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194 articles for “Introduction”
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Introduction to Biological Networks and their Contributions to Systems Biology
Abstract: Biological networks provide a conceptual framework to represent and analyze the intricate interconnections among the numerous components that make up living systems. This review paper elucidates the foundational principles of networks and their diverse applications in systems biology, highlighting their crucial role in understanding the inherent complexity of biological processes. Utilizing graph theory, these networks represent entities like genes, proteins, and metabolites as nodes, with their interactions depicted as edges. …
Published in International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 53–70 Read article
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Machine Learning for Soil Moisture Detection: Introduction, Approaches and Challenges
Abstract: The demand for agricultural is increasing day by day as the population of the world is increasing. So, it becomes necessary for us to increase the production of agricultural products. Traditional ways of agriculture cannot meet such requirements. Nowadays, machine learning based technologies are being used to develop models for agriculture. Machine learning-based applications are very fast and produce high-quality results. It includes recurrent neural networks (RNN), convolution neural networks …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 88–96 Read article
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Introduction to Statistical Tests of Significance
Abstract: Hypothesis examination is the process in which we compare between two differing hypotheses. i.e. the null hypothesis H0 and the alternative hypothesis. As the null hypothesis is examined, a choice is either correct or incorrect. An incorrect conclusion can be produced in two methods: We can deny the null hypothesis once it is true (Type I error) or we cannot succeed to eliminate the null hypothesis when it is incorrect …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Statistics Read article
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IT Security and Intrusion Detection Systems: An Introduction
Abstract: This article deals with the current status of IT security in an industrialized country and one of the many approaches. The emphasis is on what are known as intrusion detection systems. These enable users to detect suspicious behavior and attacks in daily IT operations by analyzing data, resources, and network flows. Based on previous research, the different variants, available detection types, and their working methods are briefly explained and presented. …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 10–17 Read article
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Self Healing Material: An Introduction
Abstract: Self-healing materials have emerged as a transformative innovation for sustainable infrastructure and advanced applications such as wearable electronics and smart transportation systems. These materials possess the intrinsic ability to repair damage autonomously or with minimal external intervention, thereby extending service life and reducing maintenance costs. Inspired by biological systems, self-healing mechanisms are broadly classified into extrinsic approaches, such as microcapsule and vascular networks based healing, and intrinsic mechanisms involving reversible …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 604–611 Read article
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Comprehensive Introduction: Epoxy and Polyurethane Floor Coatings—A Critical Evaluation for Modern Industrial Applications
Abstract: Industrial flooring systems are essential for ensuring operational durability, safety, and longevity in demanding environments. Epoxy and polyurethane (PU) coatings represent two predominant technologies, each offering distinct mechanical, chemical, and aesthetic profiles tailored to specific performance requirements. Epoxy systems, formed through the crosslinking of bisphenol-A-based resins with amine hardeners, excel in high-strength, chemically aggressive settings due to their superior hardness, adhesion, and chemical inertness. In contrast, PU coatings, synthesized from …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 14–23 Read article
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Evaluation of UAV Spaying System for Droplet Size and Droplet Density Using Rotary Centrifugal Nozzles Boom
Abstract: India is the largest producer of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in the world, ranking first in both area and production. In the Konkan region, mango is the major fruit crop, with 1.10 lakh hectares of productive area dedicated to mango cultivation, resulting in an annual production of 2.6 lakh metric tons. Spraying is the most important operation in orchard crops. The newly developed spraying system was evaluated in the laboratory …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 Read article
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Automated Fault Identification and Tracking in Power Transmission Networks Using GPS
Abstract: Power transmission lines are vulnerable to faults caused by environmental factors, aging infrastructure, and external disturbances such as falling trees or animal contact. Prompt and accurate detection and location of these faults are essential to ensure uninterrupted power delivery, reduce equipment damage, and minimize downtime. This project presents an automatic fault detection and location system using GPS technology integrated with a microcontroller-based sensing module. The proposed system continuously monitors voltage …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 37–43 Read article
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Patterns and Variations in Complementary Feeding Practices Among Mothers of Children Aged 6–24 Months Attending Immunization Clinics in Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India
Abstract: Introduction: Complementary feeding introduces solid or semisolid foods to an infant’s diet while breastfeeding. In India, feeding infants and young children is determined by their socioeconomic status, cultural practices, and healthcare access. The study assesses the feeding practices of mothers with children aged 6–24 months who come for immunization at Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 350 mothers selected through systematic random sampling. A structured questionnaire …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 43–53 Read article
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Study on Employee Mental Health and Stress Management Due to Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
Abstract: The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics in the workplace raises important questions about the impact of these technologies on employee mental health and stress management. This study aims to explore the potential effects of these technologies on employee mental health, wellbeing and stress levels. The study will focus on the role of AI and robotics in the workplace, the potential impacts of these technologies on employee mental health …
Published in International Journal of Robotics and Automation in Mechanics · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 27–30 Read article
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Acoustic or Sonic Log Analysis Identifying the Subsurface Geophysical Changes in Hydrocarbon Bearing Zones in Oil and Gas Potential Sedimentary Basins
Abstract: The introduction of acoustic/sonic logs to oil and gas industry is barely decades old. But, even within such a short span of time it has become an integral part of most of the modern logging programmes. With the recent introduction of acoustic scope pictures, this may even hold a promise of making the old dream of seeing the hydrocarbon in situ come true. In this paper, an attempt has been …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 22–35 Read article
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Evaluation Of the Quality of Sleep in Healthy Individuals Based on Practice of (CYP)- A Pilot Study.
