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56 articles for “neurons”
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A Numerical Model to Study Effect of Potential-Dependent Influx on Calcium Diffusion in Neuron Cells
Abstract: Electrical activity within the brain rapidly encodes information about the world but for these fleeting perceptions to have a lasting impact, long-term changes in the structure and function of neurons must follow. At the synapse, neurotransmitter reception initiates a number of biochemical signaling cascades in the postsynaptic cells, one of the most important of which is the elevation of intracellular calcium. Early events induced by the rise of calcium in …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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A Short Review on Long-Term Effects of Botox on Neuronal Sprouting: Mechanisms and Its Clinical Implications
Abstract: Botulinum toxin (Botox) is extensively used for its ability to induce temporary muscle paralysis through inhibition of acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions. While its short-term effects are well documented, emerging evidence suggests that chronic use of Botox may trigger neuronal sprouting, a process that could have significant long-term implications. This review synthesizes current research on the mechanisms by which Botox induces nerve sprouting and evaluates the clinical outcomes associated with …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 72–87 Read article
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Dysarthria and Dysphagia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Study
Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease affecting the bulbar, limb and respiratory muscles. ALS is generally characterized by progressive degeneration of both upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) dysfunction leading to a ‘mixed’ spastic-flaccid dysarthria. To date, only a few studies have been published regarding the nature of speech characteristics and dysphagia during the developmental course of ALS. The present study highlighted …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 12–19 Read article
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Structure based pharmacophore Modelling of compounds against Neurodegenerative disorder – Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis
Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons, leading to muscle dysfunction, paralysis, and eventually death. These diseases are classified as ALS variations because autopsies reveal abnormalities in both upper and lower motor neurons. These disorders account for only 10% of all adult-onset motor neuron disease cases. Despite extensive research efforts, effective therapeutic interventions for ALS remain limited. Structure-based pharmacophore modeling …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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Study on Neuralink Chip: Brain–Computer Interface
Abstract: Neuralink, established by Elon Musk in 2016, is a neurotechnology firm focused on creating advanced brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) with enhanced data transfer capabilities. These interfaces aim to enable individuals to communicate more effectively and gain a deeper understanding of interactions with computers and other devices. One of the company's best experiences is the development of a new implantable device called the Neuralink chip. The Neuralink chip is a small device …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 43–48 Read article
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Glial Cells in Viral and Bacterial Infections
Abstract: The Central nervous system consists of neurons and glial cells. Neurons constitute about half the volume of the CNS and glial cells make up the rest. They are also known as supporting cells of the nervous system. The three types of CNS supporting cells are Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes and microglia. The supporting cells of Peripheral Nervous System are known as Schwann cells. The main functions of glial cells are to surround …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 13–21 Read article
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A Review on Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Parkinsons’s Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Its Future Challenges
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a long-term, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that mainly occurs in people older than 60 years, affecting nearly 1% of this population. It is chiefly marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, a crucial brain region responsible for controlling motor functions. The resultant dopamine deficiency significantly disrupts motor control, manifesting in clinical symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and postural instability. While PD …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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Parsing of Sensory Perception in Oscillatory Networks Through Cross Frequency Coupling of Memory Synchronization: Revelation of Enhanced Learning by Autistic Brain
Abstract: The brain faces many complex problems when dealing with multidimensional signals, which is usually experienced as unitary precepts. We used neuronal spike patterns to determine synchronization dynamics of neuronal activity for computer-generated color patterns in aid of synchronization of neuronal activity for memory formation in autistic subjects. In particular, this gives functional organization of neuronal circuits and interesting relationships between these oscillations and interneuronal coupling that suggest an enhanced mechanism …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: Past, Present and Future
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common chronic progressive nervous system disorders of aging. Cell degeneration and death of dopamine neurons (DA neurons) in the substantial nigra, is the underlying feature of PD. Genetic studies showed much about the physiological processes associated with this disease. Replacing the cells lost by injury or disease has become a central idea aiming at the development of novel therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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The Overlook on Neuro-Genomics: Review
Abstract: Neuro-Genomics is where all the neurology cases with hereditary traits are getting diagnosed though the modern laboratory medicine techniques. It is very important to know about Human body and its complication neuro structure including the genetic components with respect to hereditary patterns and traits. The impact of 1000 genome project is very significant, since the switch between the genetics to genomics screening came to daily practice in clinical world. In …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 38–43 Read article
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Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Decline: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment Approaches
Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases gradually destroy nerve cells, often leading to fatal outcomes. The phrase includes a wide range of clinical problems, such as a variety of Neurological conditions include movement disorders, like Parkinson’s disease (PD) and progressive cognitive impairments, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) being the most common among them. A loss of neurones and synaptic connections, typically in later life, is a prevalent feature of Usually, the onset and development of …
Published in International Journal of Cell Biology and Cellular Functions · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 47–59 Read article
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An Overview of Artificially Generated Neural Networks Inside the Brain’s Structure in an Alzheimer’s Disease Patient
Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease produces significant neuronal loss, while the precise mechanisms and timing are yet unknown. Other types of cell death, such necroptosis, parthanatosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis, need further investigation. Based on brain images of people with mild cognitive impairment, this study assesses artificial neural networks (ANNs) used to diagnose and predict Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This research was conducted considering growing recognition among researchers and medical professionals regarding the importance of …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Circadian Regulation of Lipid Peroxidation in the Brain: Linking Ferroptosis to Neurodegenerative Vulnerability
Abstract: The human brain operates through highly coordinated physiological and biochemical processes that regulate cognition, behavior, and neural adaptability. Central to these processes are mechanisms governing brain function, neurophysiology, and neuroplasticity, which are increasingly recognized to be influenced by circadian rhythms. Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience, neuroimaging, and behavioral neuroscience have revealed that disruptions in circadian regulation can significantly impact oxidative balance within the brain, particularly through enhanced lipid peroxidation. Lipid …
Published in International Journal of Brain Sciences · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Stress Detection System Using Internet of Things
Abstract: A change in electrical potential is caused by the confluence of hundreds of brain neurons, which is reflected by a brainwave. When a neuron has accumulated enough energy, it receives messages from nearby neurons and begins a cyclic discharge process. People also emit brainwaves on a regular basis for this reason. According to researchers at Michigan University's Laboratory of Brain Recognition and Behavior, long-term multitasking reduces productivity, and filtering out …
Published in Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 16–21 Read article
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A Rare Case Report on Familial Dysautonomia (Familial Dysautonomia)
Abstract: Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a genetic disorder of neurodevelopment within classification of both hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies, each caused by a different genetic error. IKBKAP gene is responsible for the genetic error in FD. The maintenance and development of neurons occur because there is neuropathological and clinical progression. Pathological alterations consist of decreased unmyelinated and small-fiber neurons. The clinical features reflect involvement of both sensory and autonomic neurons. Sensory …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 15–18 Read article
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Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of a Neurological Disorder
Abstract: The inflammatory illness known as multiple sclerosis (MS) is brought on by outside influences that affect a biologically vulnerable host. It has 3 separate diagnostic phases: the pre-clinical phase, which can only be discovered by MRI; the relapsing-remitting (RRMS) phase, which again is defined by bouts of neurological malfunction accompanied by remission; and the progressing phase, which often develops from either the relapse phase. Unfortunately, the majority of relapse MS …
Published in International Journal of Genetic Modifications and Recombinations · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 53–71 Read article
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Artificial Neural Network Based Prediction of Impact Loads and Thickness in CFRP and GFRP Composite Laminates
Abstract: Recent technological advancements, particularly the integration of neural networks, have facilitated a predictive approach to complex engineering problems, especially those involving composite materials with directional properties. The scarcity of literature on predicting impact damage using experimental and ultrasonic flaw detection data motivated this study. Experimental assessment of impact damage on carbon fiber/epoxy (CFRP) and glass fiber/epoxy (GFRP) composites was conducted using low-velocity drop weight impact testing. Damage assessment employed an …
Published in International Journal of Fracture Mechanics and Damage Science · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 34–45 Read article
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Exploring Practical Applications of Artificial Neural Networks: A Review
Abstract: Computational models called artificial neural networks (ANNs) are modeled after the structure of the human brain. These models are designed to process information and learn from data. Artificial neural networks, or ANNs, are composed of interconnected artificial neurons layered to resemble the brain's neural network.. Through training, ANNs adjust the connections between neurons based on labeled data, enabling them to recognize patterns and perform specific tasks. Despite their efficacy in …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Applications of Artificial Neural Network in Construction Engineering and Management: An Academic Literature Review and Direction for Future Research
Abstract: One of the artificial intelligence topics is artificial neural network in whichdata processing system is the idea of the human brain.The cause of processing data is many processorsthat treat in parallel form in order to solve the problem.The applications of artificial neural network with neuron model and different network architecture can be used to estimate, predict and modelling of complex problems in construction management. In order to bridge the gap …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 24–38 Read article
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Improvement of Motor and Sensory–Motor Behaviors after the Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Transplantation in 6-OHDA Lesioned Corpus Striatum of Wistar Albino Rats
Abstract: Deficits in apomorphine-induced rotation and rotarod in rat have been proposed as a nondrug-induced model of the akinesia associated with the Parkinson’s disease. In the present study, we examined the disabilities in the rotarod and apomorphine-induced rotations have been observed after the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced denervation in the striatum. These impaired activities have reversed after the Human Amniotic Epithelial (HAE) cells transplantation during long-term observation. The neuronal densities and diameter were reduced …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 34–45 Read article