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960 articles for “Signals”
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Recent Advances of Distributed Optical Fiber Raman Amplifiers in Ultra Wide Wavelength Division Multiplexing Telecommunication Networks
Abstract: ABSTRACTRecently, many research works have been focused on the fiber optic devices for optical communication systems. One of the main interests is on the optical amplifiers to boost a weak signal in the communication systems. In order to overcome the limitations imposed by electrical regeneration, a means of optical amplification was sought. The competing technology emerged: the first was Raman amplification. One reason was that the optical pump powers required …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 1, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 44–59 Read article
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Image Preprocessing Techniques
Abstract: ABSTRACTPreprocessing method is an important step, specifically for low-quality picture images. This method is robust to lighting variations and produces images with very little noise and consistent stroke width. The process computes a “surface” of background intensities at every point in the image that performs adaptive thresholding based on this result. The surface is estimated by identifying regions of low resolution text and interpolating neighboring background intensities into these regions. …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 20–29 Read article
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Amplifier-based High Temperature Measurement and Control System
Abstract: Thermocouple is widely used sensor for temperature measurement now a days because of its unique characteristics in terms of wide temperature range, stability, durability, and the different types that are compatible according to temperature applications. But there are many challenges like signal conditioning and absolute control that needs to be resolved while designing with them. The paper describes the solution for signal conditioning using a single analog IC AD8495 that …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 25–36 Read article
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Entropy Analysis of EEG between Alcoholic and Control Subjects during Visual Stimulus Perception
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the variation in the EEG signal recorded from a group of individual, who were subjected under the effect of alcoholism while comparing them to non-alcoholic or controlled state. For the purpose, EEG from individuals was processed while subjects were perceiving visual picture stimulus from Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set. A total of 10 trials for each subject have been considered in matched/non-matched …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 5–14 Read article
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Edge Computing Assisted Polymer Composite Biosensors for real time medical Analytics
Abstract: The fast development of healthcare technologies has generated the increased need of real-time, correct, and effective medical monitoring systems. Polymer composite biosensors have come out as a viable solution since they are flexible, biocompatible and highly sensitive in detecting physiological and biochemical signals. Nevertheless, traditional cloud-based data processing systems bring about latency, bandwidth issues, and privacy risks, and thus are not suitable to use in time-sensitive medical services. In order …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 Read article
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Comparative Analysis of CMOS CNFET and Memristor Based Full Adder Circuits and CMOS Memristor Based Multiplexer Circuits
Abstract: Continued developments in microelectronics technology have led to a myriad of new compute- intensive applications at the micro-edge, such as artificial intelligence and signal and image processing. Multiplication is a crucial arithmetic process in such applications. However, large logic complexities typically seen in traditional multipliers generate combinatorial blocks with long chains of cascaded carry addition. As such, energy efficiency has remained a primary design challenge for these applications, when powered …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology Read article
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DTMF Based Home Automation Without Using Microcontroller
Abstract: Currently mobile has become our lifestyle, because of low price of housing automation and through DTMF. DTMF (dual tone multiple frequency) primarily based system contains 2 mobile phones, DTMF Decoder and UNL2003 main a part of the project. One mobile is employed as remote which can settled at way distance from home through that directions area unit felt occupation and another mobile is found reception act as a receiver. The …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications Read article
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Performance Analysis of Space Shift Keying and Quadrature Space Shift Keying for MIMO Channels
Abstract: In wireless communication the propagation channel is characterized by multipath propagation due to scattering on different obstacles. MIMO takes advantage of multi-path and uses multiple antennas to send multiple parallel signals from transmitter. “Multi-path” occurs when different signals arrive at the receiver at various times. MIMO exploits the space dimension to improve wireless systems capacity, range and reliability. There are two different modulation techniques that exploits the best features of …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology Read article
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Designing Digital Filters of Underwater Wireless Sensor Node
Abstract: Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), an emerging area, integrate sensing, computing, and communication into a single compact device. The digital data is acquired using an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and the fusion of numerous sensor data is accomplished in the sensor node’s ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) CPU. The sensor interfacing circuit should connect the sensor to the sensor node’s data collecting system. The data from these sensors may be …
Published in International Journal of VLSI Circuit Design & Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 43–53 Read article
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Asymmetrical Light Propagation in 2D Photonic Crystal Structure
Abstract: In this work, using Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) and two-dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (2D-FDTD) methods, we design a structure that shows the high asymmetry in propagation of light. Structure is based on two-dimensional Photonic Crystal (2D-PC) consisting of square lattice (39 X 39) of infinitely long circular rods of refractive index 2.9 in the background of refractive index 1. Radius of rods is 0.15a, where a is the lattice …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 11, Issue 7, 2023 · pp. 69–74 Read article
