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1916 articles for “costing” (ranking capped at the first 2,000 matches — narrow the search to see the rest)
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Design and Implementation of a Smart RFID-Based Library System Using ESP32
Abstract: Recent advancements made in automated technologies have created major changes in previous library management systems. The aim of the Smart Library System is to provide improved efficiency, accuracy, and security in the management of books throughout the entire borrowing and returning process, as well as throughout the entire process of maintaining an accurate inventory of books. Each book has an RFID tag embedded within it while each registered user of …
Published in Journal of Advancements in Library Sciences · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 39–47 Read article
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Sustainability Challenges, Transition Dynamics, and Collapse of Small-Scale Poultry Farming Systems: Economic, Technical, and Environmental Perspectives
Abstract: Small-scale poultry farming plays a vital role in food security, income generation, and rural livelihoods globally. However, the sector is experiencing a rapid decline driven by interconnected economic, biological, environmental, and institutional challenges. This review synthesizes recent evidence and develops a systems-based framework to explain the depletion of small-scale poultry farms in the country. A dominant driver is the persistent cost–price imbalance, where rising input costs, particularly feed, are not …
Published in International Journal of Sustainability · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 38–46 Read article
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A Pre-Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Breast Self-Examination Among Adolescent Girls in Selected Higher Secondary Schools of Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh
Abstract: Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and is a major cause of death, with its incidence steadily rising in India. Detecting the disease at an early stage greatly enhances survival rates; however, many cases are identified late due to limited awareness and inadequate access to healthcare resources. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an easy, cost-effective practice that enables women to notice early changes in their breasts. …
Published in International Journal of Oncological Nursing and Practices · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 30–36 Read article
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Advanced Irrigation System
Abstract: Advanced Irrigation System is an innovative agricultural technology designed to improve water management, increase crop productivity, and reduce human effort in farming. Conventional irrigation practices frequently lead to inefficient water use, non-uniform irrigation coverage, and unnecessary wastage of water resources. To overcome these limitations, an intelligent irrigation system has been developed by incorporating advanced technologies, including soil moisture sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, water level monitoring devices, Internet of Things …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 38–44 Read article
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AI-Powered Traffic Management System
Abstract: An artificial intelligence (AI)-based traffic management system is an innovative and intelligent project for improving urban traffic control and emergency response using AI and artificial vision. With the rapid increase in vehicle numbers and urban populations, traditional traffic management systems are unable to effectively address all real-time traffic situations due to congestion, fuel consumption, and emergency deceleration. To address these limitations, this project utilizes the YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once, …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 14–19 Read article
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Recent Advances in Crystalline Materials
Abstract: Crystalline materials are solids in which atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a highly ordered, repeating three-dimensional lattice. This well-defined structure gives rise to unique physical, chemical, electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, making crystalline materials essential for numerous scientific and industrial applications. Advances in materials science, crystal engineering, and nanotechnology have enabled precise control over crystal size, morphology, composition, and defect structures through innovative synthesis techniques. These developments …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 14–21 Read article
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Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Assisted Liquid Crystal Biosensors for Sensitive and Naked-Eye Detection of Antibiotics
Abstract: The widespread use of antibiotics in healthcare, veterinary medicine, agriculture, and aquaculture has resulted in increasing levels of antibiotic residues in food products and environmental samples, posing significant risks to human health and contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Conventional analytical methods, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and electrochemical techniques, offer excellent sensitivity but require sophisticated instrumentation, skilled personnel, and extensive sample preparation. In …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Workflow Streamlining Through Shell Programming: A Review of Automation Techniques, Best Practices, and Applications
Abstract: The rapid advancement of modern computing systems and the increasing complexity of information technology infrastructures have created a growing need for efficient automation and streamlined system administration. Among the various automation technologies available, shell programming remains one of the most practical, flexible, and widely adopted approaches for managing repetitive tasks and optimizing operational workflows in Unix-like operating systems. Shell scripts enable administrators and developers to automate command execution, coordinate system …
Published in Journal of Advances in Shell Programming · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 9–20 Read article
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Aerator Monitoring System for Fisheries Using Internet of Things
Abstract: To manage aquaculture effectively, we need to monitor water quality constantly. This helps prevent the depletion of dissolved oxygen, which can lead to fish suffocating. Such monitoring is especially critical in intensive pond systems. If we ignore this and fail to take action quickly, we risk losing all our fish, resulting in high costs that could have been avoided. This paper introduces a low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) based aerator …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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ESP32-Based Vehicle Security and Driver Safety System
