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1960 articles for “4” (ranking capped at the first 2,000 matches — narrow the search to see the rest)
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THE BURDEN OF EMPIRICAL THERAPY: ANALYZING THE PREDOMINANCE OF BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTIC USAGE IN LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
Abstract: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and hospitalization worldwide, particularly among older adults, immunocompromised individuals, and patients with chronic respiratory disorders. These infections include conditions such as community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, bronchitis, and acute infective exacerbations of chronic lung disease, all of which often require rapid clinical intervention. Because microbiological confirmation of the causative pathogen frequently takes 48–72 hours, clinicians generally initiate empirical …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Linear Programming for Profit Optimization in Small-Scale Manufacturing: A Python-Based Simplex and Machine Learning Approach
Abstract: Profit maximization under resource constraints is a classic challenge. Small manufacturers face tight margins and scarce capital every day. This paper tackles that problem using four Python-based methods. The case study is Bintang Bakery in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. The bakery makes three bread types and faces 18 resource constraints. Data comes from Anggoro et al. Methods tested include LP revised simplex, Differential Evolution, PSO, and ANN Surrogate. General-purpose scipy minimizers …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Statistics · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 01–11 Read article
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Recent Advancements and Layering Techniques in Nanoparticle-Reinforced Hybrid Composites: A Comprehensive Analysis
Abstract: This review examines the advancements in nanoparticle-reinforced fiber composites, focusing on natural fibers, synthetic fibers, hybrid composites, and fiber metal laminates (FMLs). Nanoparticles such as SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and graphene, introduced at 0.5–3% volume, have significantly enhanced mechanical, thermal, and wear properties. Comparative studies reveal that hybrid composites reinforced with 1–2% nanoparticles show a 20-30% increase in tensile strength and a 15-25% improvement in thermal stability compared to non-reinforced composites. …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 83–89 Read article
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Activating agents control the morphology of activated carbon materials from biomass
Abstract: The stems of the plant Calotropis gigantea (Cg) were were used as a feedstock for the activated carbon material. Carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) and oxalate (Na 2 C 2 O 4 ) were used as chemical activating agents. The morphological features of the activated carbon materials were characterized using FEG-SEM. The morphology of the activated carbon materials is found to depend on the type of activating agent used. …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 27–38 Read article
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Comprehensive Performance Assessment of Silane-Treated Bio-Extracted Husk Fiber Reinforced Composites for Sustainable Construction Applications
Abstract: This research project is an extensive experimental study on bio-extracted husk fiber polymer composites with a focus on silane surface treatment. Bio-extracted rice husk fibers underwent an alkali-enzymatic hybrid extraction process followed by a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) treatment for improved interfacial adhesion and matrix compatibility. Resin composites with treated and untreated fibers were fabricated with a weight ratio of 10%, 20%, and 30% via hand lay-up methods. A battery of mechanical …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 229–241 Read article
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Analysis of Thermoelectric Generator for Automotive Exhaust Energy Recovery
Abstract: Utilizing waste heat from thermodynamic systems has shown to be a successful tactic for reducing environmental emissions and improving overall energy efficiency. About 40% of the chemical energy generated during fuel combustion is rejected by exhaust gases in internal combustion engines. It is possible to increase vehicle fuel efficiency and lower greenhouse gas emissions by harvesting this otherwise lost heat energy and turning it into useable electrical power. A viable …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 21–33 Read article
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Numerical and Experimental Investigation on I-type Damage Evolution in Glass Fiber Reinforced Laminates Subjected to Quasi Static Loading
Abstract: Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites has become more popular material used in aerospace and marine structural applications due to their specific strength and anti-corrosion properties. The present work discusses the numerical and experimental investigation on I-type damage evaluation in glass fiber reinforced laminates under quasi-static loading is presented. Three volume fraction of glass and resin (40/60, 50/50 and 60/40) plies were selected for both numerical and experimental damage analysis. The …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 27–33 Read article
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Thermally Stimulated Luminescence and Electron Spin Resonance Study of Gamma Irradiated Poly Carbonate
Abstract: Polycarbonate (PC) is an industrially important polymer. Gamma irradiation effects of PC are investigated by thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques. The TSL spectra of irradiated PC have shown two glow peaks, around 149oC (422 K) and 165oC (438 K). The observed glow peaks are analysed by initial rise methods, Chen’s method and modified initial rise method. The trap parameters corresponding to the two glow peaks …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 23–39 Read article
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Formation, Analysis and Characterization of Wood Pyrolysed Oil
Abstract: Pyrolysis of wood is the possible path for converting biomass to higher valuable products such as bio-oil, bio-char and bio-gas. Bio-oil or liquid bio-fuels have higher heating values, so it can store and transport more conveniently the by-products bio-char and bio-gas, which can be used to provide heat required in the process. This work is focused on the formation, analysis and characterization of bio-oil which was obtained from the mixed …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 36–41 Read article
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Mass Transfer Correlation Development in Circular Conduit with the Presence of Entry Region Spiral Tape Wound on Rod as Turbulence Promoter in Homogeneous Flow
