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18 articles for “Loop Filter”
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Characterization of Low Power-Low Jitter Digital PLL
Abstract: The architecture design is being done in transistor level and tool which supports transistor level design. Mentor Graphics Tool is used for transistor level design and its simulation design. There are few tools which support design simulation like HSpice, Spectre and PSpice. Also a foundry support is from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (TSMC) (i.e.) technology model files 180 nm from TSMC for simulation. This article presents design for 1.5 GHz …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 23–32 Read article
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Open-Loop Resonator with Interdigital Capacitor Bandpass Filter For Wireless Application
Abstract: In this paper bandpass filter have been designed and simulate using two open loop resonator with polygonal forms and to enlarge the bandwidth by using interdigital capacitor in between two open loop resonators. The overall filter dimensions are 8 x 16 mm² using Rogers Ro 3010 with thickness of 1.5 mm and relative permittivity 10.2 The centre frequency of 2.45 GHz and -3dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 12.3% with return …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 22–25 Read article
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Compact Microstrip Band-pass Filter Using Open-loop Square Shaped DGS
Abstract: This paper presents to implement a compact microstrip band-pass filter with open-loop square dumbbell-shaped defected ground structure (DGS). This filter is designed at 2.1 GHz center frequency. The prototype filter is with defected ground structure to provide higher order quasi-elliptic filtering and it reports the return loss of 39 dB with a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 880 MHz. The bandwidth of the band-pass filter can be easily controlled by …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 11–14 Read article
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Implementation of Kalman Filter Using TDC and PLL for Object Detection and Tracking in Signal Processing
Abstract: The measurement uncertainty of GPS receivers is dependent on a wide range of external factors, including receiver clock precision, thermal noise, atmospheric influences, and minute variations in satellite positions. Estimating hidden states precisely and accurately in the face of uncertainty is one of the main problems facing tracking and control systems. Among the most significant and widely used estimate methods is the Kalman Filter. It uses imprecise and erratic measurements …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 38–47 Read article
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All-Digital Phase Locked Loop (ADPLL) as an Intellectual Property (IP) Core for an Application-specified Integrated Circuit (ASIC) Product: A Survey
Abstract: An all-digital phase locked loop (ADPLL) plays a great role in decreasing the development time of an application-specified integrated circuit (ASIC) products and helps to meet the time-to market requirement of product, because an ADPLL can be used as an IP core, so it is easily reusable in any design. Now a days ADPLL is being widely used in various fields such as control systems and digital communication systems. This …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 12–17 Read article
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Implementation of DCC technique using differential amplifier based filter in 90nm CMOS technology
Abstract: Analog technique with feedback loop is applied to correct the duty cycle of any circuit without using more power. Pulse width modification is used to vary the duty cycle of clock signal. PMC cell is designed for expansion and contraction of pulse width. Differential amplifier based filter is used to detect the duty cycle of the particular clock signal. Differential amplifier and OpAmp are used to achieve adequate gain. The …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 13–22 Read article
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Digital Front-End Architecture of ECG Acquisition System with 0.5V Supply
Abstract: AbstractDue to the popularity of portable electronic products, low power systems have attracted more attention in recent years. Dynamic power consumption remains to be the biggest contributor to the total power consumption of a hardware design. A new power efficient electrocardiogram acquisition system that uses a fully digital architecture to reduce the power consumption and chip area has been proposed in this paper. The design of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 11–20 Read article
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Adaptive Machine Learning Framework for Navigation Control of Autonomous Drones
Abstract: The rise of autonomous drones has expanded UAV applications across sectors like surveillance, delivery, agriculture, and rescue operations. However, traditional navigation systems face limitations in adapting to dynamic environments. This study proposes an AI-driven adaptive navigation framework that leverages real-time sensor data, reinforcement learning, and adaptive control strategies to enhance drone autonomy, scalability, and security. The system processes mission inputs, environmental data (from LiDAR, cameras, GPS, and weather sensors), and …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Model based Tuning of PID Controller
Abstract: In this paper PID controller with Internal Model Control tuning method (IMC-PID) is presented for robust operation. The implementation of IMC is simplified in large class of industrial applications as the process dynamics can be adequately characterized by a First Order plus Delay Time (FOPDT) model. Tuning of the controller is easily done by adjusting the filter time constant which provides improved performance and robustness of the closed loop system. …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 16–22 Read article
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Management of Domestic Water Closed Loop System
