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228 articles for “chlorides”
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Service Life Prediction of Concretes Incorporated with Fly Ash and Alccofine with respect to Chloride Ion Penetration
Abstract: Chloride-induced corrosion poses a significant threat to the degradation of reinforced concrete structures, especially in extreme environments such as marine and industrial exposure conditions, where the damage can be particularly severe. This study provides an experimental investigation utilizing three distinct water-binder ratios (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) applied to three types of concrete mixtures: conventional concrete, concrete blended with 40% fly ash, and concrete blended with 40% fly ash and 2% …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 202–213 Read article
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Impact of Grape Seed Extract on Liver Function against Cadmium Chloride-Induced Toxicity
Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of grape seed and to benefit from the impact of grape seed on hepatotoxicity mediated by cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Gas liquid chromatography (GC-MS) was used to assay the chemical profile. A total of 40 male rats (10 rats per group) were divided into four groups: (1) control group, (2) grape seed group: rats treated with grape seed extract (GSE) at …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 30–39 Read article
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Assessment of Chlorides In The Water Samples And Its Absorption By Thermosetting Polymer Phenol Formaldehyde Resin
Abstract: Assessing chloride levels in water samples is critical for monitoring water quality and ensuring environmental and public health protection. This study presents a comprehensive methodology for estimating chloride concentrations in water samples through various analytical techniques, including titration. Results obtained from each method were compared and discussed to evaluate their accuracy, and applicability in different environmental settings. The data shows that the samalkot drinking water sample has a relatively high …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 91–98 Read article
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Realization of Potassium Chloride Sensor Using 2D Photonic Crystal Structure
Abstract: In the present study, the concentration of potassium chloride in their aqueous solution is investigated using optical sensor. Optical sensor is realized by 2D photonic crystal structure (PCS), which is made up of silicon materials (background/substrate) consisting of 8×8 air holes containing aqueous potassium chloride solution. The principle of measurement is based on logarithmic variation of photonic band gap (PBG) with respect to different concentrations of potassium chloride. The PBG …
Published in Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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HPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Succinic Acid and Succinylmonocholine in Succinylcholine Chloride Injection
Abstract: Succinylcholine chloride injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution to be used as a short-acting, depolarizing, skeletal muscle relaxant. The injection is administered as IM or IV use. Succinylcholine chloride, USP is chemically designated C14H30N2O4 and its molecular weight is 290.399. Succinylcholine chloride has three known impurities: (1) Doublet peak, (2) Succinic acid and (3) Succinylmonocholine chloride. Out of these impurities, succinic acid and succinylmonocholine chloride are degradation impurities, whereas …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 52–60 Read article
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Service Life Prediction of Concretes Incorporated with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Icrete with respect to Chloride Ion Penetration
Abstract: The reduced service life of concrete structures in coastal or de-icing salt conditions is commonly attributed to corrosion generated by chloride. Therefore, extensive research is being conducted to estimate the time taken for threshold chloride ions to reach the reinforcement and break the protective layer, initiating the corrosive process. This study conducted an experimental investigation on controlled concrete, concrete incorporating 50% GGBS, and concrete incorporating both 50% GGBS and 2% …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 214–226 Read article
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Durability Assessment of Geopolymer and OPC Concretes under Chloride and Sulphate Chemical Attack
Abstract: The main problems with durable concrete constructions are attacks by sulphates and chlorides on concrete. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate how the strength properties of concrete are affected by the incorporation of fly ash when exposed to environmental conditions involving sulphate and chloride solutions. In this research, geopolymer concrete (GPC) is utilized as a replacement for conventional ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The concrete composition is prepared …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 5, 2025 · pp. 202–218 Read article
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Removal of Chloride from Ground Water Using Natural Adsorbent: Water Hyacinth
Abstract: Groundwater contaminants in rural areas often include chlorides and hardness. Nowadays, due to water scarcity, there is a need to utilize groundwater for construction purposes. According to IS 456:2000, the chloride content in water used for mixing and curing concrete must not exceed 2000 mg/l for plain concrete and 500 mg/l for reinforced concrete work. An excess amount of chloride in water causes the deterioration of structures. Concrete durability and …
Published in International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 49–55 Read article
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Formulation and Evaluation of Chewable Toothpaste Tablet Containing Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Abstract: The study’s goal was to create an effective formulation of Cetylpyridinium chloride chewable toothpaste pills. Cetylpyridinium chloride is a cationic quaternary ammonium chemical that has significant bactericidal, antiseptic, antiplaque, and anti-gingivitis effects. Cetylpyridinium chloride is an antiseptic with antimicrobial activities against a variety of oral bacteria and fungi. It has antiplaque and gingivitis properties. It is used therapeutically as an antiseptic agent; used alone or in combination with other drugs …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 9–17 Read article
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Investigation on Properties of Water and Methylene Chloride Blown Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Abstract: Physical properties are important parameters which influence the other properties and performance of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). Water and methylene chloride are the important ingredients of RPUF which act as blowing agents and influence the density, morphology and fire properties. RPUF samples were prepared from crude 4, 4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (CMDI), polyether polyol, triethylene diamine (TED), 1, 4-butane diol, polysiloxane ether, water and methylene chloride. RPUF with different densities were prepared …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 46–54 Read article
