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1970 articles for “challenges” (ranking capped at the first 2,000 matches — narrow the search to see the rest)
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Density Functional Theory (DFT): Understanding and Quantifying Molecular Structure of 2-D Materials
Abstract: Density Functional Theory (DFT) has emerged as a cornerstone in computational chemistry and materials science, offering a powerful framework for predicting electronic structures and properties of atoms, molecules, and solids. By focusing on electron density rather than wave functions, DFT simplifies the many-body problem through approximations like the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized-gradient approximations (GGAs). The Hohenberg-Kohn theorems establish the theoretical foundation, proving that ground-state properties are uniquely determined …
Published in Journal of Microelectronics and Solid State Devices · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 33–40 Read article
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A Neuromorphic-Inspired, Low-Power VLSI Architecture for Edge AI in IoT Sensor Nodes
Abstract: As the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices continues to rise, there is an increasing demand for real-time, energy-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) processing directly at the network edge. Traditional edge AI accelerators, often based on deep learning models like convolutional neural networks (CNNs), struggle to meet the ultra-low-power requirements of battery-constrained IoT sensor nodes. In response to this challenge, this study introduces a neuromorphic-inspired, low-power very- large-scale integration (VLSI) …
Published in Journal of Microelectronics and Solid State Devices · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 41–47 Read article
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Data-Driven Life Prediction of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Using IoT Sensing and Machine Learning Algorithms
Abstract: The accurate prediction of fatigue life in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites remains a major challenge due to their nonlinear, multi-mechanism degradation behavior under variable loading conditions. This study presents a data-driven framework, H-LiProNet, which combines real-time IoT sensing with hybrid machine learning to estimate remaining useful life (RUL) in FRP composites. The proposed system integrates embedded Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and acoustic emission (AE) sensors to capture strain and damage …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 4, 2025 · pp. 116–130 Read article
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Bridging the Quality Gap: Analyzing NAAC Accreditation and IQAC’s Role in Higher Education Transformation
Abstract: The role of the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) and Internal Quality Assurance Cells (IQAC) in ensuring quality standards in higher education institutions (HEIs) in India has been a subject of extensive research. This review synthesizes existing literature to assess the impact of NAAC accreditation on institutional quality enhancement, transparency, curriculum flexibility, and overall governance. A comparative approach highlights the role of IQAC in implementing continuous quality improvement mechanisms. …
Published in International Journal of Education Sciences · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 11–16 Read article
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Analysis and Identification of Malicious Mobile Applications Using Machines Learning
Abstract: Over the past few years, malware attacks on the Android platform have surged, posing significant risks to users' financial security, personal information, and device integrity. In the first half of 2019 alone, approximately 25 million smartphones were infected, highlighting the severity of these threats. The model ranks manifest features based on their frequency in normal and malicious apps, identifying key components that distinguish benign from malicious applications. To improve detection …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 17–24 Read article
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Law Students and the Use of Technology: Transforming Legal Education in the Digital Era
Abstract: The legal profession is undergoing a digital revolution, making the integration of technology into legal education essential. Traditional learning methods are evolving with the use of digital tools, legal databases, AI-driven research, and virtual platforms, preparing future lawyers for a rapidly changing, technology-driven legal landscape. Traditional methods of legal study, which relied heavily on printed case law books and in-person moot courts, are now being supplemented with advanced digital tools. …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 25–29 Read article
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Channel Estimated Modulation Techniques for Wireless Communication Systems: Review
Abstract: The high spectrum and energy capabilities of Multiple Input Multiple Output systems make them a propitious technology for 5th-generation wireless communication systems. The acquisition of channel information is crucial for utilizing the potential gains of the multi-modal systems. Numerous studies have established channel estimation techniques and are still in research which faced several challenges with downlink-uplink overheads, complexities, and pilot contamination. This work discusses the insights obtained from the reviewed …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Investigative Study of Adaptive Fault Tolerance in Optical Networks
Abstract: Optical networks have become the backbone of modern telecommunications infrastructure, enabling high-speed data transmission across global networks. However, these networks face significant reliability challenges due to component failures, signal degradation, and environmental factors. This investigative study examines adaptive fault tolerance mechanisms in optical networks, focusing on emerging technologies and methodologies that enhance network resilience. The research analyzes various fault detection techniques, including machine learning-based approaches, self-healing protocols, and dynamic reconfiguration …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 24–30 Read article
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Enhancing Terahertz Patch Antennas: The Role and Impact of Graphene
Abstract: Terahertz (THz) communication systems are gaining increasing attention because of their ability for high-speed wireless data transmission, making them suitable for the 6th-generation wireless applications. Patch antennas, commonly used in these systems, play a crucial role in signal transmission and reception. There are various types of conductive materials available for patch antennas, but the unique characteristics of graphene make it a suitable choice. This study explores the significance and contribution …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 41–51 Read article
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Petroleum Legislation and the Economic Impact of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) in Nigeria
Abstract: The Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) was enacted in 2021 to reform Nigeria’s petroleum sector by improving regulatory efficiency, investment climate, revenue generation, and host community engagement. This study examines its economic impact using policy analysis, economic data review, and comparative assessment with global best practices. Findings reveal that the PIA has improved governance, with NNPC Limited recording a 28% profit increase in 2024. However, regulatory uncertainty, such as the blocked …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 01–07 Read article
