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1916 articles for “costs” (ranking capped at the first 2,000 matches — narrow the search to see the rest)
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Study of Price Variation of Anti-infective Eye Preparations
Abstract: To analyze the percentage cost variations among different brands of commonly prescribed ophthalmic drugs. The cost of different brands of commonly used ophthalmic drugs was sorted out by referring the latest Current Index of Medical Specialities, Indian Drug Review and Retail drug store. The cost of five dosage forms in INR of each brand, cost ratio and percentage cost variation ware calculated. Our study findings showed a very high fluctuation …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 10–12 Read article
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Experimental Analysis of Line Balancing Issues in Automotive Fuel Tank Bracket Production
Abstract: Assembly line balancing is a manufacturing technique aimed at determining the anticipated production rate for manufacturing a specific product within a defined timeframe. Six Sigma, a profit-maximizing method, focuses on achieving consumer satisfaction. Reducing cycle time has become crucial to enhance production rates and meet client expectations. Assembly lines play a pivotal role in industrial production as efficient flow-line systems. Although building or redesigning assembly lines requires significant capital investment, …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 25–33 Read article
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Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine an Evolving Analytical Clinical Tools for Future Medicine – A Narrative Review
Abstract: The term Pharmacogenomics is coined as an emerging field that exactly examines how the genetic variations influence the individual responses towards medications. This discipline in turn integrates the pharmacology as well as genomics to facilitate the personalized medicine, encouraging the healthcare providers to tailor their drug therapies based on individual patient’s genetic profile. Key applications include optimizing drug efficacy, minimizing adverse effects, and enhancing treatment outcomes across various medical fields, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 44–52 Read article
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Comparative FEA Study of Robotic Arms Under Diverse Loading Scenarios
Abstract: The introduction of robotic arms into the industrial and research fields has transformed efficiency, precision, and productivity in a multiplicity of industries. Automating material handling and sorting, among others, the robotic system has optimized operations that enable industries to produce well above the required standards even though there is an enhanced increase in demand, reduces costs, and human labor. Robotic arms find widespread application in manufacturing, medical procedures, and in …
Published in Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 24–32 Read article
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Comparative Analysis of Eco Friendly Brick with Red Bricks
Abstract: This research presents a comparative analysis between conventional red bricks and eco-friendly bricks made from mud, rice husk, and dry plant leaves. The aim is to evaluate the potential of using sustainable, low-cost, and locally available agricultural waste materials in brick production as an environmentally conscious alternative to traditional methods. The eco-bricks were manufactured without kiln firing, significantly reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. A series of laboratory tests—including compressive …
Published in Journal of Structural Engineering and Management · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 42–46 Read article
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Heat Stress Mitigation in Resource-Constrained Dairy Farming Systems: Practical Strategies for Sustainable Development
Abstract: Heat stress poses a critical threat to dairy production, particularly in resource-constrained systems prevalent across tropical and subtropical regions. Elevated ambient temperatures, compounded by high humidity, directly impair feed intake, milk yield, reproductive efficiency, and overall animal welfare. In low-resource settings, conventional cooling technologies such as automated fans, sprinklers, and climate-controlled housing remain economically inaccessible. Therefore, cost-effective, locally adaptable, and sustainable solutions are essential for maintaining productivity and animal health. …
Published in International Journal of Climate Conditions · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Design of Dual Media Water Filter Purifier Using Clay Pot
Abstract: Numerous organisations make low-cost water treatment devices for rural homes, for instance filters, RO and UV-based water purifiers. However, these devices have problems like filter clogging, the need to replace filters frequently water contamination (in the case of RO), and the truth that electricity is not always available in rural areas, which makes them costly to use. Because of this, RO and UV purifiers are too expensive for people who …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 94–99 Read article
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Assessment of Several Feed Varieties in Carp Polyculture
Abstract: This six-month aquaculture study evaluated the effects of four distinct feeding treatments on the production and development of a five-species polyculture system comprising common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Rohu, Katla, and Mrigel. The experiment utilized the total volume for eight ponds, each with a volume of 150 m3 is 1200 m3 (cubic meters) to compare: T1 (finely chopped Dubo grass and mash feed), T2 (sinking pellet), T3 …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Novel approaches to the Design and Optimization of Universal Shift Register with Reversible logic
Abstract: Reversible logic is gaining importance in new multi-disciplinary fields, such as quantum computing, low-power computing, and even nanotechnology. The study of reversible gates has quickly evolved as a distinctive area of research as a result of the new developments aimed at fully utilizing resources and performing operations without any loss of information. With chip integration, these USRs, or Universal Shift Registers, have now become fundamental sequential components needed in various …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 21–28 Read article
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Metaheuristic Design of Epoxy-Based Polymer Composites
Abstract: This research investigates the optimization of epoxy resin based polymer compositions in composite materials to enhance their mechanical and tribological properties for industrial applications. We examined the properties of composite materials by running experiments and optimizing these results using Firefly and five optimization algorithms to find the best steel and epoxy ratios. Our tests confirmed that higher dosages of steel powder increased materials' resistance to breaking and impacts yet lowered …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 769–791 Read article
