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131 articles for “infectious”
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Reinventing Drug Delivery Through Cutting-Edge Nanotechnology
Abstract: Nanotechnology has emerged as a revolutionary platform in the field of drug delivery, offering novel strategies for the precise, efficient, and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents. The integration of nanocarriers, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, and inorganic nanoparticles, has significantly enhanced drug solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery to specific tissues or cells. Targeted drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology minimize off-target effects, reduce systemic toxicity, and improve …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 44–61 Read article
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Comprehensive Strategies for the Prevention and Management of Genital Thrush in Males and Females: A Public Health Approach in Punjab (September 2024 to February 2025)
Abstract: Background: Genital thrush, a common fungal infection caused mainly by Candida albicans, affected both men and women, leading to itching, discomfort, and recurrent infections. In Punjab, high humidity, poor hygiene awareness, excessive antibiotic use, and limited access to healthcare contributed to its widespread occurrence. Without effective prevention and management strategies, the condition significantly impacted quality of life. Addressing this issue through a public health approach was essential for reducing its …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 Read article
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Host-Pathogen Coevolution: Implications for Immune Evasion and Pathogen Fitness
Abstract: The interaction between hosts and pathogens represents a continuous evolutionary struggle, shaping both microbial virulence and host immunity. Pathogens employ diverse strategies to evade immune surveillance, ranging from antigenic variation and molecular mimicry to hijacking of host immune checkpoints. Simultaneously, hosts refine innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to counteract infection and limit damage. This reciprocal adaptation, known as host–pathogen coevolution, influences pathogen persistence, transmission, and fitness, while also sculpting immune …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 6–10 Read article
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Synthesis, Identification and Bio Evaluation of New Thiophene Derivatives
Abstract: Thiophene is considered one of the most effective cyclic sulfur compounds in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry due to its high stability in various chemical reactions. It plays a key role as an antifungal agent in treating skin allergies, as well as in the preparation of polymers, rubber, and other materials. Recent research has focused on incorporating sulfur compounds into the synthesis of organic compounds because of their high stability in …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 31–43 Read article
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Nanoformulation Strategies: Emerging Innovations in Drug Delivery Systems
Abstract: Nanotechnology is significantly advancing the pharmaceutical industry by introducing nanosystems that improve drug delivery, therapeutic efficacy, and patient outcomes. Various nanosystems-such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and metallic nanoparticles-offer benefits like enhanced bioavailability, targeted delivery, improved stability, and reduced side effects. Innovative formulation strategies, including surface functionalization, particle size optimization, and use of biodegradable carriers, support controlled and sustained drug release. Additionally, production in non-aqueous …
Published in International Journal of Toxins and Toxics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 54–67 Read article
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Paediatric Epilepsy: Current Advances in Diagnosis and Management
Abstract: Paediatric epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders of childhood, characterised by recurrent unprovoked seizures resulting from abnormal neuronal activity. Accurate diagnosis is essential and is based on a detailed clinical history, seizure semiology, neurological examination, and electroencephalography (EEG), with neuroimaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used to identify structural abnormalities. Classification according to seizure type and underlying aetiology genetic, structural, metabolic, immune, infectious, or unknown—guides …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 53–68 Read article
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Nanotechnology In Herbal Medicine
Abstract: Herbal medicine has been widely used for centuries as a natural and holistic approach to health care. However, many herbal compounds face challenges such as low solubility, low bioavailability, instability, and the lack of targeted delivery, which affect their efficacy. The integration of nanotechnology into herbal medicine has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these challenges and enhance the pharmacological potential of plant-derived compounds. Nanocarriers such as liposomes, solid …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 28, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 50–69 Read article
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Estimating Heavy Ion Concentrations in the Shatt AlKufa Area and Studying Methods for Recycling Wastewater
Abstract: This study includes practical methods for treating chemical pollution in wastewater. The proper disposal of wastewater is essential for providing a healthy environment for communities, adhering to international standards and utilizing the latest chemical and scientific methods to maintain a surrounding environment free from sewage pollutants. The goal of wastewater treatment is to prepare it for discharge into agricultural drains or for use in irrigation. Treatment removes a large percentage …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 17–22 Read article
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Typhoid Fever: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management
Abstract: Typhoid fever is a systemic and potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, which primarily spreads through the fecal-oral route via ingestion of contaminated food and water. It continues to be a major global public health concern, particularly in developing and low-resource countries where poor sanitation, inadequate personal hygiene, and unsafe water supplies prevail. The disease is characterized by prolonged high-grade fever, abdominal discomfort, headache, loss of …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Role of Pharmaceutical Software in Vaccine Development and Manufacturing Process Optimization
Abstract: Vaccine development and manufacturing have become increasingly complex due to the emergence of diverse vaccine platforms, stringent regulatory expectations, and global demand for safe and effective immunization. Across the vaccine lifecycle – from antigen design and preclinical evaluation to large‑scale manufacturing and post‑marketing surveillance – pharmaceutical software now plays a central role in handling data, optimizing processes, and ensuring regulatory compliance. Software tools support in silico antigen and epitope design, …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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India’s Pioneering Advancements in Vaccinology: Challenges and Milestones – Part 2
Abstract: India has become a global leader in vaccinology, playing a vital role in developing, producing, and distributing vaccines that protect millions of lives. By embracing advances in molecular immunology, recombinant antigen technology, and virus-like particle (VLP) platforms, the country has created affordable vaccines against major diseases, including poliovirus, rotavirus, and SARS-CoV-2. National initiatives, like Mission Indradhanush and Vaccine Maitri, have helped expand immunization coverage, improve public health, and share vaccines …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Histoplasma capsulatum (Dimorphic Fungus) in India: Biological Features, Virulence Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications of Histoplasmosis.
