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257 articles for “protocols”
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Recent Routing Protocols in UAV Networks: Classifications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Abstract: Routing protocols enable reliable communication in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks, particularly Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs), amid high-speed 3D mobility, dynamic topologies, and energy limits. Key challenges include intermittent links due to mobility, limited energy resources, variable network density, and the need to minimize end-to-end delay while maximizing throughput and fault tolerance. This paper classifies recent UAV routing protocols into topology-based routing protocols, position-based routing protocols, and hierarchical-based routing protocols. …
Published in International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis Review · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Network Models: TCP/Internet Protocol vs. OSI
Abstract: Networking your computer dramatically enhances their ability to communicate and most computer are used more for communication than computation. The positive impact of computers grows in direct proportion to the number and type of computers that participate in network. One of the greatest benefits of TCP/IP is that it provides interoperable communication between all types of hardware and operating system. TCP/IP is an abbreviation for transmission control protocol/internet protocol. TCP/IP …
Published in Journal of Advances in Shell Programming Read article
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A Review of Locking Protocols for Concurrency Control in Parallel Databases
Abstract: In modern database systems, many transactions may run at the same time. When several users try to access the same data or update the data simultaneously, then it creates a problem such as inconsistency data, lost updates or misinformation and may lead to conflicts between the transactions and deadlocks. To avoid these types of issues and maintain the correctness of the database, concurrency control protocols are mainly used. This paper …
Published in Journal of Advanced Database Management & Systems · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Recent Trends and Techniques in the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) Protocol: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: ARM has created the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) that is used as the main method for communication on chips in today’s embedded systems. Since AMBA is built to scale and combine with other components, it allows data transfer to high-performance and low-power components easily. The paper discusses how AMBA protocols have evolved and presents new trends of producing higher data rates, conserving energy, and lowering latency. This study offers …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 9–15 Read article
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Classification and Comparison of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
Abstract: Recent developments and the overlap of multiple technologies, including distributed signal processing, ad-hoc network routing protocols, embedded systems, integrated circuits, micro electro-mechanical systems, microprocessor hardware, and nanotechnology, have rendered the idea of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) possible. Sensor network nodes are finite with regard to energy, processing capability, and communication bandwidth. Yet, since they can vary with respect to the application and network structure, the routing protocols have received the …
Published in International Journal of Wireless Security and Networks · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 35–44 Read article
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A Comparative Study of Routing Protocols and Artificial Intelligence in Manets
Abstract: Decentralized networks called Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) allow mobile nodes to dynamically connect to one another without the need for fixed infrastructure. An overview of MANETs is given in this work, along with a discussion of their features, uses, and difficulties. It explores how routing protocols, such as proactive, reactive, and hybrid protocols, are categorized in MANETs and provides examples and features for each. It also examines the performance …
Published in International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Systems Analysis · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 31–38 Read article
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Enhancing Safety Protocols in Industrial Operations
Abstract: Industrial safety is a crucial aspect of maintaining both operational efficiency and protecting the workforce in hazardous environments. Despite significant advancements in safety technologies and regulatory frameworks, industrial accidents remain a persistent problem, often leading to severe injuries, fatalities, and financial losses. Such incidents typically arise from a combination of factors, including human error, equipment malfunctions, and insufficient safety protocols. In response to these challenges, this paper examines key strategies …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Single Case Study on the Effectiveness of Macquarie Injury Management Group (MIMG) Protocol on the Subject of Primary Osteoarthritis of Knee
Abstract: Aim: To check the effectiveness of Macquarie Injury Management Group (MIMG) protocol in subject of primary osteoarthritis of knee. Purpose: Manual therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis, but it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the MIMG manual therapy technique. However, there is a dearth of literature on the effectiveness of Macquarie injury management group (MIMG) protocol in subject of osteoarthritis of knee. …
Published in International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing and Practices · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 7–12 Read article
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Adaptive Routing Protocol to Optimize the Quality of Service of MANET Using Neural Network
Abstract: A MANET is a group of mobile nodes that create a temporary network without relying on centralized administration or standard supporting devices, often functioning as a conventional network. These dynamic environments present significant challenges for traditional routing and switching protocols, particularly in delivering Quality of Service (QoS) benchmarks such as bandwidth, latency, packet delivery ratio, and robustness. This study proposes an Adaptive Routing Protocol (ARP) leveraging Neural Network (NN) techniques …
Published in Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 01–09 Read article
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Developing an Assessment Protocol in Ayurvedic Research for Hyperemesis Gravidarum with Special Reference to Garbhini Chardi
Abstract: Garbhini Chardi (nausea and vomiting in pregnancy) is described in Ayurvedic texts as one of the Vyakta Garbha Lakshanas – early physiological signs indicating pregnancy. However, when this symptom becomes excessive, persistent, or distressing, it may transition from a normal event to a pathological condition, requiring timely intervention to safeguard maternal and fetal health. In advanced stages, it leads to day-to-day incapacitation, weight loss, dehydration, and metabolic disturbances – clinically …
