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126 articles for “Binarization”
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Electron Impact Single and Double Ionization Cross sections of Cr Ions and Atoms
Abstract: The theoretical calculations of electron impact single and double ionization cross section of Cr ion/atom have been estimated from threshold 32 eV to 1000 eV and 40eV to 6000 eV impact energies respectively. The modified Binary Encounter Approximations (BEA) has been used in the aforesaid calculation. These theoretical electron impact ionization cross sections of Chromium ion are of pivotal importance in the several studies. The Accurate expression of , cross …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 01–10 Read article
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Semiring-Weighted Automata and Recursive Path Counting for Multi-State Reliability in Discrete Infrastructures
Abstract: Multi-state infrastructures such as communication backbones, microgrids, warehouse routing systems, and sensor-actuator pipelines evolve through discrete event sequences rather than through a single binary "working/failed" transition. This paper develops a semiring-weighted automata framework for reliability analysis in which state changes, repair actions, and degraded operating modes are represented by weighted transitions on a finite automaton. A path valuation is defined over an additively idempotent reliability semiring and extended to a …
Published in Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 30–36 Read article
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Neuromorphic Spiking Neural Networks and Event-Driven Hardware: Architectures, Learning Paradigms, and Experimental Realizations
Abstract: With the current computational boom the research community is seeking for more sustainable energy efficient i.e. biologically inspired models of conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) known as the third generation of neural network models, provide a revolutionary approach by mimicking the asynchronized event-driven and temporally accurate signaling of the mammalian brain. Whereas conventional deep learning models operate with real-valued activations and dense matrix multiplications, SNNs use …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 39–46 Read article
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Experimental Analysis of Concentric Heat Exchanger with Dimpled Tube
Abstract: In this work, an experimental and CFD analysis of concentric heat exchangers with smooth andspherical dimple pipes in different mass streams with water as a working medium is presented.Heat transfer technology refers to various methods used to increase the heat transfer ratewithout significantly affecting the overall system performance. Over the past decade, severalstudies have reported indirect technology for heat transfer. The present study on the change ofthe inner tube to …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 7–12 Read article
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Segments to Evaluate Remote Sensing Imagery
Abstract: AbstractSegmentation is scheme to rely accused formation by unconventional modeling. This is first step to increase resolution of as object specific formation. Petitioning to scale is algorithmic segmented binary pixel grouping between two subjectively heterotypic forms. Nevertheless noise free has favored grouping of pixels so as comparable to real object. Parameters for segment scale are typified shape like cube or circle, color, compactness and growth of image when subjected towards …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 19–22 Read article
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Robust Color Image Watermarking using Biometric Protection and Image Authentication Key
Abstract: In recent days, it becomes difficult to provide protection to color images which were captured by modern capturing devices. This paper presents a novel work on copyright protection by providing authentication process for extraction of watermark of color still images. New blind frequency domain non-correlation based watermarking algorithm using one dimensional Walsh coding technique is introduced to improve the robustness. The developed algorithms do not required the original image for …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 15–23 Read article
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A Correct and Simple Method of Writing PFC Codes
Abstract: Data compression (DC) is thriftiness in conveying information and is akin to précise that is, the goal is to convey the same or essential information using fewer resources. In electronic engineering, it occupies an important place because it reduces the size/amount of (i) memory required to store information just like précis reduces the size of an article; (ii) bandwidth required to transmit the information—just as less number of passengers means …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 8–13 Read article
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Design of Phase Coded Sequences for MIMO Radar Systems
Abstract: MIMO radar technology is emerging trend in the radar systems and researchers are interested to explore this technology. Phased array radars show single waveform radiated in one direction where has MIMO antennas can radiate in different directions and locate multiple targets with better resolution. To design waveform for MIMO radar, every transmitted waveform must orthogonal all corresponding waveform. Many binary orthogonal sequences, i.e., orthogonal with respect to frequency or phase …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 28–35 Read article
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Substantial Enrichment of Mechanical, Thermal and Electrical Properties of Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomer by Melt Blending with Nano-ZnO
Abstract: Polymers are more reinforced with nano-metal oxides, a completely flexible composite of engineering that simplifies the way of exhibiting good mechanical and chemical features. Polymer mixtures represent a very vital field in the handling of innovative ingredients, which have better features than net polymers. Polymer mixtures can deliver ingredients with prolonged useful features beyond the range that can be achieved from a single polymer equivalent. A methodical study was performed …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 12–22 Read article
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Overview of Face Detection and Expression Recognition by LBPH
