Search
25 articles for “Relay network”
-
BER Performance Analysis of MIMO With and Without Beamforming and Relaying Techniques
Abstract: The exponential surge in data traffic within contemporary communication systems has given rise to a challenge: a shortage in system information rates. To address these pressing issues, large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have emerged as a promising solution. These advanced techniques not only enhance energy efficiency but also optimize spectrum performance, positioning themselves as a pivotal cornerstone for the forthcoming evolution of wireless communication systems. In wireless communication systems, fading …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 1–7 Read article
-
Estimation of Semi-Blind Channel for Two-Way Relay by Using CRB: Pilot-based and Random Pilot-based
Abstract: The main purpose of semi-blind channel estimation scheme is for frequency-selective channel estimation, for multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) on relay networks, for using high bandwidth efficient use of spectrum. This scheme motivate to the low complexity of system to allow exchange information users to users by using an intermediate relay node. Because of superposition of signals at the relay node, section receiving signal at the user terminals is affected by …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 22–31 Read article
-
Making of Vehicle Crash Alert system using wireless technologies such as GSM
Abstract: Most of the car accident cases are due to excessive speed. Many lives could have been saved if emergency services had been notified of the tragedy and arrived in time. In today's world, GPS has become an essential component of any automotive system. This lecture examines an GPS receiver's capacity to monitor a vehicle's speed, detect an accident based on the observed speed, and report the accident location to an …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 6–14 Read article
-
Optimum Setting of Distance Protection Scheme for HV Transmission Line
Abstract: Protective relays in a power system are used to detect system abnormalities and to execute appropriate commands to isolate swiftly only the faulty component from healthy system. One of the protective relay is the distance relay. When the fault occurs it is seen that large amount of current flows through the network. The distance relay detect the over current by measuring the impedance of the transmission line and send the …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 23–36 Read article
-
Security Challenges and Solutions in Wireless Sensor Networks: a Case study of Afghanistan
Abstract: Due to their capability to collect and relay data from locations without supervision, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become essential for numerous contemporary applications (such as environmental monitoring, smart cities, and healthcare). However, the open and resource-constrained nature of WSNs makes them particularly vulnerable to security threats. This paper reviews the key security Issue faced by WSNs and the solutions proposed in recent literature. We examine the unique constraints of …
Published in Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 27–35 Read article
-
Ground Protection from Rain Using PIC Microcontroller
Abstract: AbstractIn this paper, the author has designed a system which senses the rain water through sensor. The system uses rain water sensor, transformer, controlling card, buzzer, relays, two movable flaps and LED. The moment it starts raining, the buzzer turns ON automatically, the ground is covered, and lights will also switch ON. As soon as the rain stops, the switch is pressed for uncovering the ground. Technological enhancement enrich the …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 16–17 Read article
-
Design of a SmartMesh IP Network with Wireless Motes and GUI Control
Abstract: SmartMesh IP is an innovative way to connect smart devices with advanced network management and comprehensive security features. SmartMesh IP delivers reliable, scalable, and energy efficient wireless sensor connectivity. In recent years, SmartMesh IP has become the industry’s most energy- efficient wireless mesh sensing technology even in harsh and dynamically changing radio frequency (RF) environments. This paper proposes a SmartMesh IP network system that consists of a network manager and …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications Read article
-
A Cost-Effective Fast Cell Balancing Technique for Lithium- Ion Batteries using a Single DC–DC Converter with Direct Energy Transfer
Abstract: A novel quick lithium-ion battery balancing method with a single DC-DC converter for facilitating the direct energy transfer process in low and high voltage cells is introduced in this research work. Cost effectiveness in the design of the switch network is achieved by the use of relays in switching the cells. A control circuit including an MCU and a battery management IC is used for the sensing of cell voltages …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–13 Read article
-
Design of Active Power Based Relay Algorithm to Overcome Transient Instability: 220 kV Amravati Substation Case Study
Abstract: This paper presents a new protective scheme, i.e. new relay algorithm to protect small scale generators against transient instability. The demand of installing small generators in distribution networks has been increased now-a-days. Small scale generators have low inertia constant. The inertia constant minimizes the frequency deviation which depends on the kinetic energy. Therefore frequency dynamics becomes slower and hence it increases the response time to react to fault events. Due …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 64–73 Read article
-
Monitoring and Safety of Aircraft using Wireless Technology
Abstract: Traditional aircraft sensor networks, burdened by wire complexity and high-power demands, struggle with scalability and real-time data acquisition. This paper proposes Bluetooth Low Energy advertising as a transformative solution, leveraging its lightweight, energy-efficient, and secure nature within tree network architecture. Sensors broadcast data packets picked up by strategically placed gateways, enabling efficient data dissemination through multi-hop relaying. The approach boasts scalability due to minimal hardware and power requirements, leading to …
Published in International Journal of Satellite Remote Sensing · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 14–21 Read article
-
Operative Protection Fortitude for Agip 1x15 MVA, 33/11KV Injection Substation
