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39 articles for “substitution reactions”
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Study of the Hammett equation for oxidation of 2 – Hydroxy – 1 - Naphthalidene Anil and para substituted chloroanils by potassium bromate in acid medium
Abstract: The kinetics of oxidation of the Schiff base and its substituted anils by potassium bromate in aquo-acetic acid medium has been studied in this work. The study of thermodynamic parameters is done, and the rate constants for the reaction are determined. The plot of log{ks/k0} against the substituent constant (ï³ ) is plotted for para and meta substitution and the reaction constant (ï²) is calculated. The plot of ï„H against …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Integration of Photo-catalysis of Ultraviolet Rays for Chlorination Process of Methane Conversion into Mono-, Di-, Tri- and Tetra-Chloromethane
Abstract: Alkanes the most basic of all organic compounds undergo very few reactions due to its stability. One of the reactions is halogenation, or the substitution of single hydrogen on the alkane for a single halogen to form a haloalkanes. Example of this halogenation of alkanes is the chlorination processes. It is well established that methane-chlorine mixture undergoes substitution reaction at the temp of about 400ºC and presence of light without …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 8–10 Read article
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Unraveling Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conduction in Lithium-Substituted Rubidium Tetra Titanates via Dielectric Spectroscopy and EPR Analysis
Abstract: Lithium-substituted Rubidium Tetra Titanates with varying concentrations of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) — specifically 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 molar percentages — were successfully synthesized using a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The resulting compounds follow the general chemical formula Rb₂₋ₓLiₓTi₄O₉. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that lithium ions were successfully incorporated into the crystal lattice without disrupting the fundamental layered structure of the host material. The crystal system remained monoclinic across …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 19–29 Read article
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An Efficient Synthesis of Annulated Novel Dihydropyridine Derivatives using Zeolite H-BEA and Zeolite BEA-SO3H
Abstract: Modified zeolite (zeolite BEA-SO3H) was synthesized with intent to improve the surface area and Si/Al ratio by loading chlorosulphonic acid onto zeolite H-BEA. Parent and modified zeolite were characterized by variety of characterization techniques such as, ICP, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, NH3-TPD,BET surface area, etc. The catalytic applications of parent and modified zeolite H-BEA were demonstrated through the synthesis of novel quinoline and benzoquinoline substituted dihydropyridines (DHPs) via one pot Hantzsch …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, sulphur and study their biological activity
Abstract: Several substituted pyridines with brominated coumarin and with other substituents were achieved by condensing brominated coumarin IV with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde in basic solution forming α,β-unsaturated ketone II. Hantzsch reaction of this ketone with β-ketoester to provide precursor substituted pyridines. The Hantzsch reaction product was subjected to different reactions. The other targeted heterocyclic compound was obtained by reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketone II with hydrazine carbothioamide to give substituted pyrazole with brominated coumarin, …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 8–16 Read article
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Quantitative Mass Balance Modelling for the Synthesis and Production of Ten High-Volume Insecticides
Abstract: This study presents a detailed quantitative mass balance analysis for the industrial synthesis and production of ten high-volume insecticides: acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acynonapyr, alpha-cypermethrin, benzpyrimoxan, bifenazate, bifenthrin, bistrifluron, broflanilide, and bromofos, focusing on material flows, process efficiencies, and environmental implications. These compounds, spanning diverse chemical classes like neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and meta-diamides, are essential for crop protection but pose challenges due to resource-intensive syntheses and waste generation. For each insecticide, standardized manufacturing …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 36–55 Read article
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Green Synthesis of Biologically Active 2, 4, 5- Trisubstituted Imidazoles Catalyzed by Large Pore Zeolite H-BEA through Lophine MCRs
Abstract: 2, 4, 5-triphenyl-1(H)-imidazoles (popularly known as Lophine derivatives) are well known heterocyclic compounds and find significant diversified applications, not only in the area of medicinal chemistry as biologically active drug-like molecules, but also in the other advanced research areas, such as fluorescence labelling, biological imaging and chromospheres for non-linear optic system. In the present endeavour, a green synthesis of Lophine derivatives via multi-component reaction is carried out using benzil/benzoin, substituted …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 20–36 Read article
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Synthesis of Biodiesel from Biowaste/Vegetable Oil by Using Heterogeneous Nano-Catalyst
Abstract: This paper presents preparation of heterogeneous nanocatalyst (NaOH/ZnO-Li2CO3) for biodiesel synthesis from biowaste/vegetable oil by transesterification. Transesterification is an important reaction that produces fatty acid methyl esters which are excellent substitutes for diesel fuel. Biodiesel production by using nanocatalyst is one of important approaches in the biofuel research. The optimization of transesterification reaction is affected by the catalyst type, reaction temperature, reaction time, methanol to biowaste/oil ratio. The analysis of …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 11–23 Read article
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Pathogenesis, Treatment and Molecular Mechanisms for Development of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB as well as Identification of MDR Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Tuberculosis (TB) is a medical, social, and economic disaster of huge magnitude in the world. Prevalence of TB has increased due to poverty, population growth, migration and a high number of TB cases in HIV positive individuals. High prevalence rate of M. tuberculosis strains with multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious problem as global emergency. Strains of M. tuberculosis resistant to both …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 16–38 Read article
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Samarium Borohydride as Effective Reagent for Synthesis of Various Imines and Secondary Amines
