Search
436 articles for “cost factors”
-
Earned Value Technique is an Essential Project Management Tool to Prevent Cost Overrun
Abstract: The cost of construction projects has a long history of exceeding the planned cost. At the project level, this is termed as “Project Cost Overrun”. This research reviews the main critical factors of causing the cost overrun of the projects in the construction stage. These factors have been collected from previous literatures and studies to identify the reasons behind the inefficiency of the existed site cost monitoring and control system …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 18–37 Read article
-
Basic Re-procurement Considerations Influencing Highway Projects in Nigeria
Abstract: Failures in road construction project procurement are attributed to the existence of many factors right from the inception. Such factors include costs, technical capabilities, qualities, sub-contractors, resources, risk events, among others. These factors have direct consequence on the funding, the estimated time of the project completion and may result in outright termination of the project. In order to meet targeted project goals, project client seeks alternative measures of reviving the …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 1–11 Read article
-
Economics of Vegetable Seed Production in Arghakhanchi, Nepal
Abstract: Vegetable seed sector, though emerging both in area and production, knowledge regarding profitability and resource productivity is not clear among the seed producers. In this context, a study to estimate the economics of vegetable seed production was conducted in Arghakhanchi district of Nepal. Cost and return analysis showed that the average cost of production per Kg for bean, cowpea and pea seed was NRs. 145.78, NRs. 153.1 and NRs. 135.79 …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–7 Read article
-
Significance and Analysis of the Time and Cost Overrun in the Construction Industry of Mumbai
Abstract: The occurrence of time and cost overrun has become quite significant in a majority of construction projects in India, which is negatively affecting the GDP and potential development of nation. As per the statistics of project cost and duration in March 2012, 179 projects out of 555 projects of worth 150 Crore INR have been facing cost and time overrun and others are at the very high risk, with the …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 7–13 Read article
-
Using MCDM Methods in automotive industry- A Review
Abstract: In the automobile sector, choosing the best car necessitates weighing a number of factors, including cost, fuel economy, performance, safety, and environmental impact. In order to solve complicated situations that need the simultaneous evaluation of multiple conflicting aspects, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) procedures are essential. Among the various MCDM approaches, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and MOORA are widely recognized for their straightforward structure …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 22–28 Read article
-
A Comprehensive Review of Biodegradable Polymers in Sustainable Packaging Applications
Abstract: The widespread use of synthetic plastics poses significant environmental challenges due to their durability and dependence on non-renewable resources. Biodegradable plastics, derived from renewable biological sources, offer a sustainable alternative that can mitigate waste disposal issues and environmental pollution. This paper examines the factors influencing the suitability of bioplastics for various packaging applications and discusses emerging techniques to enhance their properties. Regarding packaging applications in particular, biodegradable plastics offer a …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Food Science & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 28–37 Read article
-
Conservation of Agricultural Products in Sub-Saharan Zone by Ecological Off-grid Cold Room, Case of Senegal
Abstract: In this article, we have studied and dimensioned a solar cold room for the preservation of potatoes in sub-Saharan areas. The conservation of post-harvest agricultural products is a major issue in this part of Africa, hence the need to focus our research on off-grid refrigeration installations. In this work, we focused on the use of local materials such as agricultural residues and terracotta for the construction of solar cold rooms. …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 24–35 Read article
-
Query Optimization
Abstract: Abstract: In general, optimization is important task. optimization of a query is a difficult task when the case of large database it a more difficult to solve the problem and that can be said as NP-hard problem. This research is done to find a suitable query optimization algorithm on the basis of various factors like cost and time. In this research paper, various optimization algorithm is used to find the …
Published in Journal of Advances in Shell Programming · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 20–24 Read article
-
Power Factor Improvement of Boost PFC Converter for Street Light Application
Abstract: Street lighting is an integral part of urban infrastructure, ensuring public safety and urban development. The conventional street lighting systems often exhibit poor power factor characteristics, leading to inefficient energy usage and increased electricity costs. This paper presents a study focused on enhancing the power factor of a Boost Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter tailored specifically for street light applications. The Light Emitting Diode (LED) streetlights powered by AC sources …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 12–18 Read article
-
Green Remediation and Eco-Sustainability: Enhancing Human Wellness and Welfare Through Planned Integration of Eco-Composites
Abstract: Green remediation involves assessing the complete environmental impact of implementing a solution and integrating choices to optimize the overall environmental gains from cleanup actions. This introductory guide delineates the principles of green remediation and explores possibilities for diminishing the environmental footprint of cleanup activities over the course of a project. Conserving environment is a prime concern soliciting our attention for making the external environment, including the physical, natural, social and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 242–251 Read article
-
From Trash to Treasure: A Critical Review of Waste-to-Energy Technologies for Solid Waste Utilization
Abstract: Efficiently managing the escalating global issue of solid waste necessitates sustainable strategies. Waste-to-energy technology emerges as a viable solution, offering a means to utilise solid waste while mitigating its environmental impact. This review comprehensively investigates waste-to-energy techniques, including incineration, anaerobic digestion, and gasification, evaluating their efficiency, environmental implications, and applicability. The environmental effects of waste-to-energy plants, encompassing aspects like air emissions, ash management, and wastewater treatment, are scrutinised. Additionally, the …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 44–68 Read article
