared to non-reinforced composites. …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 83–89 Read article
-
Glass Fiber Layer Effect on Chemico-mechanical Properties of Light Cure Adhesive Systems
Abstract: Introduction: Orthodontic adhesives should have clinically acceptable shear and tensile bond strength to withstand masticatory forces and those generated by treatment mechanics. Mechanical properties of the adhesive, such as flexural modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and compressive strength, are more heavily influenced by the resin matrix's Degree of cure (DC). Aim: The study compares the effect of the Glass fiber layer on Chemico-mechanical properties using three different light cure adhesive …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–9 Read article
-
Review Paper on Issues of AODV and Study of Cross Layer Design in MANET
Abstract: Routing in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is challenging due to its mobility feature. The main reasons of link failures are mobility, interference and congestion. Mobility means, each node is free to move within its transmission range. Interference occurs due to collision and hidden nodes. Signal strength is considered as cross layer interaction parameter for implementing cross layer design (CLD). Received signal strength is taken from physical layer and is …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 37–43 Read article
-
A Protected IEEE 802.15.4 Transceiver Design by a Physical Layer Encryption Approach
Abstract: AbstractWith the multiplication of Internet of Things (IoT), the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer is winding up progressively, well-known due to its low power utilization. Be that as it may, secure data communication over the system is a testing issue since vulnerabilities in the existing security natives prompt a few assaults. The alleviation of these assaults independently includes noteworthy processing load the honest to goodness hub. In this paper, we propose …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 1–6 Read article
-
Effect of ETL layer thickness on perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) solar cell
Abstract: Abstract: Thickness of ETL (Electron transport layer) shows important role in term of stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells. In this paper the numerical simulation and extensive modeling have been performed on perovskite solar cell using perovskite material such as methyl ammonium lead Iodide (MAPbI3, MA=CH3NH3) with the help of SCAPS tool. The electrical properties of the MAPbI3 material used as active layer, have been calculated for different parameter …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 32–37 Read article