Search
1973 articles for “costing” (ranking capped at the first 2,000 matches — narrow the search to see the rest)
-
Voice over Wi-Fi Employing SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
Abstract: AbstractIn the recent years, VoIP and SIP based calling has been emerging as a new innovation and a master technology in reducing all over cost of communication and secure calling among various MNCs and other management based calling centres. Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWi-Fi) emerged after voice over IP (VoIP) and manifests to be a useful technology. It acts as a substitute to usual coaxial cable phone system. The purpose of …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 32–34 Read article
-
Solar Powered Automatic Turmeric Planting Machine
Abstract: AbstractRenewable energy and farming are a winning combination. Agriculture plays an important role in the life of economy. Among various crops, turmeric plays a major role. During manual planting, the labour has to dig the soil. In current technology, semi-automatic machine is used which leads to air and noise pollution due to emission of greenhouse gases. The main intention of this project is to develop a solar powered fully automatic …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 23–29 Read article
-
Genetic Testing: An Intervention of Biotechnology for Healthy Motherhood
Abstract: The journey from a woman to a mother had been one of the sweetest of its kind. Having a child with a chronic illness has a major impact on the family as a whole, especially mothers. Mothers of a child with chronic disease experience difficulties in dealing with feelings which may subsequently lead to a dysfunctional family. Usually parenting stress is more on mothers caused by having their more affectionate …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 87s–90s Read article
-
Antibody Pharming in Transgenic Plants: An Overview
Abstract: Antibodies (Abs) are secreted large-sized glycoprotein products of terminally differentiated B cells in vertebrate species and since their discovery during 1890s, they have been widely used for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases, epidemiology and life-science research. They have been traditionally produced in large amounts by repeated immunization of animals. Various techniques for production of full-length and fragments of antibody that have been introduced later are: (i). hybridoma technology during …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2013 · pp. 1–10 Read article
-
Management of Diabetes Mellitus—A General Review
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus poses a big economic burden with regards to health system costs, indirect costs arising from losses occasioned by patient disability and premature mortality, time spent by family members accompanying patients when seeking care, and intangible costs in terms of psychological pain to the family and loved ones. Lifestyle management is apparently the cornerstone of management of diabetes mellitus and it is as important as medication. Hence, this article …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 29–33 Read article
-
Interval Laparoscopic Appendectomy: An Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Centre of a Developing Nation
Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic surgery requires an elaborate console and sophisticated laparoscopic instruments such as endoscopic stapler, endoscopic clip, Ligasure, and Harmonic scalpel which attribute to higher cost of surgery. The aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the safety profile and outcome of Laparoscopic Appendectomy using basic laparoscopic instruments and low-cost suture materials in a tertiary care hospital of a developing nation. Materials and Methods: This was an observational …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 13–18 Read article
-
Alternative Approaches to Cancer Management: Exploring Uani Medicine's Role in Integrated Treatment
Abstract: The Arabic word “Sartan,” which means “crab,” is used to refer to cancer. The term cancer represents a group of diseases, about 200 tumours recognized as abnormal cellular proliferation (neoplasm). Over time the term cancer evolved to encompass a wide range of malignant tumors including those that affect tissues beyond the epithelial layer such as sarcomas and leukemia. The diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer today must take a multidisciplinary …
Published in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 16–21 Read article
-
Design and Development of Extruder for Plastic Wastes
Abstract: Plastic waste has become one of the most significant environmental challenges due to its widespread use, non-biodegradable nature, and increasing accumulation in landfills and water bodies. The rapid growth in plastic consumption has created an urgent need for effective recycling technologies that can reduce environmental pollution while recovering valuable materials. Among the various recycling techniques, extrusion is considered an efficient and economical method for converting plastic waste into reusable products. …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Production Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
-
A Review on Arduino Based Distance Measurement Device
Abstract: Distance measurement plays a vital role in modern engineering applications such as robotics, defense systems, automotive safety, industrial automation, and assistive technologies. Traditional measuring tools such as rulers and measuring tapes are simple but not suitable for real-time and dynamic environments. On the other hand, advanced technologies such as LiDAR and radar provide high accuracy but involve high cost and complex implementation. This review paper provides a thorough analysis of …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 40–46 Read article
-
A Review Paper on Scheduling of Electric Vehicle using Different Types of Electric Motor
Abstract: The rapid growth of electric vehicles has created a strong need for efficient scheduling strategies to enhance overall system performance and energy utilization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of scheduling approaches for electric vehicles by considering different types of electric motors, including direct current motors, brushless direct current motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, switched reluctance motors, and induction motors. Each motor type exhibits unique operational characteristics that influence efficiency, …
Published in Journal of Mechatronics and Automation · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 71–78 Read article
