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1973 articles for “costing” (ranking capped at the first 2,000 matches — narrow the search to see the rest)
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Implementation of UART with CALBO
Abstract: The increasing growth of submicron technology has resulted in the difficulty of VLSI testing for designers who always look for simple and cost effective logic structure to realize a complex function. Thus Automatic Testing Equipment (ATE) is becoming costly process for testing. To reduce the cost of testing the chips, Built in Self-Test (BIST) has emerged as a cheaper alternative. BIST is a design technique that allows the chip to …
Published in Journal of Microelectronics and Solid State Devices · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 6–12 Read article
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Performance Analysis of a Naval Reactor for Nuclear Powered Ship
Abstract: AbstractNuclear power-driven ships are becoming progressively more popular in advancing ship technology. Nuclear ships use naval reactors, which have lower fuel costs and last for many years and have almost zero emissions. The working of a Nuclear Ship is derived from the simple nuclear fission reaction. One more important factor that has spurred on the continuous investigates of nuclear power generation within ships is the irregular cost of flammable fuels. …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Multi-objective Reactive Power Planning based on MNSGA II
Abstract: Abstract This paper presents an application of modified NSGA-II (MNSGA-II) to reactive power planning (RPP) problem by minimizing the total cost (which consist of sum of annual energy cost and the installation cost of additional reactive power sources) and the load bus voltage deviations. Voltage stability index is considered as an additional constraint in order to include the system stability into account. Reference Pareto-front is generated using covariance matrix adopted. …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 37–45 Read article
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Thorium the Fuel of the Future to Revitalize Nuclear Power Generation
Abstract: After disasters like Kyshtym, Windscale, Fukushima, Chernobyl etc., nuclear energy carried a dreaded stigma. The cost of nuclear power generation in the conventional way is on the rise, and so there is a resurgence in nuclear technology using thorium as fuel. There is a great pressure from international community to reduce carbon emission. So many countries are looking for a path to generate energy that is distinctly different but pays …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 1–26 Read article
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Progress of Graphene/Silicon Solar Cells-Present Status & Future Prospect
Abstract: The ever-increasing demand for next-generation high efficiency low cost solar cell has triggered interest to search for new materials which are easily available, environmentally benign as well as cost-effective. In this context, graphene has attracted tremendous importance due to its outstanding optical, electrical and mechanical properties, for possible application in future graphene/silicon Schottky and heterojunction solar cells. Significant progress has been noted as the power conversion efficiency of such cells …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 19–29 Read article
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Artificial Neural Network Implementation in FPGA using Multiplexer-based Weight Updating for Efficient Resource Utilization
Abstract: This paper presents a novel scheme for field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of an artificial neural network (ANN). The proposed implementation is aimed at reducing resource requirement, without compromising on the speed so that a complex ANN architecture could be realized on a single chip at a lower cost. The weight updating process in different layers of the ANN has been carried using a simple MUX-based architecture. Backpropagation algorithm which …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Smart Blind Stick
Abstract: In accordance to World Health Organization statics, 253 million people are currently living with vision impairment, 36 million of which are blind, and 217 million who have moderate severe vision impairment. Mostly people aged 50 and above are blind as WHO estimated that 81% of the blind population are adult peoples. Due to a variety of factors, number of visually impaired persons is anticipated to rise in the future. As …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 23–46 Read article
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Studies on Removal of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250(CBB) dye Usingligninas Adsorbent
Abstract: Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 (CBB), an organic dye present in wastewater effluent, affects environment by reducing the photosynthetic activity in aquatic ecosystems. CBB must be eliminated from effluent as a result. In the present study, lignin was utilized as a low-cost bio adsorbent for the removal of CBB dye employing an adsorption technique in order to minimize pollution caused by CBB dye. By studying the effect of several parameters includes …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 9–19 Read article
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RFID Based IoT Attendance System
Abstract: The RFID-based IoT attendance system is designed to streamline the attendance process in organizations by leveraging Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. The system comprises an RFID reader, RFID tags, a buzzer, a microcontroller, and a server (Google Sheet). To use the system, each employee is assigned an RFID tag that they use to log in and out of work. When an employee swipes their tag, the RFID reader scans it …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 16–21 Read article
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Performance Appraisal of Two-stage On-site Domestic Wastewater Treatment System under Ambient Environment
Abstract: AbstractThe rapid growth in population has rendered the centralized sewerage systems a non-realistic option in sparsely populated areas. Consequently, an on-site wastewater treatment system (OWTS) is a viable alternative and cost-effective solution of sewerage system. Septic tanks with soil absorption systems are a simple mean of onsite treatment of the domestic wastewater. However septic tanks have low treatment efficiency along with several technical and constructional drawbacks. In order to improve …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 20–28 Read article