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Design and Creation of Four-wheel Non- interaction Navigation Machinery
Abstract: Here we are trying to improve the steering mechanism, by rotating all 4-wheels to reduce the radius of rotation. This is a Mechatronics based project where different sensors and actuators has to employed. Electronic controller unit is going to be act as the vital element of this project through which the complete steering system has to be controlled. This electronic controller receives analog signal from the user and convert it …
Published in International Journal of Machine Systems and Manufacturing Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 35–44 Read article
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Smart Traffic Management Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Existing Solutions
Abstract: In our nation today, when the number of automobiles keeps growing faster than the resources at our disposal, managing this problem is getting harder, and things get worse when accidents happen. Numerous facets of society are impacted by this issue, such as time wasted, health problems, pollution, traffic accidents, and economic progress. According to this paradigm, individuals can rely on traffic control technologies to reduce traffic and its consequences. We …
Published in International Journal of Optical Innovations & Research · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 27–32 Read article
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Optimizing Manufacturing Processes with Taguchi Method in Production Engineering
Abstract: The Taguchi Method, pioneered by Genichi Taguchi, stands as a powerful optimization tool within the realm of production engineering. This paper delves into the principles, applications, and significance of the Taguchi Method in enhancing manufacturing processes. With a focus on minimizing variation and improving performance, this methodology plays a crucial role in addressing challenges faced by industries in their pursuit of operational excellence. The core components of the Taguchi Method, …
Published in International Journal of Robotics and Automation in Mechanics · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Classifying Abnormalities in Heartbeat Sound
Abstract: Heartbeat sounds play a major role in the detection of various diseases such as heart disease, hyperthyroidism, and high blood pressure in their early stages. In the proposed method, various abnormal and healthy heartbeat audio signals are given as input and the features are extracted using MFCC (mel-frequency cepstral coefficients). Then, a deep learning approach is applied in which the MFCC audio signals are sent to the CNN (convolutional neural …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 24–31 Read article
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Arduino Uno-based Clap Detection Light Control System
Abstract: Lamp technology plays a pivotal role in providing illumination, enhancing various daily activities for countless individuals. The author endeavors to create a prototype tool equipped with a system capable of seamlessly toggling lights on and off, fostering efficiency and eliminating the need for physical interaction. This system enables the activation and deactivation of lights through the detection of sound generated by human movement, thus obviating the necessity to physically manipulate …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 32–38 Read article
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Evaluation of Antenna Performance using a Novel Measurement Device: Methodology and Results
Abstract: In the last decade, the field of On Chip Antennas (OCA) has experienced unprecedented growth due to the introduction of small, low-cost, low-power System-on-Chip (SoC) wireless communication devices. OCAs are superior to conventional off-chip antennas in a number of ways. They first reduce the overall size of the wireless communication system since the presence of an OCA eliminates the need for an impedance matching network between the antenna and RF …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 24–29 Read article
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Remote Keyless Entry Implementation Using Can Protocol
Abstract: The coming of the Controlling Area Network (CAN) protocol has totally transformed the car industry, enabling smooth communication between various electronical control units (ECUs) within modern vehicles. Using this strong communication framework, our project centers on the execution of a Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) system, providing improved security and ease to vehicle owners. This project aims at designing and developing a complex RKE system employing the CAN protocol, which allows …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 30–38 Read article
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Comprehensive Analysis of MRSA Peptides Via Maldi
Abstract: The present study employed Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry to analyze methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus peptides, focusing on various parameters associated with mass-to-charge (m/z) values. Through systematic data collection and analysis, including time, intensity, signal-to-noise ratios, quality factors, resolutions, areas under the peaks, relative intensities, full widths at half maximum, Chi-squared values, and background peaks, comprehensive insights into the spectral characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus peptides were obtained. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 98–101 Read article
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Advancement and Limitations of Raman Spectroscopy: A Review
Abstract: The present review provided an overview of advances and limitations in Raman spectroscopy— a powerful analytical tool widely used across scientific disciplines. Instrumental advances, including the development of lasers, detectors, and optics, have increased the scope of Raman spectroscopy. These advances have expanded its applications in fields such as information science and biology. The integration of Raman spectroscopy with additional technologies such as microscopy and artificial intelligence further expands analytical …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 85–97 Read article
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ISGylation: A Key Host Cellular Defense Mechanism
Abstract: ISGylation, a crucial process of the innate immune response, has garnered increasing attention for its involvement in host's defense against pathogenic infections as well in cancer progression. The key player of ISGylation, ISG15, is stimulated by type I interferons (IFNs). ISG15 covalently binds with viral (influenza NS1A and nucleoproteins) and host (Nedd4, filamin B and CHMP5) target proteins and this interaction inhibits the viral replication process and release of viral …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 68–80 Read article