Abstract: A new and economical route for the oxidative homo-coupling of benzylamines with other aryl amines, and cross-coupling of benzyl alcohol and diverse arylamines to give respective imines with a high yield, and chemo-selectivity using samarium borohydride as the catalyst in a mild condition is reported. The sequential addition of samarium borohydride in a one-pot reaction to the imines generated in situ led to the generation of a number of secondary …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 21–50 Read article
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In Situ Synthesized Cu(OH)2-Al2O3: A Novel and Highly Efficient Nano-Catalyst System for One pot Synthesis of N-Substituted Triazole at Room Temperature
Abstract: One pot room temperature synthesis of N- substituted Triazoles has been demonstrated using a novel catalyst system Cu(OH)2-Al2O3. The catalyst has been synthesized by a very simple one step chemical process. The catalyst is highly efficient and reusable with isolated yield as high as 87% even at the 4th reuse. The catalyst could also be used with water as a solvent with a little longer reaction time. Graphical Abstract: One …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 8–14 Read article
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Production of Biofuel (Biodiesel and Bioethanol):An economical and environmentally feasible way to the society
Abstract: In recent years, bio fuels growers have achieved significant enhancement in crop output and processing efficiencies and today the volume of bio fuels produced in a specific planted area is several times higher than it used to be as latest methodology and technical work to increase production of biofuel. In the sense of methodology, bio fuels are sub-divided into two large categories: substitute for diesel (biodiesel) and substitute for petroleum …
Published in Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Friendly and Efficient Synthesis of Chalcone Derivatives under Solvent-Free Condition
Abstract: A series of various chalcone derivatives were synthesized using solvent free technique by grinding different substituted benzaldehyde, acetophenone and NaOH pellets at room temperature, and same reactions were carried out under solvent condition (50% EtOH). The reaction time needed to synthesize desired chalcones was 15–45 min; and 13 h stirring in the presence of solvent. All compounds were identified by comparison of their melting points with that of the substrates; …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 17–24 Read article
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5-Methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-4-one: Synthesis and Reactions
Abstract: The presence of the five-member pyrazole nucleus in different structures leads to a large diversity in its applications. In almost every research study, the pyrazole derivatives biological importance faces a competitive challenge in areas of technology, medicine and agriculture. This reflects the description of these derivatives as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculosis, antioxidant as well as antiviral agents. In our review, we will discuss and show the highlights of …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 76–87 Read article
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A Unani Perspective of Zeequn Nafas (Bronchial Asthma): A Brief Communication
Abstract: Zeequn Nafas is a widespread interaction of the bronchial system due to a number of influencing factors leading to chronic respiratory impairment. This respiratory impairment or Zeequn Nafas (Bronchial Asthma) has a wide clinical continuum, ranging from readily reversible bronchospasm to severe chronic intractable airflow obstruction. Bronchial asthma is the medical term used to describe Zeequn Nafas. The term Asthma is originated from the Greek word meaning short breathing, panting …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Phenazine Derivatives
Abstract: Novel phenazine analogues (PZ1‑PZ6) were synthesized, characterized by the spectral analysis and screened for anti-arthritis activity by bovin serum and egg albumin protein denaturation method. The synthetic route involves the equimolar mixture of ortho-phenylenediamine and ammonium persulphate which were dissolved in 1 M HCl to give 2,3-diaminophenazine(I). Different substituted aromatic aldehydes were added to the 2,3-diaminophenazine(I) and dissolved in methanol. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1‑2 h and then …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 31–37 Read article
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Acetoxylation of o, m Cresol by Electrochemical Process at Graphite Electrode
Abstract: Electrochemical processes remain unique because of the nature of specific products formed and their mode of formation in which current is a reactive input in place of redox reagents. The high yields of the products can be obtained by designing and optimizing the electrolysis. The ordinary chemical procedures are multi-staged and may result poor yields. Therefore the best way for minimizing the pollution is transformation of conventional chemical processes to …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 13–21 Read article
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Exploring the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Biocompatibility of Compression-Molded PMMA for Biomaterial Applications
Abstract: Metals such as titanium, cobalt, and magnesium are commonly used as biomaterials. However, their use can lead to tissue reactions due to the formation of foreign bodies which may cause blood cancer. Researchers have addressed this issue by substituting biomaterials with polymethyl methacrylate materials (PMMA). The PMMA material being studied is produced using the compression molding technique. This article examines the mechanical properties and biotoxicity of PMMA. These materials have …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 482–499 Read article
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Emerging Techniques and Trends in DNA Cryptography
Abstract: Abstract: This paper reviews recent research trends and methods in the field of DNA cryptography. An attempt is made to introduce biological background and the literature concerning the various DNA cryptography techniques mainly comes under Pseudo DNA cryptography and DNA steganography based on biomolecular operations. The paper explains some of the key algorithms in designing Pseudo DNA cryptographic scheme such as (i) DNA Insertion, (ii) DNA Substitution and (iii) DNA …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 29–41 Read article
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A systematic Review on Laterite based geopolymer
Abstract: Laterite based geopolymer has been widely studied as a sustainable alternative to Portland cement in construction industry. However, its thermal performance is still a challenge due to the low thermal conductivity and low temperature resistance. In this paper, recent studies on the improvement of thermal performance of laterite based geopolymer using additives are reviewed. The additives studied include organic materials, metal oxides and natural fillers. The effect of these additives …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 11, Issue 8, 2023 · pp. 172–183 Read article