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33 articles for “virulence”
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Role of Protease in Virulence of Periodontal Bacteria
Abstract: Periodontitis is a polymicrobial, multifactorial disease with the most toxic protease that aids in emigration and the degradation of the host. Unattended bacterial contamination leads to periodontitis, and extreme gum problems may also bring about missing teeth and also bleeding. Major microorganisms associated with periodontitis are p.gingivalis, t. Forsythia, p.aeruginosa and t. Denticola. Virulence plays a major role in microbial contamination where different proteases released by microorganism aids in spreading …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 9–15 Read article
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A Study for the Presence of Enterococcal Virulence Factors Gelatinase, Haemolysin among Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Abstract: Enterococcus, considered a normal commensal of intestinal tract, is fast emerging pathogen causing serious infection. Despite the increasing importance of Enterococcus as opportunistic pathogens, their virulence factors are still poorly understood. The potential virulence factors of Enterococci include production of enterococcal surface protein (Esp), gelatinase, and haemolysin. Gelatinase- and haemolysin-producing strains of Enterococcus faecalis have been shown to be virulent in animal models of enterococcal infections. This study was undertaken …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 14–18 Read article
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Virulence Factors in pathogens :mechanisms of infection & disease progression
Abstract: Pathogens, like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, have evolved specialized tools – known as virulence factors – that help them infect hosts, escape the immune system, and cause disease. These factors play a key role in determining how severe an infection becomes, how quickly it spreads, and how the body responds. Some pathogens use adhesins to stick to host cells, while others produce toxins that damage tissues or disrupt normal …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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An Update on the Virulence Factors of Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans A Systematic Review
Abstract: Over the last 20 years, research on Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) a periodontopathogen, has provided a tremendous amount of information as a major anaerobic, opportunistic pathogen. Elucidation of the virulence in Aa is especially difficult because of this bacteri pathogenicity being multifaceted, including both microbial and host factors and the inability to clearly define the disease state of many forms of destructive periodontal disease. The objectives of this study were to …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 5–13 Read article
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Overview of Virulence Factor of Staphylococcus sp.
Abstract: Staphylococcus is a highly virulent genus of bacteria that can cause a range of infections in humans and animals. The production of toxins, enzymes, and biofilms contributes to its ability to establish infections and evade host defenses. Understanding the characteristics and virulence factors of Staphylococcus is crucial for the development of effective prevention strategies and treatment options. Staphylococcus aureus is a significant etiological agent of nosocomial infections on a global …
Published in International Journal of Toxins and Toxics · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 25–31 Read article
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Host Invasion to Immune Evasion: Emerging Concepts in Pathogen Virulence Strategies
Abstract: Pathogens have evolved a wide repertoire of virulence strategies that allow them to invade host tissues, establish infection, and circumvent immune responses. From the initial steps of adhesion and colonization to complex molecular mimicry, antigenic variation, and immunomodulation, pathogens display remarkable adaptability. While traditional research has emphasized host cell entry and toxin production, emerging evidence highlights subtler and more dynamic strategies such as manipulation of host signaling pathways, subversion of …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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CHARACTERIZATION, VIRULENCE TESTING AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF VARIOUS CANDIDA SPECIES AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE, AMRITSAR
Abstract: IntroductionSerious fungal infections particularly Candida infection have increased in recent years as a consequence of increased immunosuppression associated with HIV infection, organ and tissue transplant and aggressive treatment for malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Present study was conducted to Characterize various Candida species isolated from various clinical samples, their virulence testing by biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility pattern.Settings and Design:A prospective observational study was conducted from September 2014 to June 2016 …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Review: Virulence factors, resistance genes and pathogenicity of Moraxella catarrhalis
Abstract: An estimated 2-4 million cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in adults are exacerbated by Moraxella catarrhalis annually in the US, making it a pathogen of increasing significance for respiratory tract infections. It often colonizes the nasopharynx without causing any symptoms and an opportunistic bacterial infection of the respiratory mucosa that is exclusive to humans. In our study, we reviewed references about the important virulence factors that M. catarrhalis possess …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 33–40 Read article
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Histoplasma capsulatum (Dimorphic Fungus) in India: Biological Features, Virulence Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications of Histoplasmosis.