Abstract: This paper presents an ESP32-based intelligent vehicle security and driver safety system designed to improve both automobile protection and road safety through advanced sensor integration and real-time monitoring. The proposed system combines biometric authentication, driver behavior analysis, obstacle detection, and emergency communication into a single compact platform. A fingerprint sensor (R307) is used to provide secure vehicle access, ensuring that only authorized users can start the vehicle. To enhance driver …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 9–18 Read article
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E-Commerce’s Impact on Employment and International Markets
Abstract: The developed countries harvest their gains through electronic-commerce (E-commerce) in very short run, whereas the developing nations will be benefited only in the long run, due to lack of technology and information technology (IT) infrastructure. E-commerce has great impact on the international trade and the volume of trade is also being increased along with the emergence of e-commerce. It has both the positive and negative impact on the employment, i.e., …
Published in E-Commerce for Future & Trends · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 27–33 Read article
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Bug Triage with Bug Data Reduction
Abstract: The process of fixing bug is bug triage, which aims to correctly assign a developer to a new bug. Software companies spend most of their cost in dealing with these bugs. To reduce time and cost of bug triaging, we present an automatic approach to predict a developer with relevant experience to solve the new coming report. In proposed approach we are doing data reduction on bug data set which …
Published in Journal of Advanced Database Management & Systems · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Designing a Decision Support System for Placement Service(s) in Technical Institutions
Abstract: Placement service decision support system (PSDSS) is an effective tool for better and quick decision making for all activities of placement service, which includes data entry, record keeping, record searching which further includes selection of company, visit of company to campus, areas of interest, human resource management task, etc. Concept of placement service is well known in any organization or institute. In this paper, we present PSDSS, which makes all …
Published in E-Commerce for Future & Trends · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 19–26 Read article
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Optimal Thermal Generating Unit Commitment via Evolutionary Algorithms: A Review
Abstract: This paper presents a literature survey of economic load dispatch problem. The economic load dispatch (ELD) is one of the most important optimization problems of electrical power system. The aim of the ELD problem is to determine the power productions of total generating units from a system in order to have minimum fuel cost, and to meet the all constrains. Solving ELD involves conveying a precise model of optimization and …
Published in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 26–32 Read article
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A Review of Retail Process of E-Commerce
Abstract: AbstractPerspectives proliferate on the effect of the Internet and online business on conventional types of retailing. Situations run from one viewpoint, the practically add up to demolition of existing physical retailing to, on the other, restricted if any effect upon “genuine” retailing. Despite intemperate buildup, spectacular failures, the horde of clashing perspectives, crystal-ball looking web based business procedures and techniques give the possibility to a central reassessment of how retailing …
Published in E-Commerce for Future & Trends · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 39–51 Read article
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A Simple Optical Sensor Based System For Monitoring Plant Health Status
Abstract: AbstractPlant nutrition is the basic need for plant growth and productivity. Nutrient monitoring of plants is the key factor for farmers and agriculturalists. Nitrogen is a necessary element for plant growth and development and it is a major component of chlorophyll in plant leaves. Chlorophyll content of a plant is one of the most important natural indicators of plants nutritional stress and the overall health status of plants. Several sensors …
Published in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 89–98 Read article
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Predicting Churners from the User Base of a Business - A Review
Abstract: AbstractCustomer churn prediction and management is a foremost job aimed by enterprises to maintain cost-effective customers and thus many customer churn prediction models are developed which aim to categorize consumers as non-churners or churners & then retention actions are taken to prevent churners from churning. The data from different companies like Telecommunication Company, financial company, Retail Company etc. can be used to discover valuable patterns which predict the customers’ relationship …
Published in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 8–16 Read article
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Demand Side Load Management Using Intelligent Metering/Billing System
Abstract: Regular power framework is progressing from the integrated supply side administration to the decentralized supply and demand-side administration, because of the continuous power sources in the reconstruction of intensive structures and era (DG) and Smart Grids (SG) or smart distribution system (SDS) With the past two decades. Accordingly load the board under the new working condition turns out to be more troublesome than that under the customary condition. This paper …
Published in Journal of Advances in Shell Programming · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 17–21 Read article
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Using Shell Script Automize the Services of Server for Deployment
Abstract: AbstractNowadays, every company is trying to produce their server and trying to automize their server. Many companies prefer a Linux-based server and those who are having a windows server are switching to Linux based server, the reason is that the Linux server is very secured, high speed, cost-efficient, and privacy is maintained on a Linux server. Big companies like Google, Twitter, Facebook, Amazon, IBM, NASA, McDonald’s, missiles and weapons, hackers …
Published in Journal of Advances in Shell Programming · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 23–29 Read article
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Gold Price Prediction Using Naïve Bayes Regression Algorithm and ANN
Abstract: AbstractIn this day and age, the amount of stored data has been immensely expanding step by step which is by and large in the organized or unstructured shape and cannot be utilized for any processing to remove valuable data, so a few systems, for example, synopsis, arrangement, grouping, data extraction, expectation and perception are accessible for the same, which goes under the classification of content examination. Forecast is the branch …
Published in Journal of Open Source Developments · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 6–9 Read article