Abstract: Introduction-Sleep is basic requirement of all living beings. Specially, in human beings it is considered as one of the supportive factor of existence. Ahara(food), Nidra(sleep) and Bramhacharya(righteous conduct/celibacy) are the three factors explained in classical texts as Traya Upastambha(Tripods). Not only Ayurveda literatures, its description and importance is available in Upanishads too. Mandukya Upanishad has allotted a full chapter on sleep and consciousness. But, as the era has entered into …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga and Naturopathy · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 40–47 Read article
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Exploring Molecular Spectroscopy: Insights into Chemical Structures and Interaction
Abstract: A key tool for understanding the dynamics, structure, and interactions of molecules is molecular spectroscopy. This abstract outlines the key principles and techniques employed in modern molecular spectroscopy, highlighting its significance in various scientific disciplines. The focus is on the principles of absorption, emission, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation by molecules, leading to valuable insights into molecular properties. The abstract begins by discussing the basic principles of molecular spectroscopy, emphasizing …
Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 11–16 Read article
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The Issues for Introducing Green Hydro-electricity and Electric Vehicles in Transport: Energy Sector of South Asian Region
Abstract: The rapidly developing South Asian region has immense potential of amassing huge personal car population in upcoming years requiring supply of vast amount of fossil fuel whereas this region has no sizable fossil fuel reserve. This paper investigates the potential of hydro-electricity generation from Nepal and Bhutan areas of the region, electric vehicle introduction in increasing proportion for changing the course of unsustainable transport-energy trend in this region and achieving …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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The Evolution and Impact of Numbers: From Ancient Tallies to Quantum Computing: Review Article on Numbers
Abstract: Numbers are among the most fundamental constructs in human civilization, serving as the backbone of mathematics, science, technology, and virtually every aspect of daily life. They represent not only quantities and measures but also relationships, structures, and patterns that underpin the fabric of human understanding. From the earliest tallies etched on bones by prehistoric humans to the sophisticated numerical systems embedded in today’s artificial intelligence and quantum computing, the evolution …
Published in Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 15–19 Read article
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Impact of Missionary in Tribal Language
Abstract: The introduction of Christian missionaries to the tribal areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America had a deep influence on local languages, cultures, and identities. Although the promotion of Christianity is the first thing that comes to the mind when thinking of the work of missionaries, their language engagement has impacted literacy, education, and cultural preservation in many ways and for a long time. This study focuses on the first …
Published in Emerging Trends in Languages · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 18–26 Read article
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An overview of fractal antennas
Abstract: Wireless communication for wireless applications is growing at a faster rate these days. There is a greater need for low-profile, multiband or wideband antennas. With the elevated low-profile antennas are in high demand due to advancements in antenna technology. The fractal antenna's self-similarity and self-repetitive characteristics enable it to satisfy this requirement. I give a thorough overview of fractals in this review paper, going on to discuss their dimensions and …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Recognition and Detection of Content in Video Using OpenCV
Abstract: The emergence and continued reliance on the Internet and related technologies has resulted in massive amounts of data that can be analysed. Humans, on the other hand, do not have the cognitive abilities to comprehend such vast amounts of data. Machine learning (ML) is a mechanism that enables humans to process large amounts of data, gain insights into the data's behaviour, and make more informed decisions based on the analysis's …
Published in International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Read article
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AQUASOMES: A Vesicular, Self-assembled Ceramic Nanoparticulate Drug Carrier
Abstract: Nano-biopharmaceutics involves delivery of biopharmaceutical product through different biomaterials like multi-functional nanoparticles, quantum dots, aquasomes, super-paramagnetic iron oxide crystals, and liposomes dendrimers. Aquasomes are considered as one of the most recently developed delivery systems for bioactive molecules like peptides, proteins, hormones, antigens and genes to specific sites. Aquasomes have a spherical shape and a particle size of 60–300 nm. These are three layered self-assembled nano-particulate carrier system. This three-layered structure …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Molecular Characterization of Circulating Rota Viral Strain causing infantile diarrhoea in Tripura, North East India
Abstract: Introduction: North Eastern India is geographically distinct from rest of India and the trend of Rota viral diarrhoea among children below 5 years of age group is not well studied yet. The Government of India introduced the oral rotavirus vaccine (ROTAVAC) in 2016 as part of the Universal Immunization Programme in different parts of India. Objective: (1). To determine the proportion of circulating Rotavirus strains causing acute viral gastroenteritis (AGE) …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 6–13 Read article