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Economical Analysis of Lime and Fly Ash Stabilized Flexible Pavements
Abstract: India is experiencing tremendous growth in infrastructure including road network and highways. Roads are to be designed with good reliability to fulfill the long-term performance during the design period. Most of the time flexible pavements in India need to be constructed on problematic subgrade soil. Such subgrades have low California bearing ratio which leads to more pavement thickness. Decrease in availability of suitable sub-base and base course materials for highway …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 36–44 Read article
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Utilization of Agricultural Waste for Defluoridation of Water: A Review
Abstract: Fluoride is an essential micronutrient for human health which can be obtained from food items. Excess fluoride is one of the anionic, inorganic contaminants, found predominantly in ground water due to weathering of rocks, geochemical reactions or anthropogenic activity such as disposal of industrial wastewaters, because of which removal of excess fluoride is mandatory. Among various methods used for defluoridation of water, adsorption is widely used. It is more remarkable …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 23–29 Read article
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Potable Water Quality Analysis of Akbarpura, KPK, Pakistan
Abstract: In Pakistan, supply of safe drinking water of international standard is very limited. Only around 30% population has access to piped drinking water, which has rarely been completely tested for health safety. About 70% population is drinking water of unknown quality. The only testing comes through human consumption and getting sick. This study is designed to investigate the water quality problems of Akbarpura, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. Samples were collected from the …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 19–27 Read article
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Design and Development of Dual Head Filling and Crimping Machine
Abstract: Automation has changed the working scenario all over the globe. It has increased productivityand efficiency while decreasing the time needed by conventional methods. The shift towardsautomation has resulted in more production in less time. But in countries like Indiaimplementing automation in small scale industries is both complex and costly. This paperproposes a semi-automatic machine which can be used for filling and crimping operation of aperfume bottle. The idea is to …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 28–33 Read article
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Design of Thin AC Converters (TACCS) using Dual Virtual Quadrature Source Concept
Abstract: Conventional grid control has been based on static assets that are switched in or out for a considerable long time. Traditionally excitation control of generators has provided continuous control in the grid system. Recently, dynamic grid control has been achieved by the use of FACTS devices, i.e. TCR, STATCOM and UPFC, etc. These FACTS devices are expensive and reliability, maintainability are the main problems. For STATCOM devices, the need to …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 41–48 Read article
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Design and Development of Wristwatch for Blind Person
Abstract: Watches for blind person are already available, but, due to its cost, it is not affordable for the people in developing countries. In this project, main area of concern is about cost optimization of watch by modelling of wristwatch for the blind and visually challenged deaf person by using same features of simple watch. Main difference in design is that the watch face numbering is done in Louis Braille system …
Published in Trends in Machine design · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Characteristics and Comparison of Continuous Casting Machine (CCM) and Reheat Furnace (RHF) Rolled Reinforcement Bar
Abstract: Modern rolling process introduces manufacturing of reinforcement bar in combination of continuouscasting and straight rolling to avoid time and cost losses and produce fine quality reinforcement bar.Using the core heat or heat inside the raw material (generally known as billet), the rolling process iscarried out. This modernized rolling process overcomes reheating losses and cost of transportationand of course cost of reheating which were faced in previous manufacturing processes. During therolling, …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 17–27 Read article
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ONU Placement and Restoration using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Fiber Wireless Network
Abstract: AbstractFusion of optical domain and wireless domain makes a new promising technology called as Fiber Wireless (FiWi) access network, which actually integrates the features of both in it. FiWi consists of passive optical network (PON) as optical backend which serves high bandwidth, high data rates etc. and wireless mesh network (WMN) as wireless frontend which provides the self-healing nature, high mobility and low cost. Various optimizing schemes for Optical Network …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 57–73 Read article
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Investment Analysis and communication Issues for Road Assets
Abstract: The main purpose of this work is to develop good practices for management of infrastructures. The scope of this practice is mainly focused on pavement network, but it also includes other road assets like bridges, culverts and signs. A preventive maintenance, rehabilitation and reconstruction investment analysis is performed for these assets. The analysis and budgeting is performed for 20 years period to maintain and preserve the existing service level for …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–16 Read article
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Study of Self -Healing Network System
Abstract: In this networking world, self-healing explains that if any device or system which is not operating correctly can be restored to its normal position without human intervention by making necessary adjustments. At present, developers are finding the cost of servicing a product too expensive (in some cases it has crossed the cost of the product), so they are trying to make such products that can be fixed on their own …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 22–26 Read article