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1414 articles for ““SPA””
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EffiFeed: Revolutionizing Cow Feeding with Automated Design and Fabrication
Abstract: Conventionally the feeding of the cattle is manual which is time consuming. In this project, automatic cattle feeding system is introduced where food feeder follows the path through a pre- determined distance and places the feed to the cattle by the side of the feed fence. The prototype is developed using Arduino circuit for the operation of feed mechanism with certain time space. The motors are interfaced to operate in …
Published in Trends in Machine design · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 32–39 Read article
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Modelling of Spot Weld Features Using Solid Works and Experimental Modal Analysis of Resistance Spot Welded Thin Sheets of Low Carbon Steel Panels
Abstract: Resistance Spot Welding of thin (RSW) low carbon steel sheets are widely used in automotive, aero-space sectors, furniture, medical equipments, packaging and electronics industries. Although, RSW is well established for low thickness sheets and static design guidelines are well defined, the dynamic analysis of spot welded panels has not been studied in detail. In this paper, solid modeling is done using Solid Works incorporating all the spot weld geometrical features …
Published in Trends in Machine design · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 29–39 Read article
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Integration of Taguchi and MCDM Techniques for the Optimization of Experimental Parameters in Electrical Discharge Machining: A Research
Abstract: Electric discharge machining (EDM) represents a non-conventional approach to machining, particularly beneficial for processing hard-to-machine materials or components with high length-to-diameter ratios or intricate shapes. Widely employed across various industries such as automotive, chemical, aerospace, biomedical, and tool and die, EDM offers a unique method for achieving precise shapes and dimensions. Unlike traditional machining methods where form is attained through the interaction of the tool and workpiece, EDM operates without …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 6–14 Read article
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Investigations with WDM Network using Optical Cross Connects
Abstract: AbstractOptical cross-connects are key part of the wavelength division multiplexed based optical communication networks. Accordingly, this paper is focused on the performance evaluation for the optical cross-connects. Here, WDM system for the non-return to zero with 100 GHz channel to channel spaced network has been designed. The optical link’s performance has been numerically simulated and successfully explored for the numerous key design parameters at 20 Gbps data rate. Investigations inferred …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Performance Estimation of Link-Compensated DWDM RoF and FSO Based Hybrid Network
Abstract: The demand for data rate is increasing rapidly as well as the number of users is also increasing. So, to fulfill both demands and also taking care of necessary optical bandwidth. A dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology-based 48 channels with 40Gbps data rate free-space optical (FSO) communication system using symmetrical compensation technique is designed. In this paper, an attempt is made to increase the link range of the transmission …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 9–13 Read article
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A Study of Carbon Nanotubes in Photovoltaic Devices
Abstract: AbstractArrays of periodic one-dimensional nano materials provide light–matter interaction in terms of tunable optical properties which are attractive for planning efficient optoelectronic devices. This paper is based on n-i-p thin-film amorphous silicon utilizes scaffolds of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) array for a fabrication of bottom-up grown Nano pillar (NP) array solar cells. The varying effect of the CNT extent over a wide range from 800 to 2000 nm on …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Text based Graphical Password System to Enhance Security
Abstract: A graphical password is a type of authentication that requires the user to choose from a set of images in a certain order. For most people, remembering a graphical password is easier than remembering a text-based password. Passwords with graphics may be more difficult to remember. offer better security than text-based passwords. Humans can remember pictures much better than the text. To create passwords more memorable and less vulnerable to …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 8–14 Read article
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A Review of Research on Email Security Protocols
Abstract: Email is the most widely recognized approach to impart today. Email is utilized for sending instant messages and to send connection, sounds, and recordings. For business information, exchange email is the main means. It is the most common way to communicate over internet with different people all over the world. In addition, it has had disadvantages like cybercrime, people can use this means of communication for sending false mails spam, …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 15–22 Read article
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A Comparative Analysis of Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) with other communication Mode
Abstract: Li-Fi stands for Light Fidelity. The development is relatively new, and scientists. The portable optical networking system known as Li-Fi uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) to transport data. The term Li-Fi describes the usage of visible light interactions, or VLC, technological advances, which functions much like Wi-Fi in that it makes use of light as an interface to deliver high-speed communication. The focus of this essay is Li-Fi, including its …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 24–30 Read article
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Automatic Room Light ON/OFF Control using Arduino
Abstract: The concept and construction of an automatic room light ON/OFF control utilising an Arduino and a PIR sensor are presented in this research article. When a person enters the room, the system is programmed to turn on the lights, and when the room is empty, it is programmed to turn them off. The device uses a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor and an Arduino microcontroller to detect the presence of a …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 27–32 Read article