Abstract: This paper gives an overview of facial expression recognition and face detection by LBPH technique, in this work facial expression will identify basic human expressions such as happy, disgust, anger, neutral, sadand surprise. To specify the visual pattern and its various aspects, we employ vector for face identification a local binary pattern histogram (LBPH) and a Haar-cascade classifier are utilized. This paper will explain about face detection and expression recognition …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 12–17 Read article
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Water Permeability of Hybrid Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Abstract: Results of an investigation conducted to study the water permeability of (HySFRC) are presented. Steel fibers of different lengths, i.e., 12.5, 25 and 50 mm having constant diameter of 0.6 mm were systematically combined in different mix proportions to obtain mono, binary and ternary combinations corresponding to 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% fiber volume fractions. A reference concrete mix containing no fibers was also cast for comparison purpose. A total number …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 30–37 Read article
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A Review: Fusion of Face and Iris by using Support Vector Machine
Abstract: AbstractA new approach for personal identification based on the fusion of iris & face recognition is presented in this paper. Biometric innovations are the establishment of the personal identification system. A biometric system recognizes a person based on a few characteristics or forms. This is in many instances watched in the region of security, privacy, and forensics. Even for the great of unimodal biometric systems, it is frequently no longer …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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A Review of Research on Optical Character Recognition for Devanagari language
Abstract: An Optical Character Recognition (OCR) System is a propelled framework by which embedded textual information is repossessed through digitizing from graphical media like an image. Developing such software system for handwritten characters with different handwriting is still a challenge. Sometimes it contains different letters in other than English language. This paper gives an entire idea about Optical Character Recognition (OCR) framework for computerized camera caught medias/pictures installed literary records. Toward …
Published in Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 17–23 Read article
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Study of DTMF Technology Robot (Bomb Detection Device) without Microcontroller
Abstract: Abstract We observe that the control system is designed to operate a humanoid robot, using DTMF (dual tone multiple frequency) technologies of mobile phones are used for long-range operation. The mobile phone with operator act as a transmitter in the circuit and the one attached to the robot act as a receiver, hence no additional communication devices are required in the circuit network. If any button we pressed using DTMF …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 21–24 Read article
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Design and Implementation of A 4-bit Multiplier using Wallace Tree Architecture in 180 nm Technology
Abstract: Over the period of last decade, power dissipation has become one of the most important factors for VLSI designers in the design of most digital systems. Even though the speed and area are considered to be the critical factors in design of digital systems, there is a trade of with power consumption. Adders and multipliers are the most important arithmetic units in a processor and the major sources of power …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 17–23 Read article
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Data Transmission Using Laser
Abstract: This paper proposes a model to transmit data using raspberry pi, Laser light and Light Detecting Resistance(LDR) sensor. The model takes the input as a file and then the data is encoded into binary, then encrypted . Now the encrypted data is transmitted to the receiver side using a Laser which is detected by the LDR sensor. After that the received data is decrypted and decoded into the required file. …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 18–23 Read article
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Interference of Components in Metallic Diffusion
Abstract: Eight different pairs of metals which diffuse in each other in a solid state composition and make a homogenous or heterogeneous mixture are considered for deeper understanding of diffusion phenomenon, w.r.t. direction of diffusion, etc. Further the authors interpret which factors are responsible for the metal and/or more specifically which metal atom will be active in the diffusion process. The analysis evidenced number of breakage of bonds in the substrate …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 23–30 Read article
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An Optimized 32 bit Carry Select Adder Using Modified BEC
Abstract: AbstractAdders play a major role in addition of numbers, multiplications and other advanced processors’ design. Among the conventional adder structures, carry select adder is known to be fastest adder. This adder circuit is used for the design of high speed processors. The CSLA adder architecture is such that it is of less power dissipation, area efficient and high speed. CSLA circuit for 8, 16, 32 bits is designed without multiplexer …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 27–32 Read article
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A Survey on Different Speech Enhancement Algorithms used in Hearing Aid Application
Abstract: AbstractThe requirement for efficient speech enhancement techniques in hearing prosthetics is encountered for many practical applications. Existing speech enhancement algorithms can improve speech quality but not speech intelligibility and reasons for that are unresolved. In the development process of noise reduction algorithms, an objective with speech intelligibility is of great interest. In this review paper, different algorithms for hearing prosthetics are studied. After reviewing standard methods used for speech intelligibility …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Design of a Multipurpose Ternary Arithmetic Circuit Using CNTFET
Abstract: AbstractIn this paper, a multipurpose ternary arithmetic circuit is presented for ternary processors based on carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs). Both addition and subtraction can be performed using same circuit’s configuration, which is the special feature of the proposed circuit. The combination of pseudo and complimentary logic structure are employed to blend the binary and ternary logic techniques. The propagation delay and power delay product are 139.5 pico second …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 13–24 Read article