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29 articles for “public health infrastructure”
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Infectious illnesses in areas of violence and among refugees
Abstract: Infectious illnesses are a huge and ongoing hazard in conflict zones and among refugee populations. This is because frail health systems, population relocation, and poor living conditions all come together to make transmission risks higher. Armed conflict undermines vital public health infrastructure, such as vaccination programs, disease surveillance, water and sanitation systems, and access to medical care, resulting in the resurgence and proliferation of avoidable and treatable illnesses. Refugee camps …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 36–40 Read article
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Effects of Boko Haram and Environmental Hazard on the People of Borno and Adamawa State, Nigeria
Abstract: This study focuses on the effects of environmental hazards and Boko harams on the people of Borno and Adamawa State. Environmental hazards and Boko haram disasters especially, those that occur as a result of natural phenomena as one of the greatest threats to humanity and economic development. Causes and the effect of Boko Haram and the Environmental hazard were studied. Man-made disasters such as conflicts, crisis and wars also use …
Published in International Journal of Climate Conditions · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 35–42 Read article
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Vaccines in the Fight Against COVID-19: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Global Challenges
Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created an unparalleled public health problem, necessitating comprehensive prevention. This page discusses COVID-19's evolution, scientific understanding, and quick vaccine production and implementation. It compares the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety profiles of the four major types of COVID-19 vaccines—namely mRNA, viral vector, protein subunit, and inactivated virus vaccines. Each type is evaluated in terms of how it stimulates the immune response, its effectiveness in preventing infection or …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 34–48 Read article
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Drug Marketing in Tropical Regions and Its Effect on Pharmacovigilance Awareness and Reporting
Abstract: Drug marketing practices in tropical regions present a complex interplay between pharmaceutical promotion, healthcare infrastructure limitations, and public health outcomes. These regions – characterized by high disease burden, socio-economic disparities, and diverse healthcare delivery systems – often experience unique challenges in ensuring safe and rational drug use. Aggressive and sometimes unregulated marketing strategies by pharmaceutical companies may significantly influence prescribing behavior, patient compliance, and, ultimately, pharmacovigilance systems. Pharmacovigilance, defined as …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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Climate-Driven Shifts in Vector-Borne Disease Ecology Across South Asia
Abstract: Climate change remains one of the most important phenomena affecting the geographical distribution and movement patterns of vector-borne diseases. In South Asia – characterized by high population density, rich biodiversity, and sharp climatic differences – there is growing evidence of the relationship between increasing temperatures and erratic precipitation, along with the behavior of insect vectors. This research aims to evaluate the effects of climate environmental changes on the distribution and …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Climate Change and the Spread of Pathogens: Implications for Public Health
Abstract: Climate change plays a significant role in the spread of infectious diseases by shifting how pathogens behave, affecting how vulnerable hosts are, and changing the way diseases are transmitted.Rising global temperatures, changing precipitation levels, and extreme weather events are accelerating the spread of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, increasing the risk of outbreaks worldwide. Warmer conditions favor the survival and expansion of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Zika …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Scientific Trajectories in Indian Virology: Innovations, Institutions, and Impact
Abstract: India's substantial research on epidemiology, virology, and public health measures has helped the world understand viral infections better. This article gives an overview of virus research in India, starting with early studies on arboviruses and enteroviruses and going all the way up to current studies on new and re-emerging pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, Nipah, and Zika viruses. Over the decades, India has built a rich legacy in virus research through pioneering …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 11–20 Read article
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Radio Frequency Next-Generation Advances
Abstract: Radio frequency (RF) technology is a key enabler for modern wireless communications, driving the evolution of telecommunications, healthcare, aerospace, defence and the Internet of Things (IoT). Faster, more reliable and energy-efficient communication systems have been developed at a rapid pace due to recent discoveries in RF engineering. This article discusses novel advancements in RF technologies including enhanced antenna design, millimeter-wave communication, software defined radio, smart spectrum management, and RF-based sensor …
Published in International Journal of Radio Frequency Innovations · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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A Decade of Viral Evolution (2015–2025): Emergence, Mutations, and Implications for Global Health
Abstract: Over the past decade (2015-2025), viral evolution has profoundly reshaped the global health landscape, challenging healthcare systems, diagnostic tools, therapeutic strategies, and vaccine efficacy. This review comprehensively analyzes the evolutionary trajectories of major human and zoonotic viruses, with a focus on pandemic-prone, drug-resistant, and emerging pathogens. Viral evolution is driven by diverse molecular mechanisms including high mutation rates, recombination, reassortment, host immune pressure, and antiviral interventions, leading to genetic diversification, …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 31–40 Read article
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Environmental and Sanitation Challenges and Their Role in Malaria Transmission: A Case Study of Duport Road Community, Paynesville City, Liberia
Abstract: Introduction: Environmental sanitation plays a crucial role in controlling malaria transmission, yet several factors continue to impede its effectiveness, particularly in communities with poor waste management and drainage systems. This study explores the factors that hinder proper environmental sanitation and their association with the spread of malaria among residents of Duport Road Community, Paynesville City, Liberia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, gathering data from 400 participants—both men and …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 24–29 Read article