-
Study of technical and economic assessment of solar-assisted and thermoelectric air-conditioning technologies
Abstract: This study presents an integrated technical and economic assessment of solar-assisted absorption and thermoelectric air-conditioning technologies for residential cooling applications. A comprehensive methodology combining mathematical modelling, experimental characterization of thermoelectric modules, numerical simulation, and economic optimization was developed to evaluate the performance of both cooling systems. The solar-assisted system employs single-effect LiBr–H₂O absorption chillers operating under water-cooled and air-cooled configurations, simulated using TRNSYS and Engineering Equation Solver (EES), while the …
Published in International Journal of Energy and Thermal Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
-
Smart Water Management System for Precision Irrigation
Abstract: Water scarcity and inefficient irrigation practices remain critical challenges in modern agriculture, necessitating the adoption of intelligent and sustainable solutions. This review paper explores the concept and development of Smart Water Management Systems for Precision Irrigation, which integrate advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks, artificial intelligence, and data analytics to optimize water usage. The study examines various system architectures, including sensor-based soil moisture monitoring, …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–7 Read article
-
Optimization of RCC Building Frames Using Bracing and Without Bracing with Various Position of Shear Wall
Abstract: This review paper aims to analyze the optimization of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) building frames. In particular, it sets out to analyze the structural performance of frames that have not been braced, and frames which have been braced, along with the different shear wall configurations. RCC frames (as the name suggests) are key elements of modern construction because they offer strength combined with flexibility. In addition, structural elements such as …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 34–44 Read article
-
Short Review on Indoor Farming a Future of the Country
Abstract: We are currently confronted with unstoppable tendencies in population growth, water scarcity,urbanization, and ongoing and persistent climatic change. All of these factors lead to dwindling arable land stocks per person. Land resources for agriculture are dwindling, and officials in the country are grappling with issues of sustainability and feeding the country's fast rising population. Exemplified urban vertical farming is the ideal approach for increasing food production in the future. Its …
Published in International Journal of AgroChemistry Read article
-
Additive Manufacturing of Rocket Propulsion System: A Review
Abstract: In recent years plenty of research is going on to produce effective manufacturing techniques which can produce complex unique designs with reduced cost and lead time for aerospace applications. In this aspect, Additive manufacturing is getting a wide range of popularity in the aerospace manufacturing domain due to its vast applications and advantages. In terms of geometric flexibility and processing time, additive manufacturing outperforms conventional manufacturing processes. Additive manufacturing has …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering Read article
-
Surveillance Drone
Abstract: In today's society, surveillance is becoming increasingly important in order to maintain a place's decorum and assure the safety and security of its inhabitants. In this case, an aerial monitoring system will be beneficial. This study explains how an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) can be used to create an aerial surveillance system. We begin by describing the elements of our airborne surveillance system, followed by a discussion of some of …
Published in Recent Trends in Programming languages Read article
-
Communication Interpretation Device for Deaf and Blind
Abstract: At immediate circumstances differently abled people require pathway to lead a normal life. Technology has always helped people with disabilities. Due to digital revolution, many apps and gadgets have reduced the challenges faced on a daily basis by differently abled. The aim of our research paper is to create a single device solution in such a way which is simple, fast, accurate and cost-effective. The main purpose of the prototype …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks Read article
-
Treatment of Textile Industrial Wastewater using Hydrophilized Polyamide Nanofiltration Membrane for Water Recovery and Reuse
Abstract: The textile industry is very water intensive. Water is used for cleaning the raw material and for many flushing steps during the entire production process. During the process a large quantity of wastewater is produced which consists of dyes, heavy metals, pigments, and surfactants in high concentration levels all around the world. Dyes and other chemical laden wastewater released by textile industries is a major concern for the treatment which …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research Read article
-
Productions and Characterization of Biodiesel by Base Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction from Dairy Waste Scum of DEI Dairy, Agra
Abstract: With the increase in prices and rapid depletion of petroleum-based fuels, the investigation is being done to look over an alternative fuel source. Presently, the biodiesel is mainly produced from vegetable sources such as jatropa oil, karanja oil, rapeseed, soybean, and others that could overlap with nutritional requirement of the society if produced at large scale. Also, the production cost of biodiesel from vegetable and animal sources is very high …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology Read article
-
Techno-economic Assessment of a Domestic Refrigerator with Aluminium-based Suction Line and Capillary Tube
Abstract: The present work reports the experimental performance evaluation of aluminum suction line-based domestic refrigerators. Furthermore, it compared domestic refrigerators with conventional copper capillary tubes and suction lines using R600a as a refrigerant. Performance parameters: energy consumption, ice-making time, and pull-down time was reduced significantly compared to conventional copper suction and capillary tube. Refrigerants having Ambient temperature for ice making test and pull down were initially set at 43°C and that …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites Read article