Abstract: The paper describes a new technological process to reuse, thermally and hydraulically, the water inhome installations. The aim of the process is to reduce water wasting and take advantage of residualthermal energy to minimize energy expenditure. The system is especially developed for homeinstallations although it is also suitable for larger facilities. Filtering processes based on porous mediaensure the physical and chemical water quality while chlorination or disinfection by ultravioletradiation guarantees …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 12–22 Read article
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Simulation Results of Harmonic Compensation by Using PQ Based PI Controller for Grid Connected Current Controlled DG Unit
Abstract: With the development of new technologies and electronic devices, one of the main topics of special concern is the aspect of power quality, amongst which control and prediction of harmonics are of utmost importance. The presence of harmonics caused by nonlinear loads which are common in industrial plants and large scale office buildings means a threat to the sensitive equipments like that of computers, adjustable speed drives, power electronics load …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 64–72 Read article
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LQR-Based Optimal Control of Inverted Pendulum System with State Estimation and Stability Analysis
Abstract: The inverted pendulum on a cart is a canonical benchmark problem in control systems engineering, capturing the essential challenges of stabilizing an inherently unstable, underactuated, and nonlinear plant. Classical Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers, while widely employed in industrial practice, exhibit fundamental performance limitations when applied to such systems, primarily due to their inability to account for multivariable coupling, process noise, and the absence of a systematic optimization framework. This paper presents …
Published in International Journal of Advanced Control and System Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 31–43 Read article
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Introduction to Multiphysics Simulation for Integrated PCB Design and Operation AI Environment Analysis on Behalf of EMI/EMC
Abstract: Modern trend of PCB (Print Circuit Boards) designing are highly complex and unpredictable. User requirements make the PCB compact and faster nowadays. To make the PCB compact and faster in nature, multidimensional PCBs are trending nowadays. Although multidimensional PCBs are better in size and speed but also have some irrelevant issues like resonance, crosstalk, power/ground bounce and simultaneous switching noise (SSN). All irrelevant issues are responsible for EMI (Electromagnetic Interference). …
Published in Journal of Mechatronics and Automation · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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Speed Estimation of High-Speed Hysteresis Motor Based on Extended Kalman Filter
Abstract: High-speed hysteresis motors are used in special industries such as medical centrifuges and gyroscopes. In spite of that, they are synchronous motors in some situations they may work in asynchronous speed. So, for reliable performance of hysteresis motor, closed loop control strategies are employed. On this way, speed/position of rotor must be known. Due to difficulty of using the speed sensors in high-speed hysteresis motor drives, employing the speed estimation …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 34–44 Read article
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Closed Loop Control of Multi Level Inverter Tied with 415 V AC Source Using SV-PWM for Renewable Energy
Abstract: In this work, 415 V AC source is interfaced with three-level diode clamped inverter in which renewable energy source is used as a DC source, solar energy is used which is most popular renewable energy source. The obtained DC from the solar irradiation is fed to MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) to utilize voltage at maximum power (DC). The perturb and observe technique is used in this work to track …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 55–65 Read article
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Identifying and Blocking of Non-productive Calls in Emergency Call System Using Machine Learning and IVRS Integration
Abstract: The Dial 100 emergency reaction gadget handles over 1,000,000 calls every day, with over 95% being unproductive, such as blank, machine-generated, and spoofed calls. These futile calls waste resources and put off responses to actual emergencies. This look presents a comprehensive solution integrating advanced name evaluation, system learning, and an interactive voice response system (IVRS) to filter out and prevent these calls. Our technique starts with studying incoming calls to …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 20–28 Read article
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AI Driven IoT based Satellite remote sensing system: KSK Approach in Satellite Remote Sensing
Abstract: The convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and satellite remote sensing has traditionally been bottlenecked by massive data latency and limited downlink bandwidth. This paper proposes a decentralized framework for an "AI-Driven IoT-based Satellite Remote Sensing System," which shifts the paradigm from raw data transmission to onboard edge-intelligence. By integrating lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) directly into satellite payloads, the system performs real-time feature extraction and anomaly detection before …
Published in International Journal of Satellite Remote Sensing · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 50–57 Read article
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Autonomous Agentic AI for Adaptive Cure Optimization and Defect Prevention in Thermoset Polymer Composite Manufacturing
Abstract: Thermoset polymer composites occupy a central position in modern structural manufacturing, from aircraft fuselages to wind-turbine blades. Despite progress in resin chemistry and fiber architecture, the “cure process” that transforms compliant preforms into load-bearing structures remains difficult to manage. Manufacturers encounter ‘voids’, “interlaminar delaminations”, and “spring-back distortion” when curing complex or thick-section parts. The cause is not ignorance of the relevant physics, but rather that ‘temperature’, ‘chemistry’, ‘rheology’, and ‘mechanics’ …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 301–320 Read article