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Cross-Domain Comparative Analysis of Microwave Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics and Industrial Testing
Abstract: Microwave imaging is gaining significant traction as a non-ionizing, low-cost, and portable alternative to conventional diagnostic and inspection modalities in both medical and industrial domains. Leveraging the dielectric contrast between healthy and anomalous tissues or materials, microwave imaging systems enable early-stage detection and characterization of pathological or structural anomalies. This review provides a detailed comparative analysis of microwave imaging systems tailored for three critical applications: breast cancer detection, brain stroke …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 39–48 Read article
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Squeeze Casting of Hybrid Aluminum Matrix Composites: A Critical Review of Process Optimization, Reinforcement Strategies, and Performance Outcomes
Abstract: Increasing demand for lightweight, performance-oriented components in automotive, aerospace, and defense industries has driven advancements in squeeze casting, a hybrid technique merging forging and die-casting advantages to produce near-net-shape aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) with superior mechanical-tribological properties. This review critically examines the interplay of process parameters (e.g., squeeze pressure: 70–150 MPa, melt temperature: 650–800°C), reinforcement characteristics (volume fraction ≤10%, particle size: 10–71µm), and interfacial engineering strategies (flux-assisted bonding, ultrasonic dispersion) …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 52–60 Read article
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A Study on the Impact of Seasonal Sales on E-Commerce Trends in India: Insights from Amazon and Flipkart
Abstract: This study investigates the growing impact of seasonal sales on e-commerce trends in India, with a particular emphasis on two leading platforms, Amazon and Flipkart. Large-scale events such as the Great Indian Festival and the Big Billion Days have become defining moments in the country’s online retail calendar, creating noticeable shifts in consumer purchasing behavior, sales volumes, and digital marketing approaches. The research examines how heavy discounts, limited-time offers, and …
Published in E-Commerce for Future & Trends · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 01–06 Read article
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Smart Agriculture in India: Advancements in Image Processing for Automated Plant Disease Detection and Crop Analysis
Abstract: The adoption of image processing technologies in agriculture is emerging as a revolutionary method for tackling persistent challenges in the farming industry. These techniques are increasingly used for different tasks such as detecting plant diseases, assessing crop health, and predicting yields, especially in the framework of smart agriculture systems. This study paints a detailed picture of the latest progress in image processing techniques applied to automated disease detection and detailed …
Published in Journal of Image Processing & Pattern Recognition Progress · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 13–19 Read article
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Barriers to Student Expression on Mental Health
Abstract: It focuses on the challenges faced by students in openly expressing their opinions and emotions regarding mental health, which is an essential yet often sensitive topic. The research, conducted upon 52 students with an age range of 18 to 26, highlights the perceptions students have about mental health and the difficulties they face in seeking help. Even though 78.4% of the respondents emphasized the need for increased mental health awareness, …
Published in International Journal of Behavioral Sciences · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Advances in Analytical Chemistry Research Methodology: Trends and Applications
Abstract: Analytical chemistry is critical to scientific study because it allows for the accurate identification, measurement, and characterization of chemical compounds. Recent advances in methodology have improved accuracy, sensitivity, and efficiency, with techniques such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography (GC), Mass Spectrometry (MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy transforming analytical procedures. The combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has enhanced data processing, pattern recognition, and …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 10–18 Read article
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High Expectations, Low Outcomes: Exploring Coping Mechanisms and Psychological Adaptation
Abstract: This review paper explores the psychological impact of high expectations and low outcomes, focusing on coping mechanisms to manage the resulting emotional and mental challenges. The anticipation of a guaranteed future often elevates self-esteem and brings a state of emotional ecstasy. When individuals perceive the future in alignment with their personal terms and conditions, they experience heightened happiness and acceptance of life. This sense of assurance often influences risk-taking capacity, …
Published in International Journal of Trends in Humanities · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 31–38 Read article
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Bridging the digital divide for school students with Specific Learning Disability in India: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract: This systematic literature review aims to investigate the educational materials now utilized in inclusive classrooms in India to close the digital divide for children with specific learning disabilities (SLD). With an emphasis on policy, assistive technology, and teacher preparedness, the goal is to assess how well these resources work to create inclusive learning environments and look at how they might be tailored to help different learners. The review followed PRISMA …
Published in International Journal of Education Sciences · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 17–25 Read article
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Breakthroughs in Solar and Wind Energy Technologies
Abstract: The increasing urgency to combat climate change and transition toward sustainable energy systems has positioned solar and wind energy as cornerstone technologies in the global energy landscape. This paper, titled “Breakthroughs in Solar and Wind Energy Technologies,” explores recent innovations and trends that have significantly enhanced the efficiency, reliability, and affordability of these renewable energy sources. Key advancements discussed include breakthroughs in photovoltaic technologies, such as perovskite solar cells and …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Communication Pathways and Project Success: Analyzing Stakeholder Coordination Impacts on Construction Outcomes
Abstract: It is very critical to have effective communication and coordination among stakeholders for the successful delivery of the projects. Effective communication keeps stakeholders well-informed about project progress, promoting transparency, trust, and collaboration. Coordination ensures that responsibilities and resources are efficiently allocated, reducing the risk of misunderstandings and enhancing decision-making processes. Inadequate stakeholder engagement can lead to confusion, delays, rework, and the failure to meet key project milestones. The impact of …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 104–126 Read article