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909 articles for “Synthesizer”
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Anti-Cancer Drugs-Common Types in Libya Tamoxifen: Structure and Synthesis
Abstract: This research reviews the role of anticancer organic compounds, focusing on Tamoxifen as a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) and briefly comparing it to Vincristine and Vinblastine (Vinca alkaloids). At first, the review includes: classification of cancer stages, revealing symptoms of each stage. Moreover, the review gives an overview of the general classification of most of the cancer drugs, types of cancer drugs used specially in Libya, their structural differences …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 114–123 Read article
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Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene-Based Hydroxyapatite Using Hydrothermal Method for Its Biomedical Application
Abstract: Developing bone implant materials that combine biological compatibility with mechanical strength remains a major challenge in orthopedic research. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) closely mimics bone mineral and supports cell growth, but its brittleness limits load-bearing applications. To address this, a quaternary nanocomposite of hydroxyapatite (HAp), graphene (Gr), zirconia (ZrO2), and ferrocene (Fc) (Hap-Gr-ZrO₂-Fc) was synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal process. Graphene and zirconia provided reinforcement, while ferrocene contributed structural stability and carbon …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 120–135 Read article
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Azepines, Chemistry, Synthesis and Reactions
Abstract: Azepines, which consist of a seven-membered cyclic compound featuring six carbon atoms, an additional nitrogen atom, and no double bonds between carbons, form a diverse group within organic chemistry. The fully hydrated form of this compound is called azepam (C6H13N). Compounds and their variants play crucial roles in pharmaceutical research due to their biologic attributes like cancer-fighting, bacteria-killing, fungus-busting, virus-suppressing, and inflammation-reducing capabilities. Various organic molecules found within nature draw …
Published in International Journal of Minerals · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 35–45 Read article
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Aluminium-Doped Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Combustion Method for Polymer Composite Applications
Abstract: ZnFe₂₋xAlₓO₄ (x = 0 and 0.5) nanoparticles were synthesized via a combustion method owing to its simplicity, cost efficiency, and ability to produce highly crystalline nanomaterials. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure without detectable secondary phases, indicating high phase purity. The average crystallite size was estimated to be in the range of 14–20 nm, confirming the nanocrystalline nature of the samples. Field-emission …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 272–282 Read article
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A Mini Review of Synthesis and Applications of Functionally Graded Materials
Abstract: Material composition or microstructure varies gradually along the thickness over a specific volume in functionally graded material (FGM) that results in spatial change in properties like thermal conductivity, strength, stiffness, electrical, magnetic, and light properties, etc. Application of the concept of FGM leads to a single product that has multiple properties in it as demanded by the operational or functional requirements of the product under service conditions. It also allows …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 54–65 Read article
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Combustion Synthesis and Comprehensive Characterization of Pure and Ni-Doped CuFe₂O₄ Nanoparticles for Functional Composite Applications
Abstract: The CuFe2-xNixO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) nanoparticles were synthesized using a combustion method and comprehensively characterized to understand their suitability for polymer-based composite applications. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel ferrite structure with crystallite sizes of 20–30 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy verified the successful incorporation of Ni ions into the CuFe₂O₄ lattice, while FE-SEM analysis revealed uniformly dispersed nanoscale particles desirable for composite reinforcement. …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Leveraging Industrial Waste for Green Sustainable Nanobiopolymer Synthesis: Polymer, Environmental, Legal and Global Arbitration Perspectives
Abstract: Nanobiopolymers can be synthesized from industrial waste using innovative methods, marking a forward-looking and ecologically sound step in production methods address to his Home State Industrial waste has been used conventionally either through incineration, landfilling or stabilization. It results in large environmental risks, including air, water and soil pollution and often involves costly stabilization and disposal. With the help of polymer and composite substance recovering value means life for current …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 705–711 Read article
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Synthesis and Characterization of pH-Sensitive Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic Acid) Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin
Abstract: pH-responsive polymeric hydrogels have attracted significant attention as intelligent biomaterials for site-specific and controlled drug delivery in cancer therapy due to their ability to respond to the acidic tumor microenvironment. In the present study, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [P(NIPAM-co-AAc)] hydrogels were synthesized via free radical copolymerization and systematically characterized to evaluate their suitability for controlled delivery of doxorubicin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. The copolymer hydrogels were prepared using N-isopropylacrylamide and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 449–458 Read article
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Synthesis of A Supercapacitor Based on Nanomaterials
Abstract: Demand for various energy storage technologies in electronic and electrical devices continuously goes on increasing. In that context, objective of this research work is to develop and test an electrode of a energy storage module (supercapacitor) using nickel hydroxide and carbon-based nanocomposite materials. Electrochemical performance of electrode is enhanced by optimizing synthesis parameters and designing the electrochemical cell. Conventional and all solid-state supercapacitors are developed with notable electrochemical performance. Pure …
Published in International Journal of Electro-Mechanics and Material Behaviour · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 24–39 Read article
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Green Synthesis and Functional Evaluation of Ag–Polypyrrole/TeO2 Nanocomposites for Advanced Electronic Applications
Abstract: Ag–PPy/TeO₂ nanocomposites with TeO₂ loadings ranging from 2% to 10% were synthesized using an in-situ chemical polymerization method. Green tea extract, rich in phytochemicals, acted as both a reducing and stabilizing agent to facilitate the formation of metal oxide nanoparticles. The structural and morphological characteristics of the nanocomposites were analyzed using FTIR, PXRD, and SEM techniques. FTIR confirmed the successful integration of Ag, TeO₂, and PPy functional groups. PXRD patterns …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 64–76 Read article
