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957 articles for “S/N ratio”
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Progress from the Traditional Vaccines to Novel Rational Vaccine Designs
Abstract: Vaccines are among the most valuable assets for saving human and animal lives. The vaccines discovered and designed on the Pasteurian principles laid the foundations of the traditional vaccine regime during the late-19th century. Some traditional vaccine designs proved remarkably successful, while others had safety or efficacy problems, and still others failed- particularly those against diseases caused by non-cultivable, hyper-variable or opportunist pathogens, or those requiring cellular immunity. The problems …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 17–31 Read article
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Study The Effect on Bit Error Rate (BER) for Elevated Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in IOT Based Systems Using Cooperative Communication
Abstract: AbstractCooperative communication is the future of wireless and mobile communication. The diversity antenna technology that can be utilized by cooperative communication can improve the quality of the signal received by a mobile. The mobile nodes can further improve signal quality by using multiple input multiple output systems. The cooperative communication is the best way to increase the availability of signals which has become very difficult after restrictions on the establishment …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 8–14 Read article
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Optimizing the Ratio of Number of Tubes in PCNTFET to NCNTFET for Digital Circuits
Abstract: AbstractCarbon nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFET) offer various benefits as compared to other FETs. Many circuits can be constructed using PCNTFETs (P-type CNTFET) and NCNTFETs (N-type CNTFET) similar to the PMOS and NMOS of the CMOS technology. The CNTFETs employ carbon nanotubes in the channel of the device to provide a path for the ballistic conduction of electrons. The different ratios of number of tubes in channel of the PCNTFET …
Published in Journal of Microelectronics and Solid State Devices · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 34–40 Read article
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Analysis of Proposed Diagrid Geometry Using Golden Ratio in Non-linear Regime of Material
Abstract: Lateral loads are critical in the design of high-rise structures. The buildings need to have high stiffness and must be able to resist lateral deformations and torsional rotations without having discomfort to the user. Diagrid structural system is one of the systems used in resisting lateral forces. In this study, diagrid geometry is generated using the ‘Golden Ratio’ concept and used to model 40, 50, and 60 story structures. Two …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Investigating Effect of Geometrical Parameters on Negative Poisson’s Ratio of S-shaped Auxetic Structure
Abstract: Auxetic material is developed to trim down weight and upsurge strength of the matter, whichleads to negative Poisson’s ratio. Current research is focused on auxetic strength, hence in thiswork parametric influence of S-shaped unit cell on Poisson’s ratio is explored and results arecompared with finite element analysis. Parameters like Angle, Thickness and Aspect ratio arecompared and concluded that they have individual significance on Poisson’s ratio. TheS-shaped auxetic structure is analysed …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 5–11 Read article
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Analysis of Proposed Diagrid Geometry Using Golden Ratio in Non-Linear Regime of Material
Abstract: Lateral loads are critical in the design of high-rise structures. The buildings need to have high stiffness and must be able to resist lateral deformations and torsional rotations without having discomfort to the user. Diagrid structural system is one of the systems used in resisting lateral forces. In this study, diagrid geometry is generated using the ‘Golden Ratio’ concept and used to model 40, 50, and 60 story structures. Two …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management Read article
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Time Domain Analysis in an On-chip High Speed RLCG Interconnection Network at 0.18 µm Technology
Abstract: In this model, the time domain waveform is evaluated for calculation of delay time, peak time, settling time, damping ratio and natural frequency for a second order RLCG interconnect network. It can also be used for multiple interconnect systems but for higher order systems it is ignored due to accurate analysis. The model is applied to a single resistance-inductance-capacitance-conductance model which can also be extended to multi-interconnect systems to analyze …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 1-2-3, 2011 · pp. 57–67 Read article
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Striking the Right Balance: The Role of n-3/n-6 Fatty Acid Ratio in Health and Strategies for Dietary Improvement.