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Genomic Characterization of Emerging Arboviruses in Rural India
Abstract: Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) represent a rapidly evolving group of pathogens responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Rural India, characterized by dense vector populations, changing ecological patterns, and limited healthcare infrastructure, has become a hotspot for the emergence and re-emergence of arboviral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, and more recently, Zika virus infections. Advances in genomic technologies, including next-generation sequencing (NGS), metagenomics, and …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Advancing Tropical Medicine: Interdisciplinary Approaches, Innovation, and Health System Strengthening
Abstract: Tropical medicine encompasses a diverse range of infectious diseases prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, presenting complex challenges to global health. This review offers an extensive examination of critical aspects within tropical medicine, emphasizing recent progress and upcoming avenues of research. Interdisciplinary collaboration is highlighted as essential for addressing the multifaceted nature of tropical diseases, with healthcare professionals, veterinarians, ecologists, epidemiologists, and social scientists working together to tackle complex health …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Assessing Air Quality, Climate Change, and Migration Dynamics in Delhi NCR: A System Dynamics Approach
Abstract: As climate change accelerates and environmental degradation worsens, urban centers like Delhi NCR are under increasing pressure from internal migration. Poor air quality—especially in rural and peri-urban regions—emerges both as a driver of out-migration and a deterrent for in-migration to already burdened cities. This study develops a system dynamics (SD) model that integrates climate variables, air pollution metrics, economic indicators, governance quality, and migration behavior to simulate population flows into …
Published in Recent Trends in Mathematics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 7–11 Read article
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Epidemiology of Stomach Cancer in Northeastern States of India: Focusing on Nagaland and the Effectiveness of Screening Programs
Abstract: Stomach cancer represents a critical public health burden in northeastern India, with Nagaland exhibiting the highest age-standardized incidence rate in the country - nearly triple the national average. This elevated risk profile stems from multiple factors including traditional dietary practices (high consumption of smoked meats and fermented foods), widespread Helicobacter pylori infection (affecting approximately 70% of adults), prevalent tobacco/alcohol use, and limited healthcare infrastructure. Despite demonstrated success of endoscopic screening …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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A study on IoT and AI for Predictive Modeling and Control of Infectious Disease Transmission
Abstract: Background: The global response to novel and recurring infectious diseases is frequently hindered by surveillance systems that are slow, siloed, and reactive. Traditional epidemiology relies on retrospective analysis of clinical reports, often missing the critical early phase of autocatalytic spread. The urgency of modern public health necessitates a shift toward real-time, predictive intelligence. Methods: This study investigates the development and deployment of a synergistic paradigm integrating the Internet of Things …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Municipal Material Management
Abstract: The increase in global prosperity and population has led to a significant rise in the generation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), posing serious threats to public health and the environment. This study explores the global state of MSW generation, composition, and management strategies, comparing the effectiveness of various technologies across 59 developed and developing countries. A total of 19 criteria for the selection of MSW management technologies are discussed, highlighting …
Published in International Journal of Sustainability · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 11–15 Read article
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Japanese Encephalitis and Dengue Fever Co-infection
Abstract: Dengue virus (DENV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are two significant pathogenic viruses that can cause severe encephalitis. Dengue and Japanese encephalitis are vector-borne illnesses.Arboviruses that are carried by mosquitoes are significant India's causes of death and morbidity The rainy season, when the vector population grows, is when both dengue and Japanese encephalitis transmissions peak. We still don't fully understand how the CNS is involved in dengue and Japanese encephalitis …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 14–18 Read article
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Exploring the Potential of AI-Driven Personalized Learning and Cognitive Interventions for ADHD Management in Indian Children and Adolescents: A Focus on Early Intervention
Abstract: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that significantly impairs attention, executive functioning, and behavioural regulation in children and adolescents. In India, the management of ADHD is particularly challenging due to low public awareness, social stigma, and a critical shortage of specialized mental health services, especially in rural areas. These systemic barriers often lead to delayed diagnoses and limited access to consistent care. However, with the rapid …
Published in International Journal of Brain Sciences · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Monkeypox Virus (MPXV): Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control Strategies: Exploring the Recent Resurgence of Monkeypox, Its Transmission Dynamics, Clinical Manifestations, and Public Health Responses
Abstract: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has re-emerged as a significant public health concern, with increasing cases reported worldwide. This zoonotic virus, primarily endemic to Central and West Africa, has demonstrated the potential for human-to-human transmission, leading to outbreaks in non-endemic regions. Unlike smallpox, which was eradicated through mass vaccination, monkeypox continues to persist due to the lack of widespread immunity and effective antiviral treatments. The resurgence of MPXV in recent years, particularly …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 29–34 Read article
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Social Determinant in Health : Epidemiological study of communicable diseases, Demography and Mortality rate.
Abstract: Introduction: Social Determinants of Health (SDH) significantly influence the spread and prevalence of communicable diseases. Factors such as poverty, income inequality, healthcare access, education, employment, location, and social connections shape disease transmission within populations. Additional factors like age, gender, migration, and urbanization further explain the relationship between SDH and public health. Mortality rates, including life expectancy, infant mortality, and access to clean water and sanitation, are deeply affected by these …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 41–56 Read article