Published in Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 44–61 Read article
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Remote Keyless Entry Implementation Using Can Protocol
Abstract: The coming of the Controlling Area Network (CAN) protocol has totally transformed the car industry, enabling smooth communication between various electronical control units (ECUs) within modern vehicles. Using this strong communication framework, our project centers on the execution of a Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) system, providing improved security and ease to vehicle owners. This project aims at designing and developing a complex RKE system employing the CAN protocol, which allows …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 30–38 Read article
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Impact Of Nurse-Led Pain Management Protocol On Postoperative Recovery Outcome
Abstract: Postoperative pain remains a critical determinant of recovery outcomes, influencing patient satisfaction, complication rates, and overall healthcare utilization. Nurse-led pain management protocols have emerged as an evidence-based strategy to enhance postoperative care through continuous assessment, individualized interventions, and multidisciplinary collaboration. This article explores the impact of nurse-led pain management on postoperative recovery outcomes, including pain reduction, early mobilization, decreased hospital stay, and improved patient satisfaction. Evidence from recent studies demonstrates …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Wired for Mobility: Investigating Routing Protocols and AI Integration in MANETs
Abstract: Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), which operate without a fixed infrastructure, communicate wirelessly in a dynamic and demanding environment. In these kinds of situations, routing becomes essential to guaranteeing effective data transfer. The dynamic topology and shifting network conditions of MANETs present challenges for traditional routing protocols. The blending of routing protocols with Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques has become a viable way to improve MANET performance in recent …
Published in International Journal of Robotics and Automation in Mechanics · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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Exploring DHCP Protocol Administration: A Packet Tracer Simulation Study
Abstract: The following functions of DHCP are included to lessen network administration: TCP/IP setting that is automated and centralized. the capability of centrally defining TCP/IP setups. the use of DHCP options to allocate a complete range of additional TCP/IP configuration values. DHCP runs at the application layer of the TCP/IP stack. Although this essay will concentrate on Windows NT, another advantage of DHCP is that it is compatible with a wide …
Published in International Journal of Radio Frequency Innovations · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Drone Safety Protocols Developing and Implementing Safety Procedures
Abstract: The increasing utilization of drones across various sectors, including agriculture, logistics, surveillance, and recreational activities, necessitates the establishment of robust safety protocols to mitigate risks associated with their operation. This study explores the development and implementation of comprehensive safety procedures for drone operations, focusing on both regulatory compliance and technological advancements. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend the legal frameworks set forth by aviation authorities, including the …
Published in International Journal on Drones · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 44–49 Read article
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Routing Protocols in FANETs with Future Enhancements
Abstract: Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs), which are swarms of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are an emerging solution which revolutionized the area of mission-critical and infrastructure-less communication systems. These networks provide real-time data transfer for use cases such as disaster relief, battlefield observation, environmental monitoring, and 6G-based smart cities. However, the dynamic profile of FANETs, which is defined by high 3D mobility, limited energy resources, unstable wireless links, and constant topology …
Published in Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 8–13 Read article
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Effect of 4-Week Protocol of Kegel Exercise on Pelvic Floor Strength on a Patient with Ovarian Endometriosis—A Case Report
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this case study was to describe the effects of Kegel exercise in a 4-week protocol for a patient with endometriosis associated with urinary incontinence. Case description: A 23-year-old female patient presented with chronic low back pain and also complained of difficulty in holding urine and leakage while doing forceful activities like lifting heavy objects, coughing, and sneezing in the past 6 months. She also complained of …
Published in International Journal of Women's Health Nursing And Practices · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Effectiveness of a Dental Exercise Protocol in Improving Forward Head Posture: A Case Series in Young Adults
Abstract: Background: Forward Head Posture (FHP) is a common postural disorder in young adults, often exacerbated by extended screen time and poor ergonomic practices. Neuromuscular interactions between the cervical spine and mandibular system may contribute to FHP. Objective: This case series investigates the effectiveness of a dental exercise protocol in improving FHP and mandibular function in college-aged individuals. Methodology: Five participants (3 males, 2 females; ages 18–24) with CVA ≤53° underwent …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 Read article
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Control System Operational Protocol for Dual DC Electric Motor Configuration in Electric Vehicles
Abstract: This paper is focused on the analysis of the performance of DC electric motor for electric vehicles (EV) in urban and intercity routes. The paper analyzes the different driving conditions in both types of routes reproducing the most current situations and how they influence the electric motor performance. The study is focused on a dual electric motor configuration, series and parallel, which equips an electric vehicle prototype, evaluating the power …
Published in Journal of Mechatronics and Automation Read article
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Real Time Characterization of BA.2.86 and Its Variant (JN.1) in Senegal Using Midnight Protocol
Abstract: During the week ending August 13th, 2023, the most prevalent variant of interest (VOI), uploaded to GISAID, was the BA.2.86 variant. This SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage was described as the first phylogenetically distinct from the currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB lineages, including EG.5.1 and HK.3. Compared to the XBB and BA.2 lineages, the BA.2.86 possesses more than 30 mutations in the Spike (S) protein, suggesting a significant potential for immune evasion. …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 16–21 Read article