Abstract: The dietary balance between omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is crucial in modulating inflammation and promoting optimal physiological function. Modern diets, particularly in industrialized countries, are skewed heavily in favor of n-6 fatty acids, often reaching ratios as high as 1:20 or more, compared to the ideal range of 1:1 to 1:4. This imbalance is associated with the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular conditions, …
Published in International Journal of Nutritions · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Optimization of TIG Welding Process Parameters of Ss 304 By Taguchi Method and Grey Relation Analysis
Abstract: TIG welding is one of the widely used welding processes in manufacturing industries. In any of the welding processes, many factors play a vital role in obtaining strength of welding joint like bead geometry. So, there is need of optimizing the TIG process for a better so in this paper optimization of various TIG parameters have been done like bead geometry, penetration, and HAZ (Heat Affected Zones) on the basis …
Published in Journal of Production Research & Management · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 27–40 Read article
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Optimization of Machining Parameters in Electric Discharge Machining of Al 65032
Abstract: Electric discharge machining has the potential to maintain surface topography and produce less stresses and destruction to the components. In this machining there is no contact between the tool and the work piece. The spark generated due to the electrostatic field generation between tool and the work piece. The objective of this experimentation was to create guidelines for electric discharge machining of Al 65032. Aluminum alloy 65032 is one of …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 15–22 Read article
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Performance Analysis of FIR Digital Filter using Artificial Neural Network for ECG Signal
Abstract: AbstractIn performance of electrocardiography (ECG) signal, signal acquisition must be noise free. This paper deals with the application of the digital finite impulse response (FIR) filter on the raw ECG signal. In this paper different window techniques used to design FIR filter and their signal to noise ratio are compared. The dataset configured for multilayer perceptron (MLP) training with feed forward algorithm. Finally the MLP is trained and the results …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 28–32 Read article
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Importance of inflammatory marker ratio and lipid profile ratio in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Abstract: Background: Acute Ischemic Stroke is a chronic inflammatory disease that is projected to be one of the leading causes of mortality affecting millions of people globally. It is essential to study the Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ratios and C reactive protein (CRP) in impacting the inflammatory status during stroke. It is also important that altered lipid metabolism could influence the inflammatory conditions associated with AIS. Hence …
Published in International Journal of Brain Sciences · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 19–31 Read article
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Effect of Energy, Lysine and Energy/Lysine Ratio on Growth Performance Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Profile of Growing Locally Adapted Turkey
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of different levels of energy, lysine and energy/lysine ratios on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemical indices of locally adapted turkeys. The experiment lasted for 28 days. A total of one hundred and forty-four, 4-weeks old locally adapted turkey poults were completely randomized to six dietary treatments in a 2×3 factorial arrangement, replicated twice at 12 poults per replicate. Six diets were formulated. Diets …
Published in International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecule Research · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 01–08 Read article
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The Evolution and Impact of Numbers: From Ancient Tallies to Quantum Computing: Review Article on Numbers
Abstract: Numbers are among the most fundamental constructs in human civilization, serving as the backbone of mathematics, science, technology, and virtually every aspect of daily life. They represent not only quantities and measures but also relationships, structures, and patterns that underpin the fabric of human understanding. From the earliest tallies etched on bones by prehistoric humans to the sophisticated numerical systems embedded in today’s artificial intelligence and quantum computing, the evolution …
Published in Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 15–19 Read article
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ABER of Transmit Antenna Selection with Maximal Ratio Combinining-MIMO System over Nakagami-m Fading Channels
Abstract: AbstractThis paper presents the average bit error rate (ABER) of a multiuser, multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) wireless system. Transmit antenna selection at the base station and maximal ratio combining at the receiver is considered for downlink transmission. For coherent and noncoherent modulation schemes, ABER performance of the system is analyzed. The closed form expressions have been derived for ABER considering Nakagami-m fading channels. The effects of fading parameter …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 43–48 Read article
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Design and Performance Trends of Low Power Sigma-Delta A/D Converters
Abstract: Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) act as the bridge linking the real world and the digital world, i.e., they can covert the analog signal to the digital signal, and hence benefit to the storage, processing and transmission of the data. This paper presents a first of its kind study on the various Sigma-Delta (ΣΔ) ADC architectures proposed to achieve low power consumption and their performances have been compared with respect to the …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 5–12 Read article
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Comparative Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking using DCT and DWT
Abstract: AbstractWatermarking is a technique to hide information into digital data and provides security against intentional and unintentional attack. It is a very important and emerging field which helps to protect ownership of digital information. Watermarking is the process of inserting or hiding information behind cover data. In this paper we discussed about two digital watermarking techniques, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet Transform (DWT). The parameters to test robustness …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Surface Roughness in Traverse Cut Cylindrical Grinding of Phosphor Bronze
Abstract: In the present work, traverse cut cylindrical grinding process has been analyzed and optimized to obtain desired surface roughness while machining of phosphor bronze material. Experiments have been planned as per Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array. Four levels of the input parameters have been used. The parameters are: longitudinal feed, work-speed and in-feed. The results have been studied, plotted and discussed. The effect of process parameters on responses have been analyzed …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 20–24 Read article
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Analysis of Cooperative Communication Techniques
Abstract: The scope of this study is to analyze cooperative communication techniques by measuring the symbol error rate vs. signal to noise ratio and analyzing the merits and demerits of those techniques. Unless stated otherwise, the channel is modelled as Rayleigh fading and noise is modeled as white Gaussian. The results of this study can be used to understand the benefits of cooperative protocols and their necessity in future communication systems. …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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The Prognostic Efficacy of Inflammatory Indicators in Determining the Cause of Multiple Sclerosis Exacerbation
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system, presenting with diverse clinical symptoms and manifestations. This study investigates the diagnostic potential of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), red cell distribution width-to-lymphocyte ratio (RLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in detecting MS attacks among relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients seeking care in the emergency department (ED). The research focused on RRMS patients who presented to the …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article