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1973 articles for “costing” (ranking capped at the first 2,000 matches — narrow the search to see the rest)
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Reduction Of Total Electricity Generation Cost For Complicated Power Systems Considering Renewable Energy Sources By Using A Sea Horse Optimizer
Abstract: This paper focuses on solving the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem by incorporating the presence of wind and solar power plants alongside conventional thermal power plants (THs). Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Sea horse optimizer (SHO) are applied to solve the problem with the main objective function of minimizing the total electricity generation cost (TEGC). SHO is a novel meta-heuristic method recently proposed, while PSO is one of the classical …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Time Cost Optimization Techniques in Construction Industries-A Review Article
Abstract: Construction project scheduling and optimizing the schedule has received a considerable amount of attention over the last few decades. Completion of a project in optimum time and minimum cost is a challenge in every project. There are many methods and algorithms available; using which time cost optimization (TCO) can be achieved. This article gives a review on critical path method (CPM), linear programming (LP), genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 28–32 Read article
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Durability Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Cost Minimization by Excel Solver
Abstract: Design procedures based on current specifications do not always ensure required service life, mostly because of the underestimated durability parameters. This is due to the fact that definition of durability is not operational as basis for design, maintenance and repair. This paper presents an Excel spreadsheet model for the cost optimization of simply supported beams designed according to the requirements of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) code and the Japan …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 75–81 Read article
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Report on the Novel Electrical Characteristics of Microelectronic High Electron Mobility Transistors to Establish a Low-Cost Microelectronics Laboratory in the National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh
Abstract: AbstractIn this work, total 22584 individual simulation-outputs are reported according to the performed simulation-studies on the microelectronic AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). This series of simulation work has been performed using the SILVACO-ATLAS software tool on the basis of already established theories related to the semiconductor-physics of HEMTs. In this work, the drain characteristics are investigated with respect to the aluminium mole fraction, drain voltage, gate voltage, gate length …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 6–28 Read article
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Cost factors of municipal water has social values and scientific applications
Abstract: Water (H2O) is a multi-purpose bio-chemical compound and it has life supporting role for all animals, plants etc. Water purification is a flow staging scientific process of chemical treatment. High quality water demand for pure chemical synthesis such as boiler feed water. Considering economics of scale, drug industries welcome centralized equipments, compared onsite treatment, and recycled technologies. Boiled Feed (V) Water is important for IVF (Inter Venus Fluid) and its …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Yoga: A Cost Effective Lifestyle Method to Control Blood Pressure
Abstract: Hypertension has become a major health concern as it is the predominant risk factor and treated for stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, arterial aneurysms and renal failure. As drug therapy alone is a costly affair for a developing country like India, a need for less experience, nonpharmacological alternative methods should also be taken into consideration. Medication and yoga are some alternative Indian techniques’ which can be used in …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 31–32 Read article
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Mathematical Modeling and CFD Analysis for Protype Model Development of a Low-cost Hybrid Power Operated Mini Kitchen Chimney for Rural Households
Abstract: Home chimneys remove pollution by products of fossil fuels from the atmosphere. Today's environmental problems are worsening rapidly due to technology and population growth. Thus, researchers developed a hybrid micro kitchen chimney to help rural residents at a low cost. This small hybrid chimney simplifies rural cooking. A kitchen chimney is the best way to remove smoke, grease, stink, stains, oil droplets, and more from the kitchen. It helps ventilate …
Published in International Journal of Energy and Thermal Applications · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 14–28 Read article
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Design and Experimental Validation of An Electromagnetic-Based Low-Cost Lightweight Polymer Fabricated Induction Stove
Abstract: Induction stoves are an innovative and energy-saving alternative to traditional gas or electric stoves. Traditional induction stoves, many of which are expensive, heavy, and bulky, require modifications to make them suitable for low-income households and small consumers. This work is unique in that it involves the design and validation of a low-cost, lightweight induction stove. With fewer components, this stove is a feasible and sustainable solution for high temperatures. The …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 261–274 Read article
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Synthesis and Characterization of Sustainable, Low-Cost, Biomass-Derived Carbon Films from Hevea Brasiliensis (Rubber) Wood for Environmentally Friendly Gas Sensors with Enhanced Selectivity and Sensitivity to Polar Vapors and Hazardous Gases
Abstract: Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) wood sawdust was utilized to fabricate carbon gas sensors for detecting 1000 ppm of ethanol, methanol, acetone, carbon dioxide, and ammonia gases. The carbon particles were prepared by phosphoric acid impregnation followed by thermal activation and then fabricated into films on conductive and non-conductive substrates using the doctor blade method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed distinct graphitic features with peaks at the (002) and (100) planes, indicating …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 22–36 Read article
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Integration of Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Quantum Dot–Polymer Nanocomposites for Low-Cost, Flexible OLED Display
