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63 articles for “Acute toxicity”
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Role of Models in Predicting Toxicity Criteria against Arsenic Toxicity Test Exposed to Therapon Jarbua (Forsskal, 1775)
Abstract: Prediction of safe concentration, no-effect concentration for reduced animal usage in chronic toxicity test was attempted as well as to create a toxicity criteria limit for arsenic using Therapon jarbua in static renewal acute toxicity test. The LC50 value derived was 3.95 (3.43–4.58) mg/L arsenic. The derived LC50 was applied for prediction of safe concentration leading to a value of 39.5 µg/L. The raw survival and mortality data was fed …
Published in Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2013 · pp. 22–28 Read article
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An in-silico toxicity study of the phytocompounds found in Pongamia pinnata leaves using the ProTox-II web server
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to determine the Insilco toxicity of the phytocompound present in the leaves of Pongamia pinnata. The leaves of Pongamia pinnata have long been used in traditional medicine for their therapeutic properties. Nowadays, herbal toxicity is a common problem caused by incorrect dosage. The FDA reviews the safety and effectiveness of herbal products only in response to patient or health care provider complaints—problems with …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Crop science and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2024 Read article
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Effects of Plasticizer DI-(2 Ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Liver Enzymes of Adult Male Albino Rats
Abstract: AbstractDi-(2 Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer used to make the plastic products more flexible. It is quite harmful as tested on other animal models and is carcinogenic too. The liver is the major organ for detoxification in body and is therefore affected first due to intake of any toxicant. The liver enzymes are good parameter to assess any such hepatic damage. In the present study, the acute toxicity …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 6–9 Read article
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Toxicity Assessment of Pendimethalin with Reference to Biochemical Alteration (Carbohydrate, Lipid) of Fresh Water Fish Channa punctatus (Bloch)
Abstract: Pendimethalin, a weedicide is a potential toxic pollutant, adversely affecting the fauna of aquatic ecosystem. The Channa punctatus were exposed to pendimethalin to determine LC50 values for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and to study the behavioral changes. The aim of present study was to assess the 96 hours acute toxicity level of pendimethalin. The LC50 was determined by Finnyl’s Probit analysis. According to graphical plots, the 50% mortality …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 21–25 Read article
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Assessment of Diuretic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Matricaria Chamomilla (Linn.) and Its Phytochemical Analysis with Emphasis on Toxicology
Abstract: While the traditional medicines are derived from medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter, the herbal drugs are prepared from medicinal plants only. This current research work will be very beneficial in figuring out the Matricaria chamomilla leaves extract diuretic effect by determining the ions and electrolyte excreted by the animals using ion selective channel inhibition. The phytochemical screening results revealed that the after which it was observed whether the alkaloids …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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A Review on Toxic Effects of an Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos in Fish
Abstract: AbstractOne of the most potentially harmful toxic chemical is pesticides that are introduced into the environment and used in extensive agriculture practices to defense against disease and pest. Though human welfare have been contributed considerably to them, the adverse effects of pesticides on the non-target organisms like fish are extremely significant. Through impairment of metabolism pesticides hampers health of fish, sometimes leading to death of fish. Among the different group …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 19–31 Read article
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Brine Shrimp Cytotoxicity was not Warrant for Teratogenicity: Comparative Analysis of Seaweed Methanolic Extracts Collected from Tamil Nadu Coastal Region on Brine Shrimp and Zebra Fish Embryos
Abstract: Brine shrimps have been served as valuable toxicological model systems. Besides, they are being used as preliminary models to identify the effective bioactive drug candidates against different diseases including cancer in recent decades. In the present study, we comparatively analyzed twenty-eight seaweed methanolic extracts for their cytotoxicity and teratogenicity using brine shrimp nauplii and zebra fish embryos (ZFEs). All of the seaweed extracts killed brine shrimps, but, only, Ulva lactuca …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 24–32 Read article
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Pharmacological evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of Indian medicinal plants Cordia Myxa and Canscora diffusa on wistar albino rats
Abstract: Two plants (Cordia myxa and Canscora diffusa), which were claimed to possess hepatoprotective activity, were selected. The Selected plants were authenticated by an expert botanist. In the current study, herbal extraction involving solvents of decreasing polarity (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and hydroalcoholic) was used to extract bioactive compounds from the plants of Cordia Myxa and Canscora diffusa in polyherbal preparations. A phytochemical evaluation was performed, including an acute toxicity study …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 31–44 Read article
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Biochemical Estimation of Allaxon Induced Hyperglycemia in Rats Treated with Polyherbal Preparation of Two of Indian Medicinal Plants Cordia Myxa and Canscora Diffusa
Abstract: A systematic study was conducted on extracts of Cordia myxa and Canscora diffusa to evaluate their qualitative chemical composition, phytochemical content, and antidiabetic activity. Then the Poly herbal extract is prepared with the selected plant powders, subjected to acute-toxicity studies for dose fixation. The herbal extracts formulation was prepared taking three selected dosages. The preparations are evaluated for anti-diabetic activity using Steptozotocine and Alloxan induced diabetic models in rats. The …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 52–60 Read article
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In vitro and In vivo Trypanocidal Activity of Methanolic Extract of Lantana camara leaves on Trypanosoma brucei in Laboratory Mice
Abstract: In this study, the methanol extract of Lantana camara leaves were tested for their trypanocidal activity in vitro in a microtiter plate and in vivo using male laboratory mice. Five different concentrations 10mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml, 40mg/ml, and 50mg/ml of the extract were prepared and the time taken to immobilize the parasites were recorded. The in vitro results showed that the leave extract at concentrations of 50 mg/ml had …