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Measuring Concentration and Deconcentration of Urban Form: A Case Study of Rajkot
Abstract: The concept of compact city development has always been a guiding principle for modern day urban planning and has constantly being practiced in most of the developing and developed nations due to its embedded philosophy of having a socially interactive society without urban sprawl. Efficient use of land, protection of environment, reducing trip length of commuters are some of the key benefits, which has been highlighted by the urban planners. …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 23–32 Read article
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Water Simulation Phenomenon for Porous Asphalt Pavement with Used Local Materials
Abstract: The paper describes the performance of open graded asphalt pavement with benefit of local materials aggregate and asphalt that suitable to use in hot environment. A rainfall simulation phenomenon 1.5 1.0 0.65 m length, width and height respectively, steel box was constructed to develop relationships between the surface runoff and the infiltration volume from a porous asphalt pavement surface. The 5 cm bedding course, 30 cm reservoir course …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 36–47 Read article
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Towards a Geo-Classification of the Niger Delta for Highway Investment Costing Applications
Abstract: The study carries out a quasi-experimentation, as a basis of devising a spatial quantitative concept, delineating distinct geologic settings which would have differing cost implications for highway infrastructure development in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Three broad conceptual geomorphic boundaries, for the categorisation of Niger Delta soils in engineering geologic costing application, were discerned within this conceptual lens. The study further statistically explores the synthesised geo-zonation for differences in …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 24–40 Read article
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Study of Literature on Different Girder Bridges
Abstract: Bridge design and construction now a day’s worldwide importance. Design of bridges help to improve the road network. Bridges are the key elements in any road network and use of prestress girder type bridges gaining popularity in bridge engineering because of its serviceability, economy, and structure efficiency. Girder bridge have different types and different software’s are using for the bridges. Bridges not only assist in the flow of intervening vehicles …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 10–15 Read article
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Investigation of Locational and Non-locational Factors Influencing Crash Severity: A Developing World Perspective
Abstract: Traffic crash is one of the major causes of mortality and injuries in Bangladesh. This study provides multiple crash data reviews over four consecutive years, starting from 2016 to 2019 of Chittagong City Corporation. This analysis is intended to assess the impacts of various parameters on the severity of traffic crashes. The study technique consists of several phases. This research provides a broad description of the variables in the first …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 30–46 Read article
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Project Abandonment and Delay in Niger Delta’s Highway Projects
Abstract: The pervasiveness of project delays and abandonment in the developing world is evident in the literature. The study outlines the prevalence of extreme project delays and abandonment in the Niger Delta region, an archetypical low-lying wetland in Nigeria, given the peculiar wet land geology of the Niger Delta. A survey of the empirical literature evidence suggests more profound technical shortcomings and procurement issues, beyond the generality of factors endemic in …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 19–32 Read article
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Comparative Study and Analysis of Composite Bridge and Concrete Bridge for Moving Loads
Abstract: Composite Bridges are mainly used in the construction of various flyovers to minimize the traffic flow. Composite highway bridges are subjected to many dynamic actions with different magnitudes due to the action of different types of vehicles. Depending on the magnitude and intensity and many other adverse effects the structural system and performance may compromise and that may lead to a reduction of the expected bridge life. A composite (steel …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Enhancing Traffic Flow and Pedestrian Safety with Foot Over Bridges
Abstract: Recent advancements in foot over bridge design have seen the increased use of sophisticated analytical methods, high-quality materials, and innovative bridge concepts. Foot over bridges are becoming a popular choice in urban areas of India, providing pedestrians with a safe and convenient way to cross roads without encountering traffic. The aim of this project is to design a steel foot over bridge at VARTAK NAGAR NAKA POKHRAN ROAD NO.1, leveraging …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 30–48 Read article
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Review on Strengthening & Retrofitting of RCC & Masonry Bridge Structure with Analytical Modelling of Sensor Data for the Durability of Bridge Structure
Abstract: In later a long time, monstrous advancement in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges makes a difference address the life span and unwavering quality of bridge structure at differentiating stages of their benefit life. This article gives a point-by-point understanding of bridge observing, and it centers on sensors utilized and all sorts of harm location (strain, Displacement, acceleration, and temperature) concurring to bridge nature (scour, suspender failure, disconnection of bolt …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 16–23 Read article
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Walkability Concerns in Built Environment of NOIDA City
Abstract: Walkability has remained a cause of concern since the dawn of civilization. Its importance has risen in the present times in the vehicle dominant urban environs. Rapid urbanization and unprecedented growth of private vehicles have kept the planners focusing on constructions of roads without giving much regard to pedestrian facilities. NOIDA has come up as an industrial and economic opportunities node in 1972 resulting into immense migration and urban sprawl. …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 11–15 Read article