Abstract: Flexible OLED displays need advanced material systems to integrate capabilities for mechanical flexibility as well as thermal stability and environmental durability at low costs. Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPNs) combined with quantum dot (QD)-polymer nanocomposites serve to improve OLED performance capabilities. They combine a stable structural design along with a flexible matrix through the matrix capabilities of SIPNs which result in efficient luminescence and pure color output courtesy of CdSe/ZnS QDs …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 919–932 Read article
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Low cost method for fuel production from Plastic waste
Abstract: There is a huge problem of plastic waste remaining bulbous, eventhough many solutions are put forth. The production of synthetic plastic has reached 400 million tons worldwide, from which 50% is thrown in landfills or recycled; 15 million tons reach seas and oceans.Inceneration and other waste management methods have many limitations, which includes hazards of secondary pollutants. And moreover, there is no more land filling space for waste accumulation. Land …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 41–47 Read article
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Comparative Study of Flat Slab and Conventional Slab Structure Based on Seismic Behaviour and Cost Effectiveness
Abstract: Flat slab recent earthquakes in which many concrete structures have been severely damaged or collapsed, have indicated the need for evaluating the seismic adequacy of buildings. About 60% of the land area of our country is susceptible to damaging levels of seismic hazard. We can’t avoid future earthquakes, but safe building construction practices can certainly reduce the extent of damage and loss. As being one of the special reinforced concrete …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 45–49 Read article
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Cost Effective Wastewater Treatment Technique for Bara Nulla Peshawar
Abstract: Various samples from Bara Nulla in Peshawar were collected and analyzed, using standard methods for various important wastewater parameters. The effluent discharge from the nulla is highly polluted in terms of its physical and chemical properties. Most of it parameters do not meet the requirements of Pak-EPA NEQS limitations set for industrial and domestic effluent discharge. The average wastewater characteristics of nulla in terms of COD, BOD, TDS, TSS, turbidity …
Published in Journal of Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 24–28 Read article
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Precision Agriculture Revolution: A Low-cost Smart Irrigation System Empowered by IoT for Small-scale Farmers
Abstract: Precision agriculture powered by Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming traditional farming practices for improved crop yield and sustainability. This paper presents the architecture, implementation and testing of a low-cost smart irrigation system aimed at optimal utilization of water resources for small-scale farmers. The automated system monitors a suite of sensors that provide field data such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity. An intelligent controller processes this information to operate water …
Published in Journal of Mechatronics and Automation · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 21–29 Read article
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Role of Energy Audit in optimizing the energy consumption cost of educational institution for energy conservation
Abstract: Regular electricity use at educational institutions has led to unintentional and intentional energy wastage. In view of reducing this wastage, energy audit is used as a tool to identify the possibility of energy conservation. The audit procedures are planned to get executed for Sir Isaac Newton Block(Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering) and Kalpana Chawla Block (Electronics and Communication Engineering and Computer Science and Engineering) at Rohini College of Engineering …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 42–52 Read article
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Hidden Buck Chopper Circuits Topology in a Switch Controlled Singe Phase Rectifier, Size and Cost Analysis
Abstract: This paper shows hidden buck chopper circuits topology in a single phase switch controlled full wave rectifier. Justification of this realization yields the opportunity to use the single circuit structure for both AC to DC and DC to DC conversion processes. Generally, two diodes out of four diodes are replaced by two switches to offer voltage gain and input power factor regulation in a single phase full wave rectifier. Such …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 17–28 Read article
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Experimental and Behavioral Study on Fly Ash Along with Lime to Make Bricks for Low Cost Housing Techniques
Abstract: Fly ash is the waste material which is usually dump or used in concrete today as admixture and also replace by cement in concrete proportion and give equivalent strength to structure. A lot of research has been carried out for effective use of fly ash. As we know today fly ash bricks overcame to normal clay burnt bricks in all parameters like compressive strength, water absorption, durability, mortar profit, finishing …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 30–41 Read article
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Cost Model of Acquisition and Merger in Construction Industry
Abstract: Merger and Acquisition in India is at an all-time high with more buyers now than before; it has been accounting for 80% of closed deals in 2020–2021, up from 70% in 2017–2019. To determine the Merger and Acquisition of the company, this article explores the main factors in the Merger and Acquisition process. And also study the main framework of the Merger and Acquisition. And, also, the article discusses the …
Published in International Journal of Architectural Design and Planning Read article
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Cost–Benefit Analysis of Solar Energy: A Case Study Dehra Region of Kangra District in Himachal Pradesh
Abstract: In a crux what we can say about our findings is that solar energy’s potential in the area has not been utilized to its optimum level in the Dehra region and the people are not being properly taught about its benefits. No efforts are being put to educate people regarding the various opportunities it holds regarding employment, energy savings, and so on. Solar energy has immense potential to fulfill the …
Published in OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 60–72 Read article
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Low-cost Vehicle Data Acquisition System
Abstract: The Vehicle and Driver Data Acquisition System Kit is an integrated solution designed to capture, analyze, and store essential information related to both vehicles and their drivers. This comprehensive kit incorporates cutting-edge sensors, communication modules, and data processing capabilities to provide a robust platform for real-time monitoring and post-event analysis. In the domain of electric vehicles (EVs), the need for effective data collection systems has become increasingly crucial. The current …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 9–14 Read article