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466 articles for “protocol”
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Recent Routing Protocols in UAV Networks: Classifications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Abstract: Routing protocols enable reliable communication in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks, particularly Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs), amid high-speed 3D mobility, dynamic topologies, and energy limits. Key challenges include intermittent links due to mobility, limited energy resources, variable network density, and the need to minimize end-to-end delay while maximizing throughput and fault tolerance. This paper classifies recent UAV routing protocols into topology-based routing protocols, position-based routing protocols, and hierarchical-based routing protocols. …
Published in International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis Review · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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MANET Communication in Embedded Devices through Adjoined Heterogeneous Protocols for Defence Application
Abstract: In this paper, we present a packet management technique for establishing communication by conjoining heterogeneous protocols in MANET that are implemented using Scilab tool in several embedded devices. The module presented here for packet management functions is NARVAL in Scilab. As any network has loads of packets, packet management techniques are necessary for handling the packets in the flow, at the source and also at the destination. The outcome of …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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IoT Protocol for Hybrid Hub-Node Topology
Abstract: AbstractCommunication between two or more smart devices can be established using various topologies and protocols like wifi, bluetooth, zigbee, LoRAWAN, Sigfox, etc. All these protocols have a limitation, no device can talk to other directly or in other words (M2M) or broadcast, it should always have a hub or gateway through which it can connect. This paper will provide an overview on the protocol that is engineered to allow devices …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 36–41 Read article
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Survey on Various Routing Protocols and Mobility Models used in Mobile Ad Hoc Network
Abstract: Abstract: This paper includes the detail study of MANET explanation, concept and the main contributions in this field such as categories of routing protocol that tell which protocol be used. It starts with introduction, technology, applications, and characteristics. In this survey, our most important apprehension is routing protocol and mobility model only.Keywords: MANET, routing protocol (AODV, DSR, DSDV, OLSR, ZRP), mobility model (RWP)Cite this Article: Hemlata Arya, Atul Chauhan. Survey …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 40–45 Read article
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Cryptanalysis of Modified STPKE’ Protocol
Abstract: ABSTRACTIn 2007, Lu and Cao proposed a simple 3-party authenticated key exchange (S-3PAKE) protocol. Kim and Koi found that this protocol cannot resist undetectable online password guessing attacks and gave fixed STPKE’ protocol as a countermeasure using exclusive-or operation. Recently, Tallapally and Padmavathy found that STPKE’ is still vulnerable to undetectable online password guessing attack and gave a modified STPKE’ protocol. In this article, we show that the improvement that …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2012 · pp. 43–48 Read article
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Wired for Mobility: Investigating Routing Protocols and AI Integration in MANETs
Abstract: Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), which operate without a fixed infrastructure, communicate wirelessly in a dynamic and demanding environment. In these kinds of situations, routing becomes essential to guaranteeing effective data transfer. The dynamic topology and shifting network conditions of MANETs present challenges for traditional routing protocols. The blending of routing protocols with Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques has become a viable way to improve MANET performance in recent …
Published in International Journal of Robotics and Automation in Mechanics · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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Investigation on Various Routing Protocols in Ad Hoc Networks
Abstract: AbstractThis paper diligently investigates and analysis recent works on ad hoc network protocols and gives an in-depth comparison of all protocols, thus suggesting which one to use for higher performance. In recent years more emphasis is being laid on wireless ad hoc networks that is MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) or WANET (Wireless ad hoc Network). This evolution has undergone a remarkable and unstoppable change of trend. As the topology …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 7–12 Read article
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Practical Implementation of Routing Protocol in MANETs
Abstract: AbstractPlethora of work has been done in the past to find out the solution of problems and major difficulties faced by the mobile adhoc networks. Currently , the mobile adhoc networks faces the problem of routing mechanisms [1] , power consumptions, rapid topology changes due to mobile nature of the MANETS node. This paper describes about the various steps of configurations that are needed to implement the route agreement protocol …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 25–31 Read article
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Enhancement of Inter-vehicular Communication in VANET based on LEACH and AODV Protocol by Removing the Energy Holes
Abstract: Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is a particular kind of Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET), in which vehicles on the road form the nodes of the networks. VANETs several applications are used in Intelligent Transportation System. The dynamic variation in topology shortens the forceful time of routing. Ad-hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is the important routing protocol for VANET. It makes several unutilized routes between a source and a …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 25–32 Read article
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Performance Evaluation of Topology Based Routing Protocols for VANET in City Scenario
Abstract: Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is an emerging technology that will help in increasing road safety of commuters and comfort of passengers. In this paper, we compare various topology based routing protocols Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV), Ad-hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) that are Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) protocols for their behavior in VANET networks, that is a subclass of MANET based on few parameters. The …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 47–54 Read article
