Journal of Polymer & Composites Original Research Special issue Open Access
Service Life Prediction of Concretes Incorporated with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Icrete with respect to Chloride Ion Penetration
Abstract
The reduced service life of concrete structures in coastal or de-icing salt conditions is commonly attributed to corrosion generated by chloride. Therefore, extensive research is being conducted to estimate the time taken for threshold chloride ions to reach the reinforcement and break the protective layer, initiating the corrosive process. This study conducted an experimental investigation on controlled concrete, concrete incorporating 50% GGBS, and concrete incorporating both 50% GGBS and 2% Icrete as the replacement of cementitious materials, with three different water-cement ratios (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5). The comparison was made based on their compressive strength, chloride ion concentration at different depths, chloride diffusion coefficient, and their service life. The results indicate that the concrete incorporating both GGBS and Icrete performed better than that of the controlled concrete and concrete incorporating GGBS only, in terms of higher compressive strength, reduced chloride ion penetration, reduced chloride ion diffusion coefficient, and higher service life
Keywords
References (25)
- J. R. Clifton and D. J. Naus, “Service- Life Prediction Reported by ACI Committee 365. ACI 365.1R-00,” p. 44, 2000.
- E. Services and G. S. Canada, “Service life prediction of concrete structures by reliability analysis,” vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 45–55, 1996.
- Alexander M, Beushausen H. Durability, service life prediction, and modelling for reinforced concrete structures – review and critique. Cement and Concrete Research. 2019;122:17-29. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.04.018
- A. Poursaee, Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures, vol. 61, no. 1. 2016. [Online]. Available: https://medium.com/@arifwicaksanaa/pengertian-use-case-a7e576e1b6bf
- Martı́n-Pérez B, Zibara H, Hooton RD, Thomas MDA. A study of the effect of chloride binding on service life predictions. Cement and Concrete Research. 2000;30(8):1215-1223. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00339-2
- Zhang Z, Niu Q, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Liu M. Durability Life Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Structure Corroded by Chloride Based on the Gamma Process. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering. 2021;7(4). doi:10.1061/ajrua6.0001181
- Firouzi A, Abdolhosseini M, Ayazian R. Service life prediction of corrosion-affected reinforced concrete columns based on time-dependent reliability analysis. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2020;117:104944. doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104944
- Ortega NF, Robles SI. Assessment of Residual Life of concrete structures affected by reinforcement corrosion. HBRC Journal. 2016;12(2):114-122. doi:10.1016/j.hbrcj.2014.11.003
- G. Koch, J. Varney, N. Thompson, O. Moghissi, M. Gould, and J. Payer, “International measures of prevention, application, and economics of corrosion technologies study,” NACE Int. Impact, no. February, pp. 1–216, 2016.
- Liang MT, Wang KL, Liang CH. Service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures. Cement and Concrete Research. 1999;29(9):1411-1418. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(99)00109-x
- Otieno M, Beushausen H, Alexander M. Effect of chemical composition of slag on chloride penetration resistance of concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2014;46:56-64. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.11.003
- IS:269, “Indian Standard Ordinary Portland Cement - Specification,” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. pp. 1–9, 2015.
- IS 16714, “Indian Standard Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag for Use in Cement, Mortar and Concrete- Code of Practice.” 2018.
- IS:14959 (Part 2), “Indian Standard DETERMINATION OF WATER SOLUBLE AND ACID SOLUBLE CHLORIDES IN MORTAR AND CONCRETE — METHOD OF TEST.” pp. 1–13, 2001.
- Li K. Durability Design of Concrete Structures. 2016. doi:10.1002/9781118910108
- Costa A, Appleton J. Chloride penetration into concrete in marine environment—Part I: Main parameters affecting chloride penetration. Materials and Structures. 1999;32(4):252-259. doi:10.1007/bf02479594
- Andrade JJO, Possan E, Dal Molin DCC. Considerations about the service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures inserted in chloride environments. Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation. 2017;2(1). doi:10.1007/s41024-017-0025-x
- Fédération internationale du béton., Model code for service life design : model code. 2006.
- Li Z, Jin Z, Zhao T, Wang P, Zhao L, Xiong C, et al. Service Life Prediction of Reinforced Concrete in a Sea-Crossing Railway Bridge in Jiaozhou Bay: A Case Study. Applied Sciences. 2019;9(17):3570. doi:10.3390/app9173570
- Mangat PS, Limbachiya MC. Effect of initial curing on chloride diffusion in concrete repair materials. Cement and Concrete Research. 1999;29(9):1475-1485. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(99)00130-1
- Mangat PS, Molloy BT. Prediction of long term chloride concentration in concrete. Materials and Structures. 1994;27(6):338-346. doi:10.1007/bf02473426
- Thomas MDA, Bamforth PB. Modelling chloride diffusion in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 1999;29(4):487-495. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(98)00192-6
- Sun YM, Chang TP, Liang MT. Service Life Prediction for Concrete Structures by Time-Depth Dependent Chloride Diffusion Coefficient. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2010;22(11):1187-1190. doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000098
- Lehner P, Koubová L, Rosmanit M. Study of Effect of Reference Time of Chloride Diffusion Coefficient in Numerical Modelling of Durability of Concrete. Buildings. 2022;12(9):1443. doi:10.3390/buildings12091443
- Oner A, Akyuz S. An experimental study on optimum usage of GGBS for the compressive strength of concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2007;29(6):505-514. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.01.001