-
Design and Development of Mini-Groundnut Oil Extraction Machine for Domestic Purpose
Abstract: A machine is designed to extract various types of oil from groundnuts. The primary purpose of this machine is to facilitate the extraction of oil using a mechanical extraction method, specifically employing a screw press mechanism to crush the seeds and extract the oil. The design prioritizes portability, ease of use, and high extraction efficiency. It comprises several components, including the frame, hopper, gear reduction unit, pulleys, bearings, and power …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 31–38 Read article
-
Agro- residue Pretreatment Tools and Techniques: A Detailed review
Abstract: This review examines the significance of biomass pre-treatment in facilitating efficient biofuel production from lignocellulosic materials. Different methods of pre-treatment, such as acid, alkaline, liquid hot water, ionic liquids, organosolv, ozonolysis, wet oxidation, steam explosion, ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX), carbon dioxide explosion, and biological pretreatment, are examined in terms of their underlying principles, benefits, and drawbacks. Acid pretreatment effectively hydrolyzes hemicellulose but suffers from equipment corrosion and high operational costs, …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Botany · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 22–31 Read article
-
Single-Phase Electric Vehicle Battery Charger With Bidirectional Capability
Abstract: Electric vehicle (EV) technology has become prominent nowadays in the automotive industry and is playing a key role in decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and advancing sustainable transportation. Bidirectional battery chargers are a key part of EV infrastructure. They not only help to exchange power from the grid to your car’s battery, but they also let energy flow from your car to the grid, giving you V2G capabilities. EVs may …
Published in International Journal of Optical Innovations & Research · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–8 Read article
-
A Multi-Criteria Analysis Based on Various Factors for Evaluation of Organic-Mineral Fertilizer Components
Abstract: This study explores the potential of organic-mineral fertilizers as sustainable alternatives to synthetic options, evaluating ten such fertilizers, including coffee grounds, poultry eggshells, bone meal, Fish Emulsion, compost, cow manure, wood ash, biochar, seaweed extract, and green manure. A multi-criteria analysis assessed factors like effectiveness, cost, environmental impact, availability, and waste potential. Coffee grounds and poultry eggshells performed best due to their high nutrient content and positive soil effects, with …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 32–44 Read article
-
Evaluation of Organic-Mineral Fertilizer Components: A Multi-Criteria Analysis Based on Various Factors
Abstract: This study explores the potential of organic-mineral fertilizers as sustainable alternatives to synthetic options, evaluating ten such fertilizers, including coffee grounds, poultry eggshells, bone meal, Fish Emulsion, compost, cow manure, wood ash, biochar, seaweed extract, and green manure. A multi-criteria analysis assessed factors like effectiveness, cost, environmental impact, availability, and waste potential. Coffee grounds and poultry eggshells performed best due to their high nutrient content and positive soil effects, with …
Published in International Journal of Trends in Horticulture · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 29–42 Read article
-
Selection of Maintenance Strategy Using Hybrid AHP-VIKOR Approach for a Smart Manufacturing Application in Industry 4.0
Abstract: In Industry 4.0, choosing the right maintenance strategy is important for improving machine performance, reducing downtime, and ensuring smooth operation in smart manufacturing systems. This study aims to find the most suitable maintenance strategy for a customized machine-making company by using a combination of AHP and VIKOR methods. In this study, four types of maintenance strategies are considered: breakdown maintenance, time-based maintenance, condition-based maintenance, and predictive maintenance. First, the AHP …
Published in Journal of Production Research & Management · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–11 Read article
-
Preliminary Studies of the Effects of Some Extraction Methods/Procedures on the Yield and Physicochemical Properties of African Breadfruit Seed Oil (Treculia africana)
Abstract: African breadfruit seed oil (ABFSO) was extracted using traditional and solvent extraction methods. The procedure for the solvent extraction was varied as different solvent including; n-hexane, methanol, xylene and acetone were used in the extraction. The least oil yield (3.6%) was obtained from the traditional method while the highest was obtained using n-hexane in solvent extraction. The oil extracts which includes the traditional extract (TDE), n-hexane extract (N-HE), methanol extract …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 23–30 Read article
-
Comparative evaluation of improved ‘Modified Microscopic Test’ with traditional microscopy, indigenous ELISA kit, fecal and blood PCR for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subs paratuberculosis in goat herd endemic for Johne’s disease
Abstract: Presently available tests for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection were frequently used by several laboratories in developed countries, however, low income countries further required a test of affordable price or cost for small ruminants. Therefore, in present study five test, ‘Hexadecyl Pyridinium Chloride (HPC) processed fecal microscopic’ test (test 2), traditional microscopy (test 1), ‘indigenous ELISA kit’ (test 5) and ‘fecal IS900 PCR (test 3) and …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2011 · pp. 10–18 Read article
-
Data Structure Driven Probabilistic Deadlock Resolution in Multiprocessor Systems
Abstract: Deadlock resolution in multiprocessor systems is fundamentally a graph-theoretic and probabilistic decision problem. Existing victim selection heuristics, such as youngest, oldest, and lowest priority, apply static rules that overlook the dynamic runtime state of processes, leading to unnecessary computational loss. This paper reframes the inference-guided preemption (IGP) algorithm as a data-structure-centric solution, highlighting how resource allocation graphs, wait-for graphs, adjacency lists, min-heaps, and hash-based evidence stores interact to enable efficient …
Published in International Journal of Data Structure Studies · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 11–20 Read article