Abstract: The Electrical Power System generally consist of the Generation, transmission and distribution and this system require an adequate protection in it layers of operation to help protect electrical loads and equipment from damaging as to ensure healthy and quality power supply in the power system. The fault associated with this substation are short circuits, overloads, phase unbalance/imbalance, poor usage of protection which in turns causes regular trips/damage on equipment at …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 1–8 Read article
-
Voltage Vigilance: Ensuring Balance and curbing Theft in Power Distribution Networks
Abstract: This project proposes a system for detecting electrical overload and earth faults using an Arduino Uno controller. The system uses a current sensor to identify overloads and a voltage sensor to detect earth faults. An ESP8266 module allows users to switch between the two fault detection modes. When an overload is detected, the Arduino turns off AC bulbs using a relay and sends an alert message via a GSM module. …
Published in International Journal of Advanced Control and System Engineering · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 15–21 Read article
-
A Comprehensive Study of Sensor and Camera Fusion for Real-Time Parking Space Detection
Abstract: Due to the rapid growth in urban vehicle density, there have been major problems in the effective management of parking space, which has caused congestion, more traveling time, wastage of fuel, and environmental pollution. Conventional parking systems are very ineffective, as they are based on manual surveillance and cannot provide drivers with much real-time information. To overcome these challenges, the present paper explores the design, development, and operation of a …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–16 Read article
-
Performance Comparison of IRT Method with NNMPC Method
Abstract: The continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system was used for experimentation and the improved relay tuning (IRT) method was applied for design of optimum PID settings. The closed loop response was obtained using these optimum PID settings and compared with that of neural network model predictive control (NNMPC) method. The integral absolute error (IAE) criterion for the performance evaluation was used and it was found that the integral error has …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–4 Read article
-
Enhancing Smart Grid Resilience Through AI-Based Fault Classification
Abstract: Traditional power grids can be developed into smart grids, and they are comprised of the latest information and communication technologies (ICTs), which are based on establishing the relationship between the conventional electricity systems along with the usage of smart meters and distributed generation. This dynamic improves energy efficiency and the integration of renewables. Well, the dynamic and reversible power injection from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) creates substantial operational problems. These …
Published in International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis Review · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 10–15 Read article
-
Evolution of Protection Coordination Methods in Power Distribution Systems: A review
Abstract: This comprehensive paper presents a broad-ranging exploration of the multifaceted challenges inherent in coordinating over-current relays within distributed generation (DG) systems in the context of power grids. Within these systems, the pivotal roles of both protective devices and the overarching protection system are highlighted, emphasizing their joint responsibility in detecting short-circuit currents and swiftly isolating faulty components. The primary objective of this protection coordination is to ensure the meticulous selection …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 9–16 Read article
-
Integrating RF Technologies for Robust Disaster Response and Recovery Systems
Abstract: In the aftermath of disasters, one of the greatest challenges is the failure of communication networks, which delays rescue operations and worsens human suffering. Radio Frequency (RF) technologies offer promising solutions as they enable wireless communication, sensing, and tracking without depending on fragile infrastructure. This paper presents a study of RF applications in disaster management and proposes a unique hybrid multi-layer framework that integrates environmental RF sensors, RFID-based tracking, drone-mounted …
Published in International Journal of Radio Frequency Innovations · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 24–27 Read article
-
An Efficient Fault Detection and Localization System for Three-Phase Transmission Line using Arduino and Artificial Neural Networks
Abstract: This paper presents an efficient fault detection and localization system for a three-phase transmission line using Arduino and artificial neural networks. Theproposed system is designed to detect and localize faults in real-time, reducing the downtime and improving the reliability of the power system. The system consists of three main components: the fault detection unit, the fault classification unit, and the fault localization unit. The fault detection unit uses Arduino microcontroller …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 35–42 Read article
-
Automatic Lightning and Control System
Abstract: This study describes the design and execution of a novel Automatic Lightning and Control System, which turns on and off electrical devices, including lighting circuits, automatically when people are present and off when they are not. Improving the electrical system's dependability and efficiency is the system's goal. Most universities squander a large amount of electrical energy turning on and off fans, computers, and other devices. This system is designed to …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 Read article
-
The Future of Domestic Convenience: An In-depth Review of IoT-enabled Smart Home Technologies
Abstract: This paper explores a design for a smartphone-controlled smart home automation circuit built around the ESP8266 microcontroller. The ESP8266, known for its Wi-Fi connectivity, is the heart of the circuit, enabling communication with a cloud platform and receiving user commands from a mobile application. Based on user commands received through the app, the ESP8266 triggers relays to control appliances like lights and fans. This design offers a cost-effective and customizable …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 39–50 Read article