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188 articles for “Atoms”
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Atomism Theory: Indian & Western Perspective
Abstract: The atomism and atomic theory are differentiated on philosophical and scientific basis, but the thing is to have some similarities. The Kanad’s theory came in 2nd century BC and the scientific atomic theory were proposed after 19th century. The ‘añu’ that was experimented by using microscopes, was already experienced and mentioned in the Vaisheshik sutra by Kanad. Here some important questions may be raised that, Is paramãñu by Vaisheshik and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 4, 2024 · pp. 87–95 Read article
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Atomizers in spray dryers: a review
Abstract: Atomization is the most important step in spray drying that defines the properties of liquid droplets after spraying, resulting in various forms of the dry product - from fine powders to granules. It basically refers to the disintegration of the liquid into droplets in the presence of a drying gas circulating in the medium, increasing its surface area until the droplet becomes unstable and disintegrates. The choice of the atomizer's …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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Approach to Examine the Effect of Atomic Number on Single – Electron System of Group III Elements
Abstract: This study investigates the ionization energy, kinetic energy, and mass relationships among Group III elements (Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium) to provide a comprehensive understanding of their atomic and physical properties. A detailed analysis of ionization energy trends reveals that Boron exhibits the highest ionization energy, while Thallium has the lowest, consistent with periodic trends influenced by increasing atomic radius and electron shielding. Gallium deviates slightly from this trend …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 01–09 Read article
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Numerical Simulation of Air Flow Field of A Gas Turbine Engine Air blast Atomizer
Abstract: One of the most crucial process that occurs before the fuel is burned in the combustion chamber is atomization. The performance of a engine will be depend mainly on the fuel mixture. Performance of the engine depends on atomization process because it breaks the bulk fuel into small droplets and injects it into the combustion chamber, in order to make this happen consequently the dimensions of most of the fuel …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 11, Issue 13, 2023 · pp. 169–180 Read article
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Overview of Atomic Structure of Metals in Group 1 Elements
Abstract: This study discussed the basic atomic features of Group 1 elements—lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium—by concentrating on their electronic configurations, atomic radii, and ionization energies. The article gives a thorough investigation of how these variables contribute to the chemical and physical characteristics of alkali metals. The data demonstrated that when the atomic number increases, the atomic radius likewise increases, whereas the ionization energy drops. These developments are ascribed …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 6–13 Read article
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Hierarchical Computational Modeling of Physical Structure Across Quark, Nuclear, and Atomic Scales
Abstract: We present a modular, multi-scale computational framework that integrates physical modeling and visualization across quark, nuclear, and atomic scales within a unified pipeline. Developed to address the traditional fragmentation between sub-nucleonic, nuclear, and electronic representations, the system provides a continuous data flow and visualization bridge spanning from femtometers to ångströms. The framework consists of three primary modules: a particle-level module illustrating nucleons as confined quark-triplets with effective flux-tube geometries; a …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Microwave Assisted Digestion For Cadmium Analysis in Yoghurt Samples Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
Abstract: This paper presents an innovative approach for the digestion of dairy products aimed at determining heavy metal concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The present study was conducted to assess the concentration of cadmium in different Yoghurt samples. A total of 80 random samples of dairy products (20 each of sour Yoghurt, sweet Yoghurt, flavoured Yoghurt, and homemade Yoghurt) were collected from different areas of Kota city. For the analysis of …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 24–39 Read article
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Analysis of Heavy Metal in Industrial Soil Through Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and its Relationship with Some Soil Properties
Abstract: The disease of soil is a premise of peril to the strength of individuals at diverse stages as well as towns and urban areas. Overwhelming metals unconstrained as poisonous effluents from smelters are dumped into close by biological system and are connected with wellbeing danger. Modern industrialization is main root to release different overwhelming metals which spreads to the dirt as aero soils, particulate issue, residue, effluents and strong waste. …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 29–37 Read article
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Study to evaluate and correlate the levels of heavy metals in dental calculus of burnt tobacco (Mishri) users and non-tobacco users with their periodontal status Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)
Abstract: The use of burnt tobacco products, such as Mishri, is associated with numerous health risks, including periodontal diseases. Heavy metals present in tobacco can accumulate in dental calculus, potentially exacerbating periodontal conditions. This study aimed to assess and establish a correlation between the levels of heavy metals present in dental calculus among burnt tobacco (Mishri) users and non-tobacco users, in relation to their periodontal health status. Utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectrometry …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 166–174 Read article
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Techniques of Atomic Structure Orbit Potential of The Frequency Characteristics of Silicon Element
Abstract: This study explores the technological applications and material integration of semiconductor materials, with a focus on their electronic properties and practical implementations. The investigation primarily addresses four key objectives: analyzing the electronic band structure and density of states (DOS) of semiconductor materials, evaluating the band alignment in heterojunctions, and integrating these materials into practical technological applications. Using a simplified tight-binding model, we compute and plot the electronic band structure of …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 16–32 Read article
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Atomic Reactors and Use of Heat Pipes