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Polymer Composite-Supported Jackfruit Peel Adsorbent for Enhanced Copper (II) Removal from Wastewater: Batch Equilibrium and Isotherm Analysis
Abstract: The increasing concern of disposal of copper-containing effluents into the environment has led to heightened interest in designing cost-effective, eco-friendly and scalable adsorbent systems. Traditional metals and synthetically engineered sorbents prove to be effective; however, these systems are energy intensive. Agricultural residues entrapped in polymer composite systems constitute an economically feasible solution to this environmental challenge. This work reports on the design, characterization and performance evaluation of an economical adsorbent …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 375–390 Read article
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Sustainable Food Packaging: Recent Advances in Biodegradable and Smart Packaging Technologies
Abstract: Fish farming is a vital source of livelihood, income, and nutritional security, especially in regions where aquaculture is embedded in local economies and culture. In India’s Mithila region (Bihar), fish (machh) holds substantial cultural, economic, and nutritional significance. This research analyzes the economics of pond-based fish production in Madhubani district, focusing on Benipatti Block, an area with high pond density. The study investigates determinants of productivity, profitability, and resource utilization, …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Food Science & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 59–68 Read article
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Net Present Value Based Profitability Analysis of Nuclear Assisted Electrolytic Hydrogen Production Projects
Abstract: Techno-commercial analysis of hydrogen production by water electrolysis using electricity from nuclear power reactors is carried out in this work, using a combination of levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) and net present value methods (NPV) which consider time value of money. Codes are developed in-house to estimate project profitability (i.e. profitable sale prices of the hydrogen produced) under baseline, optimistic and pessimistic techno-commercial scenario using simplified financial metrics such as …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 27–36 Read article
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Water Modelling of Gating System
Abstract: Water modelling of a gating system in a foundry can be used to improve the quality of the castings produced to thrive in the global competitive environment, minimize the cycle time, reduce the cost, as well as meet its delivery times. So, from a customer and an economic point of view foundries cannot afford production of series of trial castings with routine changes in the gating system and choose the …
Published in Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 1–3 Read article
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Fleet Guard: Advanced Fleet Management and Vehicle Monitoring System
Abstract: FleetGuard: Advanced Fleet Management and Vehicle Monitoring is a game changing IoT solution, crafted using Flutter in the Dart language, set to revolutionize conventional fleet management practices. It seamlessly integrates software and hardware components, with a primary focus on Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) and GPS sensors. This innovative system offers real-time tire pressure monitoring, predictive maintenance, and driver behavior analysis, emphasizing efficiency and safety, ultimately reducing operational costs, and …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 18–24 Read article
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Technology Strategy for Improved Safety Management in Steel Industry
Abstract: In last three-four decades, complete technological revolutions have been underwent in Iron and Steel industries. In a relatively short time, the steel industry has observed the almost elimination of hazard and cost inefficient old technologies to state-of-the-art technologies. Strategy for sustainable development is to increase the production value along with other aspects such as techno-economic effectiveness, effective utilization of resources, projection of occupational health and safety, and environment of employees …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 28–40 Read article
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Addressing Global Disparities in Prosthetic Mobility: An Experimental Evaluation of Ankle-Foot Orthosis for Sustainable and Efficient Integration with Vehicle Structures and Systems
Abstract: Over the past two decades, the prosthetic foot industry has made significant advancements, greatly enhancing the quality of life for individuals with lower limb amputations in industrialized countries. However, these innovations remain out of reach for many in less developed regions due to high costs, limited durability, maintenance demands, and accessibility challenges. There is an urgent need to develop highly functional, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and resilient prosthetic feet that can …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 44–52 Read article
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Conversion of Textile Waste Yarns to Candle Product by Designing Simple Candle Producing Machine
Abstract: During the production of yarn in textile industry, there is high waste generation due to different reasons. These wastes are used for the production of candle and tapper product. In order to be competitive with companies performing similar operation, it requires changing this waste into some product. Since there is no other sector, which produces candle from waste yarn in Ethiopia, and candles are currently imported, which increases the product …
Published in Journal of Production Research & Management · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Reduce the Leakage Current and Power in VLSI Technology
Abstract: Demand for portability Reduce and increase in size, low cost, low dynamic power, low leakage current, low sub threshold current, and the necessity to minimise at least one of these. Circuit complexity increases with circuit integration. Memory and microprocessors are included in mass-produced chips. Microcomputer systems central system memory uses dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). One benefit of DRAM memory is its high speed and capacity integration. The examination of DRAM …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 19–25 Read article
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Fabrication of Paper Bricks from Paper Waste and Cement
Abstract: Paper bricks are key construction materials for buildings in general and for low cost housing in particular. To keep up with sustainable development movements and increasing competitive pressure in the industry, building materials of the future have to be of lighter weight, more energy efficient and lower cost. The use of recycled materials is also critical for long-term sustainability. The objective of this study is to develop lightweight paper brick …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 7–11 Read article