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Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Complexes Tin(II) With 4-Nitrophenol
Abstract: Tin(II)4-nitrophenoxide complexes with the formulas SnCl(OC₆H₄NO₂-4) and Sn(OC₆H₄NO₂-4)₂ were prepared through the reaction of stannous chloride (SnCl₂) with 4-nitrophenol (HOC₆H₄NO₂-4) in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios, respectively. The reaction was performed in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with diethylamine serving as the base. The resulting compounds were characterized through elemental analysis, determination of molecular weight, molar conductance measurements, and spectroscopic methods including IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Current investigations are directed toward assessing …
Published in International Journal of Advance in Molecular Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 22–26 Read article
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Design and Synthesis of Functionalized Copolymers for Enhanced Interfacial Compatibility in Polymer Matrix Composites
Abstract: Interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix reinforcing phase affects significantly the mechanical and thermal behavior of polymer composites. The study reports on the design and synthesis of functionalized copolymers in the efforts to establish interfacial compatibility based on chemical design. The reinforcements were functionalized doping polar functional groups such as glycidyl methacrylate and maleic anhydride during free-radical copolymerization to form copolymerizing reactive sites that interacted with the reinforcement surfaces. Confirmation …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1404–1418 Read article
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Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Nanocrystalline CeO2 and Ce0.95Cu0.05O2 Solid Solution Catalysts Properties and its Applications
Abstract: The Main study and the development of CeO2 and Cu doped CeO2 nanocrystals containing transition-metal species are of crucial importance for understanding the preparation and fabrication of CeO2 and Cu doped CeO2 nanoparticles by solution combustion technique to taken glycine as fuel. Here, we have investigated the effect of Cerium dioxide and Cu dopant ions on the structural properties of Ce1-xCuxO2 nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized via co-precipitation technique. XRD results confirmed …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis Read article
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Synthesis and antibacterial studies of some bivalent transition metal ions Zn (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes of Schiff’s base derived from some substituted aromatic aldehydes.
Abstract: In this study, Schiff bases were synthesised through the condensation of aromatic aldehydes with primary amines and subsequently complexed with Ni(II),Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions. The formation of the metal complexes was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, which identified the key functional groups involved in coordination. The biological activity of the prepared compounds were studied with the help of selected bacteria like E. coli , Pseudomonas. and B. sereus.. The results obtained …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 96–104 Read article
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Role of the Surgical-Ward Nurse in Identifying, Escalating, and Managing Postoperative Anastomotic Leak in Colorectal Patients: A Narrative Synthesis in an Australian Nursing Perspective
Abstract: Purpose: Postoperative colorectal anastomotic leak (AL) is one of the most feared complications after colorectal surgery because of its association with sepsis, reoperation, mortality, prolonged hospital stay, delayed adjuvant therapy, and permanent stoma formation. This narrative practice review outlines the frontline role of surgical-ward nurses in the early identification, escalation, and interim management of AL within the Australian acute-care context. Methods: A narrative synthesis of contemporary consensus statements, systematic reviews, …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 7–12 Read article
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Synthesis of Biodiesel with Methanol Recovery in Reactive Distillation
Abstract: In the present study, biodiesel was synthesized from waste vegetable oil, methanol and catalyst. The present work investigates the use of reactive distillation for continuous production and separation of biodiesel with recovery of excess methanol as top product of acceptable purity. In order to determine the best conditions for biodiesel production by reactive distillation, process parameters such as molar ratio of oil to alcohol, reaction temperature, catalyst concentration (0.5–1.5 wt …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 26–31 Read article
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Application of Ultrasound for Synthesis of Biodiesel
Abstract: The aim of study is to synthesize a biodiesel from soybean oil using ultrasonic process. At present, biodiesel is produced in batch reactors in which the required energy is provided by heating by mechanical mixing. Alternatively, ultrasonic processing is an effective way to attain required mixing providing the necessary activation energy. Ultrasonic is a very desirable tool for producing biodiesel from vegetable oil and animal fats, because it lowers the …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate (Banana oil) Using Fly Ash Supported Nano Crystalline Solid Acid Catalyst
Abstract: A novel fly ash supported solid acid catalyst (HClO4/FA) has been synthesized by using F-type fly ash and HClO4 as precursor. The variation of surface and physicochemical properties of the fly ash by activation methods resulted in improved acidity and therefore, catalytic activity for acid catalyzed esterification reactions. The HClO4/FA catalyst was characterized by XRF, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and BET surface area. The catalytic performance of HClO4/FA catalyst was evaluated …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Catalytic Performance of Fe Modified Zeolite Beta for Synthesis of Xylene
Abstract: The catalytic performance of metal exchanged zeolite for the synthesis of xylene was determined in the present investigation. The experiments were carried out for alkylation of toluene with methanol over Fe modified zeolite beta for the production of xylene in a plug flow reactor. Modification of zeolite beta with Fe brings significant increase in the activity of catalyst and selectivity of the product xylene. A time on stream study showed …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 27–34 Read article
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Synthesis of Biodiesel from Biowaste/Vegetable Oil by Using Heterogeneous Nano-Catalyst
Abstract: This paper presents preparation of heterogeneous nanocatalyst (NaOH/ZnO-Li2CO3) for biodiesel synthesis from biowaste/vegetable oil by transesterification. Transesterification is an important reaction that produces fatty acid methyl esters which are excellent substitutes for diesel fuel. Biodiesel production by using nanocatalyst is one of important approaches in the biofuel research. The optimization of transesterification reaction is affected by the catalyst type, reaction temperature, reaction time, methanol to biowaste/oil ratio. The analysis of …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 11–23 Read article