Abstract: In this study, an experimental investigation has been carried out to develop a model for mass transfer correlation. As a part of that experimental data obtained in terms of limiting current values and the data was measured for various flow rates using spiral tape wound on a rod promoters of varying geometric parameters. The geometric parameters are height (H), width (W) and the pitch (P). The experiment carried out for …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 1, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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DNA Binding and Cleavage Studies of Cobalt Complexes Containing Bioactive Mixed Ligands
Abstract: The complexes containing bioactive ligand of the type [Co(L1L2)] (PF6)2 complex (1) (where L1=1,10-phenanthroline and L2 = N,N-dimethyl-2-{5-[(pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}ethanamine (almotriptan) in 1:1 molar ratio of ligands) and [Co(L1L3L4)] (PF6)2 complex (2) (where L3=4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine, L4=1H-benzimidazole-2-thiol and the ligands are in the ratio 1:1:1, were synthesized and characterized. The DNA binding property of the complexes with calf thymus DNA has been investigated using absorption spectra, viscosity measurements and thermal denaturation experiments. The intrinsic …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 49–56 Read article
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Modelling the Reliability and unreliability of Selected Gas Plant Units
Abstract: This research demonstrates the reliability analysis of some units of some selected Gas Plant. In the study, unit plants of reboiler, stripper, cooling, compressor, acid dehydrated, heat transfer fluid, expander, and liquefaction were examined in terms of reliability and unreliability for a period of eight years. The results obtained revealed decrease in reliability value of unit plant with increase in period of utilization, whereas unreliability and cost increased with increase …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–18 Read article
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The Application of Buckingham Pi Theorem to Monitor Procurement Service Delivery: A Case Study of Walnut Wood
Abstract: The aim of this research is to demonstrate the application of Buckingham theorem to monitor procurement delivery of Walnut wood. In this investigation, wood material of walnut wood density, constant area, diameter and velocity was used to monitor, predict and simulate the weight, delivery time and tensile strength on the truck. The walnut wood material was investigated in terms of delivery time, tensile strength and the effect on the truck …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 54–63 Read article
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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE
Abstract: The consumption of fossil fuels has gone up to such a high level that problems like global warming, ozone layer depletion has become a prominent issue of concern .In order to protect the environment, harnessing of renewable energy is important. Having this overview in our mind, we designed and developed a model of a compressed air engine. This model utilizes the energy of compressed air to do mechanical work. To …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 40–47 Read article
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Experimental, Analytical and Numerical Study of Energy Absorption Properties of Aluminum Crush Boxes with and without Buckling Initiators (Axial Loading)
Abstract: The crashworthiness in automobile is stated as the capability of a passenger car and its interior arrangements to safe-guard occupants from harm. Whenever an accident occurs, the passengers in the car can be injured due to one of the following reasons: (1) excess acceleration force; (2) physical injury from contact with injurious surfaces, and; (3) exposed to fire, smoke, and chemicals released during accidents. Thus effective crashworthiness design must take …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Mechanical Properties of Al6061-Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composite Using Die Casting Technique
Abstract: 6061Al - Al2O3 Metal matrix composites are applied as conventional materials in the domain of aerospace, automotive and marine applications to enhance the physical properties. The present work aimed to prepare metal matrix composite using 6061Al as the matrix material. Particulates of Al2O3 with 40 µm were reinforced using die casting technique. Further level of reinforcement is being varied from 0-16wt% in steps of 4wt%. Microstructural characterization has been conducted …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 11–20 Read article
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Simulation of The Performance of Li-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles
Abstract: In this work, a simulation process, focused to study the performance of Li-ion batteries under variable driving conditions has been developed. The simulation has been tested for a battery of 100 kWh, 400 V and 250 Ah, in an electric vehicle operating in pure electric mode (EV). The results have been compared to the European standard NEDC and WLTP cycles, producing a range of 196 km for the NEDC cycle …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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Optimization of Stellite Defect in Manufacturing of Engine Valves: A Review
Abstract: Intake and exhaust valves are the important components of an engine valves which are used to control flow and replacement of fuel gases inside the cylinder. This work mainly deals with defect known as stellite defect in different sizes of engine valves; and methodology adopted to prevent valve from stellite defect. Valve base material is low alloy steel (AISI 4140) and upper surface of engine valve is generally hard faced …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Performance Evaluation of a Tilted Single Axis Photovoltaic Tracking System under Different Weather Conditions
Abstract: AbstractExperimental studies were carried out using 37 W photovoltaic (PV) panels under different weather conditions over a prolonged duration of time to evaluate the performance of a low cost tilted single axis tracking system in comparison with a horizontal single axis tracking system and two fixed PV systems. A horizontal single axis PV panel tracker (HSAPVPT) and a tilted single axis PV panel tracker (TSAPVPT) were set up to compare …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 45–55 Read article
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Design, Simulation, Installation and Economic Analysis of 50kW Grid Connected Solar PV System
Abstract: AbstractThis study aimed to develope a standard procedure for the design of Gridconnected solar PV systems using the roofs of buildings. The standard procedure developed was validated in the design of a 50 kW Grid-connected solar PV system for Vijayaraje Institute of Science and Management (VISM), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The project began with a pre-feasibility study of a 50kW Grid-conducted solar PV system using meteonorm software developed by meteotest. …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 1–14 Read article