Abstract: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Infection is acquired primarily by inhalation of infectious microconidia and may range from asymptomatic infection to severe disseminated disease. Although histoplasmosis has classically been associated with the river valleys of the Americas, it is being increasingly recognized in Asia, including India, where it frequently mimics tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, lymphoma, and leprosy, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Cutaneous …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 38–48 Read article
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Fungi in the Global Bioeconomy: Harnessing the R Potential Across Agriculture, Medicine, Industry, and Environmental Sustainability
Abstract: One of the most diverse and functionally versatile groups of living organisms, fungi has played a significant role in maintaining ecological balance, human well-being, agricultural production, and industrial processes. Despite their vast potential, the use of fungi systems in solving some of the most serious challenges facing the world today, such as climate change, food security, and AMR, is still in its infancy. New developments in genomics, biotechnology, and systems …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 20–27 Read article
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Nanoparticle and Lipid-Based Vaccine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review of Platforms, Stability, Pharmacokinetics, and Immune Modulation
Abstract: The rapid evolution of vaccine technologies over the past decade has highlighted the transformative role of nanoparticle (NP) and lipid-based delivery systems in modern immunization practices. These platforms – including polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), liposomes, nanoemulsions, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) – enable enhanced antigen stability, improved cellular uptake, targeted antigen delivery, and potent immune activation. This systematic review critically examines the physicochemical foundations, manufacturing approaches, stability challenges, pharmacokinetic …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 18–36 Read article
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Ebola Vaccination: From Outbreak Control to Global Preparedness
Abstract: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is one of the most dreadful and lethal viral infections, continuously generating threatening impacts on the health of the global population, especially in low-resource environments. This review provides an overview of Ebola vaccines, focusing on virology, vaccine development, clinical trials, regulatory approval, deployment plans, and ethical issues. Recombinant viral vector platforms have seen the development of successful vaccines, with the most prominent example being rVSV-ZEBOV, which …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 27–37 Read article
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The future of global immunisation strategies: an examination of vaccines
Abstract: Vaccination is still one of the best ways to improve public health, but worldwide immunization plans are facing new scientific, societal, and logistical problems. This article looks at the future of global immunization programs by looking at present and new vaccine technology, delivery systems, and policy frameworks. It looks at new technologies including mRNA platforms, thermostable vaccines, and new ways to distribute vaccinations that could help more people get them …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Metagenome-Informed Engineering of Monoclonal Antibodies: Mining Microbial Immunoglobulin-Like Domains for Ultra-Stable Therapeutics
Abstract: Metagenome-informed engineering represents an emerging strategy for improving the stability and functionality of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by leveraging the vast diversity of microbial immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) domains (10,24). These domains, derived from uncultured bacteria and bacteriophages, exhibit exceptional thermostability, protease resistance, and structural resilience due to adaptation to extreme environments (29,30). This review highlights advances in metagenomic mining, structural characterization, and protein engineering that enable the integration of microbial Ig-like scaffolds …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Early Life Nutrition as a Determinant of Long-Term Vaccine Immunogenicity in Livestock: Mechanisms, Practical Strategies, and Species-Specific Considerations
Abstract: Early life represents a critical period for immune system development in livestock, during which nutritional exposures can exert long lasting effects on vaccine immunogenicity. Although vaccination is a cornerstone of infectious disease control in food producing animals, marked variability in vaccine induced immune responses is frequently observed under commercial conditions. Growing evidence suggests that this variability is partly driven by differences in early nutritional status, which can influence immune maturation, …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 15–26 Read article
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A Knowledge Graph Approach for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Data Sharing Platform Implementation in the Context of Human Papillomavirus Infection
Abstract: Background: Breast cancer remains among the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide, and effective diagnosis and data integration continue to challenge clinical practice. Diagnostic reports from mammography and ultrasound contain rich clinical information that is often under-utilised due to heterogeneous formats and limited data-sharing infrastructure. In the context of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which may influence oncogenic pathways and data complexity, advanced computational methods offer new solutions to this problem. …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Formulation Challenges in Long-acting Injectable Small Molecules: Emerging Strategies and Perspectives
Abstract: Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations represent a transformative approach in pharmacotherapy, particularly for conditions demanding sustained drug exposure over weeks to months. Although biologics have dominated this space historically, the adaptation of LAI technology to small molecules presents a distinct and complex set of challenges rooted in physicochemical properties, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory expectations. This review systematically addresses the principal formulation barriers encountered in developing LAI small-molecule products, including aqueous solubility …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article