Abstract: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Infection is acquired primarily by inhalation of infectious microconidia and may range from asymptomatic infection to severe disseminated disease. Although histoplasmosis has classically been associated with the river valleys of the Americas, it is being increasingly recognized in Asia, including India, where it frequently mimics tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, lymphoma, and leprosy, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Cutaneous …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 38–48 Read article
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Host Invasion to Immune Evasion: Emerging Concepts in Pathogen Virulence Strategies
Abstract: The interaction between hosts and pathogens represents a continuous evolutionary struggle, shaping both microbial virulence and host immunity. Pathogens employ diverse strategies to evade immune surveillance, ranging from antigenic variation and molecular mimicry to hijacking of host immune checkpoints. Simultaneously, hosts refine innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to counteract infection and limit damage. This reciprocal adaptation, known as host–pathogen coevolution, influences pathogen persistence, transmission, and fitness, while also sculpting immune …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Molecular Evolution of Virulence Genes of Coronavirus: A Computational Study
Abstract: Corona Virus i.e., Covid 19 is consider as highly pathogenic and transmissible, which is responsible for emerging scenario of current pandemic disease. The family of this virus Coronaviridae, which affect respiratory system of human along with animal, and It is belived to be originated from bat. The homology of covid 19 is mix of SARA-CoV and MERS-CoV. The Single-stranded positive genomic RNA, which is coated by nucleocapsid protein is present …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 22–35 Read article
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Whispers of the Microbial World: Unveiling Bacterial Dialogues through Quorum Sensing
Abstract: Quorum sensing is a special way of bacteria by which they can regulate their own gene expression as per the population density of the bacteria. It is basically a type of cell-to-cell communication pathway used by the microbes. The signal molecule which helps in this mechanism are called auto inducer(AI). As the mechanism depends by changes in the cell density, so when the cell density reaches to the threshold cell …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Host Interface of Cystic Fibrosis and P. aeruginosa
Abstract: A clash between microbial infection and host immunity can contribute to multiple diseases. Cystic fibrosis is one of those diseases. It’s an autoimmune disorder and hyperinflammatory disease, caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa, it’s the most predominant pathogen causing this disease. The progression of the lung infection cystic fibrosis is driven by host pathogen interface that focuses on the host and the bacterial factors. The disease has an interplay between the host, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 9–31 Read article
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Pharmacokinetic Profiling and Molecular Docking of Carvacrol and Structural Analogs: Targeting Quorum Sensing Proteins to Disrupt Biofilm-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogen
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance, particularly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has become a major global health threat, exacerbated by the organism's ability to form biofilms and regulate virulence through quorum sensing (QS). The LuxR and LasR receptors are key regulators in this process, influencing both pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. This study investigates potential QS inhibitors targeting these receptors as a strategy to mitigate antibiotic resistance. The primary objective was to identify novel ligands that …
Published in International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecule Research · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 43–61 Read article
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Pathogenesis, Immune Response and Vaccine Development in Amoebiasis
Abstract: Worldwide, approximately fifty million cases of invasive E histolytica disease occur each year and resulting in more than 100,000 deaths. It is the second leading cause of mortality due to a protozoan parasitic infection after malaria. Entamoeba histolytica infection is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in the form of intestinal and extra-intestinal amoebiasis especially in developing countries. Recent molecular studies have conclusively proved that there are morphologically similar species …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 30–35 Read article
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Molecular Docking Study: Targeting mycobacterium leprae ML2640 Protein Using Active Compounds from Coscinium fenestratum
Abstract: Objectives: Leprosy is an infectious disease in skin, peripheral nerve and mucosa of upper airway. Around 70% of this infection is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which was discovered during1873. Multi drug therapy is used for the treatment, still multiple drug resistance and reactions has been reported among patients. Hence, this work focused on identifying bioactive compounds from Coscinium fenestratum that can target mycobacterium leprae ML2640 protein by in-silico approach. Method: …
Published in International Journal of Genetic Modifications and Recombinations · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 21–33 Read article
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Inhibition of Quorum Sensing to Mitigate the Risks of Membrane Biofouling in Biological Wastewater Treatment
Abstract: Membrane-based systems play a pivotal role in various applications, providing efficient separation, purification, and filtration processes across diverse industries such as water purification and desalination. However, this system faces major challenge of membrane biofouling impacting the efficiency and sustainability of such systems. Biofouling occurs when various microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, etc. adheres to the surface of membrane and form biofilm which results in reducing membrane permeability and increasing its operational …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 18–26 Read article
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Comprehensive Analysis of MRSA Peptides Via Maldi
Abstract: The present study employed Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry to analyze methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus peptides, focusing on various parameters associated with mass-to-charge (m/z) values. Through systematic data collection and analysis, including time, intensity, signal-to-noise ratios, quality factors, resolutions, areas under the peaks, relative intensities, full widths at half maximum, Chi-squared values, and background peaks, comprehensive insights into the spectral characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus peptides were obtained. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 98–101 Read article
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In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Phytocompounds from Melissa officinalis Against MPXV Poxin Target
Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potential of phytocompounds of Melissa officinalis against the MPXV poxin protein target, a key virulence factor in monkeypox infection. Methods: Molecular docking performed using PyRx, a virtual screening software, was conducted to predict the binding affinities of the compounds to MPXV poxin. Prior to docking, the compounds were subjected to comprehensive analysis, including Lipinski's rule of five, evaluation of physicochemical properties, pharmacological …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 25–38 Read article
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Bacteriophages- A New Frontier in Medicine
Abstract: Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically target and infect bacteria, offering an innovative alternative to traditional antibiotic treatments, especially in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. The resurgence of phage therapy has been driven by the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the slowdown in the development of new antibiotics. Phages, unlike antibiotics, target specific bacterial strains, reducing the impact on the natural microbiota and potentially offering a …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 31–35 Read article