Abstract: AbstractNuclear power and coolant purpose in passive space power systems have evaluated PWC – 11 niobium base alloys (Nb – 1Zr – 0.1 C) to be one of suitable alloy system. High temperature resistant but easy to oxidize alloy have considered to be important from comparatively higher strength as observed in various heat treatments. Oxygen availability in space has contaminated from material associated to construction. Design compatibility and versatile use …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 24–32 Read article
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Comparison of 11-Atom Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons and Zig-Zag Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Composites Under Various Bias Voltages: A Study of Electronic and Transmission Properties
Abstract: In this research, 11-atom zig-zag carbon nanotubes (ZCNTs) and 11-atom armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) were studied under applied bias voltages at 50, 150, and 300 millivolt levels. The focus was on understanding their behaviour concerning transmission qualities, current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, and energy-momentum (E-K) diagrams. The Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) approach was employed to analyse various electronic properties for ZCNTs and AGNRs, including transmission, E-K relationships, and I-V characteristics. The results …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 126–134 Read article
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Current-Voltage Characteristics of 15-Atom Agnrs and Zcnts at Various Bias Voltages: Insights for Polymer Nanocomposite Applications
Abstract: The present research investigates the electronic properties of 15-atom Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons (AGNRs) and 15-atom Zig-Zag Carbon Nanotubes (ZCNTs) under applied bias voltages of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 millivolts. Using the Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) technique, the study analyzes various electrical features, including current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, to understand the behavior of these nanostructures. The findings reveal that AGNRs exhibit a larger bandgap than ZCNTs, which have a …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 135–144 Read article
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Internal Lattice Structure and Local Order of Ge Atoms Structure in Amorphous Mn doping GeTe Thin Films
Abstract: Phase-change Magnetic materials (PCMMs) represent the leading candidates for universal data storage devices, which exploit the large difference in the physical properties of their transitional lattice structures. Here, an experimental study was done to investigate the internal lattice structure and local order of Ge atoms in amorphous Mn doping GeTe thin films. The microstructure of the as-deposited films of Ge1-xMnxTe thin films (with x = 0.06, 0.13, 0.52 and 0.61) …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 9–15 Read article
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Electron Impact Single and Double Ionization Cross sections of Cr Ions and Atoms
Abstract: The theoretical calculations of electron impact single and double ionization cross section of Cr ion/atom have been estimated from threshold 32 eV to 1000 eV and 40eV to 6000 eV impact energies respectively. The modified Binary Encounter Approximations (BEA) has been used in the aforesaid calculation. These theoretical electron impact ionization cross sections of Chromium ion are of pivotal importance in the several studies. The Accurate expression of , cross …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 01–10 Read article
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Characteristics of PWC-11 in Atomic Reactors
Abstract: AbstractCarbon (0.1%) addition to basic Nb – 1 Zr alloy has introduced carbide precipitation to enhance desirable properties. Precipitation hardened PWC – 11 compared to solid solution hardened Nb – 1 Zr alloys show no appreciable changes by low cycle fatigue behavior, even failure modes are also similar i.e. intergranular cracking. Selections of suitable alloys are considered for resistance to high temperature in extraterrestrial environments and resistant to radioactive neutron …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 37–46 Read article
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Comprehensive Review of the Fundamental and Functional Properties of Crystalline Materials
Abstract: Crystalline materials, characterized by their highly ordered atomic arrangements, serve as the backbone of modern engineering and technology. This review provides a detailed examination of their diverse properties, categorized into mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical domains. We analyze fundamental mechanical parameters such as the elastic modulus, yield strength, and fracture toughness, alongside functional behaviors like fatigue and creep. The discussion extends to thermal transport and expansion, electrical conductivity and resistivity, …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 20–24 Read article
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Sputter Deposition of Ni/Ti Thin Film and their Molecular Dynamics
Abstract: Ni/Ti multilayer fabricated using DC/RF magnetron sputtering technique. Multilayer of Ni/Ti is deposited by alternate deposition of nickel layer and titanium layer, followed by annealing at different temperatures. Annealing treatment is carried out to achieve NiTi SMA thin films. The annealing was accompanied by inter-diffusion, amorphization and precipitation of various intermetallic phases. Classical molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for the atomic diffusion during annealing of Ni/Ti multilayer using embedded …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 35–43 Read article
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Crystal Engineering Strategies for Tailoring Mechanical Properties of Structural Materials
Abstract: Crystal engineering has emerged as a promising approach for designing materials with tailored mechanical properties, enabling advancements in various fields such as aerospace, automotive, and construction. This review examines the diverse strategies employed in crystal engineering to manipulate the mechanical behavior of structural materials. One key strategy involves controlling the crystal structure at the atomic level through techniques such as alloying, doping, and phase transformations. Alloying introduces foreign atoms into …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 01–06 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review on Deposition Techniques for Functional Thin Films
Abstract: Thin films have become a critical element in the design and development of advanced functional materials because of their remarkable versatility, high efficiency, and ability to be easily integrated into a wide variety of devices. These films are used in a broad range of industries, from electronics to energy, owing to their ability to improve the performance of components by providing tailored electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. The deposition of …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article