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Trustable Digital Design Counter-Measures against Eavesdropping and Man-in-the-Middle Attacks in Qi Wireless Power Transfer Protocol
Abstract: Qi is a wireless power transfer protocol by which power can be transferred from a wireless power transmitter to a wireless power receiver. The power receiver controls the power that will be transmitted from the power transmitter by sending several forms of control packets to power transmitter as necessary. But under the current specifications of the protocol, there is no authentication mechanism by which a power transmitter can recognize whether …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 26–40 Read article
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A Survey on Congestion Control in Wireless Network Using Different Protocols
Abstract: AbstractThis paper presents a complete summary of work on congestion control in wireless network within the layers of the wireless network protocol. This paper is about the wireless network and the congestion in wireless network, describe the routing protocols such as proactive and reactive protocols (DSDV, DSR and AODV). Explain queue management and types of queue management such as Active Queue Management (AQM) and Passive Queue Management (PQM) and their …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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Throughput Analysis of Proactive and Reactive MANET Routing Protocols Over FTP and CBR
Abstract: communicating with nodes while not the utilization of network infrastructure or any centralized administration. Manet is taken into account a group of a wireless mobile node. there's variety of manet routing protocol or are developed however these all the protocols don't seem to be capable of manufacture economical routing of packet in sizable amount of node because as a result of their own limitations. Ad hoc routing technology has been …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 23–26 Read article
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LoRa WANET: MAC Protocol Design Approach
Abstract: The evolvement of WANET and IoT across the globe is a necessity to build a system that have better capabilities than the system in place and extend its area of application to a whole new level. LoRaWAN, 6LOWPAN are some of the protocols being used as primary standards in LoRa but these protocols don’t allow to form an ad hoc type of network and provide point to point (P2P) connections. …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 19–25 Read article
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A Comparative Study of Routing Protocols and Artificial Intelligence in Manets
Abstract: Decentralized networks called Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) allow mobile nodes to dynamically connect to one another without the need for fixed infrastructure. An overview of MANETs is given in this work, along with a discussion of their features, uses, and difficulties. It explores how routing protocols, such as proactive, reactive, and hybrid protocols, are categorized in MANETs and provides examples and features for each. It also examines the performance …
Published in International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Systems Analysis · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 31–38 Read article
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Enhancing Safety Protocols in Industrial Operations
Abstract: Industrial safety is a crucial aspect of maintaining both operational efficiency and protecting the workforce in hazardous environments. Despite significant advancements in safety technologies and regulatory frameworks, industrial accidents remain a persistent problem, often leading to severe injuries, fatalities, and financial losses. Such incidents typically arise from a combination of factors, including human error, equipment malfunctions, and insufficient safety protocols. In response to these challenges, this paper examines key strategies …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Single Case Study on the Effectiveness of Macquarie Injury Management Group (MIMG) Protocol on the Subject of Primary Osteoarthritis of Knee
Abstract: Aim: To check the effectiveness of Macquarie Injury Management Group (MIMG) protocol in subject of primary osteoarthritis of knee. Purpose: Manual therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis, but it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the MIMG manual therapy technique. However, there is a dearth of literature on the effectiveness of Macquarie injury management group (MIMG) protocol in subject of osteoarthritis of knee. …
Published in International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing and Practices · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 7–12 Read article
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Drone Safety Protocols Developing and Implementing Safety Procedures
Abstract: The increasing utilization of drones across various sectors, including agriculture, logistics, surveillance, and recreational activities, necessitates the establishment of robust safety protocols to mitigate risks associated with their operation. This study explores the development and implementation of comprehensive safety procedures for drone operations, focusing on both regulatory compliance and technological advancements. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend the legal frameworks set forth by aviation authorities, including the …
Published in International Journal on Drones · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 44–49 Read article
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Routing Protocols in FANETs with Future Enhancements
Abstract: Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs), which are swarms of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are an emerging solution which revolutionized the area of mission-critical and infrastructure-less communication systems. These networks provide real-time data transfer for use cases such as disaster relief, battlefield observation, environmental monitoring, and 6G-based smart cities. However, the dynamic profile of FANETs, which is defined by high 3D mobility, limited energy resources, unstable wireless links, and constant topology …
Published in Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 8–13 Read article
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Adaptive Routing Protocol to Optimize the Quality of Service of MANET Using Neural Network
Abstract: A MANET is a group of mobile nodes that create a temporary network without relying on centralized administration or standard supporting devices, often functioning as a conventional network. These dynamic environments present significant challenges for traditional routing and switching protocols, particularly in delivering Quality of Service (QoS) benchmarks such as bandwidth, latency, packet delivery ratio, and robustness. This study proposes an Adaptive Routing Protocol (ARP) leveraging Neural Network (NN) techniques …
Published in Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 01–09 Read article