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Anodic Polarization Study on Steel Bar in Concrete Powder Solution Extracts Contaminated with Chloride and Sulfate Salts
Abstract: In present work, anodic polarization tests are conducted on different steel specimens to find out corrosion zone potentials of various corrosion zones. The tests are done in the concrete powder solution extracts contaminated with the varying levels of admixed chloride and sulfate salts, at varying w/c ratios and cement types. The admixed chloride content is fixed at 3.5% and the sulfate content is used as 0, 2.5 and 5%, by …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 22–28 Read article
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Alkylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquids as Green Additives in Rubber Composites: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: The growing emphasis on sustainable and environmentally friendly materials has underscored the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as green additives in polymer science. Alkylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids (ACLs) have emerged as viable possibilities for improving the performance of rubber composites while minimizing the environmental impact of conventional processing aids. This research conducts a thorough examination of the function of ACls in rubber technology, focusing on their physicochemical features, interaction mechanisms …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 4, 2025 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Growth and Studies of Strontium Chloride Doped Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystals
Abstract: Single crystals of undoped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and strontium chloride doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate were grown by a solution method. It is found that SCADP crystal belongs to the tetragonal crystal system with I-42d space group. It is seen that both undoped and strontium chloride doped ADP crystals crystallize in the same tetragonal system and the incorporation of dopant does not alter the crystal system. This is due to …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 89–100 Read article
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Impact of water-cement ratio and cement content on pore area percentage and chloride diffusion – A molecular dynamics study
Abstract: The exposure of a reinforced structure to water-based settings leads to the occurrence of chloride-induced corrosion, resulting in a reduction in both the durability and performance of the structure. The entry of chloride ions into concrete and the pore area percentage is influenced by several elements, including the degree of humidity, the presence of fractures, environmental conditions, water-to-cement ratio (w/c ratio), and cement content. This research focuses on the utilization …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 37–45 Read article
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Evaluate The Engineering Properties of Low Load-Carrying Capacity of Expansive Soil by Using Magnesium Chloride and Dry Leaf Ash Powder
Abstract: The swell-shrink behavior of expansive soils poses numerous challenges with the substructure and distress in infrastructures such as buildings, pavements, breast walls, etc. The behavior of expanding soil has been carefully examined by geotechnical engineers, who have then put adequate management techniques into place. Present investigation intends to investigate potential benefits of dry leaf ash (DLA) powder and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) to enhance geological characteristics of soil, particularly addressing problems …
Published in Journal of Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 33–45 Read article
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Diaminoglyoxime Palladium (II) Chloride As An Efficient Catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction under Aerobic Conditions in H2O/EtOH Solution
Abstract: The preparation of diaminoglyoxime palladium (II) chloride (PdCl2/DAG complex) and the use of this catalytic system in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions under aerobic and phosphine-free conditions in aqueous solutions is studied. Aryl halides, coupled with phenylboronic acids smoothly afford the corresponding cross-coupling products with excellent yields (80–98%). The catalytic system showed excellent performance for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of less reactive aryl chlorides with aryl boronic acids. The reaction conditions have …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 35–43 Read article
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Method of Analysis for Chloride Distribution in Concrete from Torrent Data
Abstract: Design w/c ratio becomes less important than achieved cover performance in the case of existing structure. Therefore, inspection data of chloride profile from some real structures do not always obey the rule of Fick’s law, suggesting the influence of a new parameter. In this study, chloride ion profiles and behavior of penetrating water for normal, fly ash and slag concrete with w/c ratio as 40, 55, and 70%, respectively, cast …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 10–19 Read article
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Molecular structure, Vibrational spectroscopic, HOMO, LUMO, NBO, and NLO studies of 4-Cyano-2-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride
Abstract: The vibrational spectroscopic studies of 4-Cyano-2-methoxybenzenesulfonyl Chloride (4C2MBSC) were carried out. 4C2MBSC and its derivatives present in many biologically active compounds. The spectroscopic properties and chemical significance in particular, sulfonyl chloride and its derivatives have been studied extensively by spectroscopic (FTIR spectra) and theoretical methods. The infrared spectrum of this compound was recorded in condensed states. The molecular geometry, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), first …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 8–18 Read article
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The Effect of Telmisartan on the Rats Kidney Treated of 8% Sodium Chloride
Abstract: Noncommunicable (NCD) illnesses are the world's greatest executioner which caused 36 million passings consistently 63% of all passings universally. The expansion of NCD commonness, for example, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) and weight causes the bring up of persistent kidney infection (CKD) pervasiveness about 8% per year. The increment of blood pressures generally is brought about by blend of numerous components. Epidemiologic evidences show that hereditary, stress and natural factor assume …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 18–22 Read article
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STUDY OF THE RHEOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DISPOSED POLYPROPYLENE AND POLYVINYL CHLORIDE BINARY MIXTURES
Abstract: In this study, various compositions were prepared by modifying the decommissioned polypropylene (PP)-based polymer waste with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in different proportions for the purpose of modification, and the flow index and physical and mechanical properties of their alloys were studied. As a result of the research, the following results were obtained. PP/PVC binary compositions were prepared and samples were obtained based on 6 different proportions by changing the amount …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 Read article