Published in International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecule Research · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 32–41 Read article
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Assay of the Antitrypanosomal Activity of Ziingiber Officinale Extract in Wister Rats
Abstract: This research investigated the antitrypanosomal effects of Zingiber officinale in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Twelve adult rats, 7 weeks old and of both sexes, were randomly divided into six groups (1 through 6), with each group consisting of two rats. All six groups (1–6) were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml of blood containing 10⁶ Trypanosomes/ml. Groups 1–4 received daily intraperitoneal doses of the plant extract at concentrations of …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 32–37 Read article
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Arsenic as a Cause of Cancer
Abstract: Inorganic Arsenic (iAs) is a pervasive and ubiquitous environmental toxin that has created world-wide human health problems. Populations exposed to high concentrations of arsenic-contaminated drinking water suffer serious health consequences ranging from acute toxicities to development of malignancies, including alarming cancer incidence and death rates. Epidemiologic studies have shown a relationship between chronic arsenic exposure and disease of the skin, lung, urinary bladder, and conceivably liver, kidney, and prostate in …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 8–21 Read article
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Cadmium Accumulation in Different Tissues and DNA Content Alteration in Cat Fish (Clarias batrachus) Exposed to Lethal Concentration of Cadmium
Abstract: In the present study, the acute toxicity experiment was conducted to evaluate LC50 of Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on Clarias batrachus which was found to be 450 ppm for 96 h. Clarias batrachus (average length of 8.5 ± 0.4 cm and the average weight of 13.5 ± 0.393 g) was exposed to sub-lethal concentration (140 ppm) and lethal (450 ppm) concentrations of Cd for 14 days. The Cd accumulation in tissues …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Pylorus Ligation Induced Gastric Ulcer Protection by Sesamum Indicum Ethanolic Seed Extract
Abstract: The present study was performed in pylorus ligation induced ulcer model in Wister rats, in which ability to provide gastric protection was studied at two different doses 200 and 400 mg/kg calculated based on the acute toxicity study. Gastric protection was evaluated by assessing various parameters like gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, ulcer index and percentage inhibition of ulceration. Ranitidine at 50 mg/kg was used as the standard …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 42–49 Read article
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Cadmium Toxicity: Oxidative Stress and Organ Dysfunction
Abstract: Due to continued anthropogenic mobilization, cadmium accumulation in the environment causes various health problems because of its diverse toxic effects, extremely lingering biological half life (20–30 years), low rate of excretion from the body and storage predominantly in soft tissue primarily liver and kidney. Cadmium is known to have numerous noxious effects, including nephrotoxicity, hepatoxicity, osteoporosis, cardiovascular toxicity, lung toxicity, and reproductive toxicity. The biologically significant ionic form of cadmium, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 14–31 Read article
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Antipsoriatic Potential of Polyherbal Paste
Abstract: AbstractPsoriasis is a common dermatitis affecting 1-3% of the population. Several attempts have been made in overcoming psoriasis with prolonged treatment duration. The oral anti-psoriatic agents though quite effective are associated with renal, hepatic and hematological toxicities. The topical treatments have also been described in the classical Unani literature. This work aims in evaluating antipsoriatic potential of Barg-e-Neem, Barg-e-Henna, and Kamela that exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and are used in traditional …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Herbal Science · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 20–32 Read article
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In vitro and in vivo Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Diabetic Evaluation of cladodes Crude Extract and Solvent fractions of Opuntia elatior mill (Cactaceae)
Abstract: Objective: Ariel part of Opuntia elatior (Cactaceae) has been used in folklare remedies to treat diabetes in America, Mexico and India. However, the anti-diabetic potential of cladodes of this medicinal plant is not scientifically validated and authenticated. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic potential of methanol extracts and solvent fractions of O. elatior cladodes. Methods: Phytochemical analysis performed according to standard procedure. …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 77–88 Read article
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Research and Industrial Insight: Toxicology
Abstract: Toxicology is a division of biology, chemistry, and medicine related with the study of the special effects of chemicals on breathing organisms. It also studies the injurious effects of chemical, biological and physical mediators in biological system that founds the degree of destruction in living organisms. The correlation between dose and its belongings on the exposed organism is of great importance in toxicology. A factor that inspires the chemical toxicity …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 36–40 Read article
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Validation of Tropical Artificial Soil by Ecotoxicological Assessment of the Effect of Potash on Eisenia fetida
Abstract: AbstractEcotoxicity tests provide a direct measure for the effects of chemicals to earthworms and help to establish adverse ecological effects. The research methodology recommended by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guideline for testing of chemicals no. 207 meets the most criteria expected for ecotoxicological testing except the testing condition and the organic matter. The guideline was initially developed by temperate countries like Europe and North America, thus …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 15–23 Read article
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Identifying and Mitigating Chemical Hazards Through Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Abstract: Chemical exposure represents a significant occupational health and safety concern in the chemical industry. Effectively addressing these hazards requires teamwork among various occupational health and safety experts, such as general OHS professionals, occupational hygienists, and occupational health practitioners. This research focuses on analyzing hazards and developing control measures for industrial chemicals, evaluating their toxicity, and using these assessments in regulatory decision making. It starts by addressing the availability of toxicological …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 52–62 Read article