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341 articles for “Levelized cost”
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Finding Risk Factors in Thyroid and Cardiovascular System Using Naive Bayesian (NB) Machine Learning Technique
Abstract: Thyroid malady could be a common condition. A TSH test is carried out to check for the capacities of your thyroid organ. Illnesses of thyroid can be caused by conditions which cause thyroid organ over or under function. The test can moreover assist you recognize thyroid conditions some time recently indications happen. It is either as well (hyperthyroidism) or under-active (hypothyroidism), you might know. In case untreated, thyroid clutter may …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Detection and Control of Adulterants in Milk
Abstract: Milk is one of the most essential and widely consumed staple foods, valued for its rich nutritional composition, including proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals necessary for human growth and health. However, the increasing demand for milk, coupled with economic incentives, has led to the widespread issue of milk adulteration, posing serious concerns for food safety and public health. Adulteration involves the addition of harmful or inferior substances to milk, either …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Graphene-Based Electronic Skin for Wearable Health Monitoring and Human–Machine Interaction, Materials, Structures, and AI Integration
Abstract: Graphene-based electronic skin (e-skin) has emerged as a transformative technology for next-generation wearable health monitoring and advanced human–machine interaction (HMI). Owing to its outstanding electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, atomic-scale thickness, and biocompatibility, graphene enables the fabrication of ultrathin, conformal, and multifunctional sensors capable of mimicking the sensory functions of natural human skin. Over the past decade, research in this domain has progressed rapidly across four interconnected fronts: material synthesis and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 175–180 Read article
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Single-Phase Two-Stage Multi-Level Inverter Employing Low Number of Switching Devices
Abstract: In recent years, multilevel inverter (MLI) plays a significant role in low or medium voltage applications as a result of generating voltage with reduced harmonic contents. This paper proposes a new version of multi-level inverters (MLI) with reduced switching devices along with reduced harmonics content of output voltage, which results in low switching losses compared with conventional MLI topologies. In addition, the proposed inverter provides low total blocked voltage compared …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 22–32 Read article
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Sheqing LD Converter Lining to Sustainability – A Case Study
Abstract: Steel production is a vital activity for any developing economy as it both steels and steals the economy. Indian steel makers have undoubtedly reported a cost advantage [Interview with J. J. Irani, CEO of Tata Steel (Tisco) by Christabelle Noronhal. March 2001.], with TISCO figuring as the cheapest steel producer in the world. But such levels cannot be achieved without due cognizance to quality.The quality initiatives have been applied here …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 1, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 81–98 Read article
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Exploring the Synergistic Effects of Heavy Metal contaminants on Aquatic Organisms
Abstract: Human activities have a profound effect on aquatic habitats by altering water and sediment quality, which in turn impacts resident organisms. These changes are primarily caused by pollutants from agricultural, industrial, and health-related sources. Industrial effluents, often containing hazardous heavy metals such as chromium, manganese, and lead, are a major source of environmental toxicity. The discharge of these pollutants makes water unsafe for drinking, irrigation, and industrial uses, necessitating effective …
Published in International Journal of Marine Life · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 17–20 Read article
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The Emerging Technologies in the Field of Semiconductors Along with the Use of the System on Chip
Abstract: An entire electronic or computer system can be combined onto a single platform using a system on chip, which is effectively an integrated circuit. The primary objectives underlying the development of this system on chip are to decrease energy waste, cut costs, and decrease the area occupied by massive systems. Students can understand and experience many methods utilised at each level of the design hierarchy using this strategy. The expansion …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 8–15 Read article
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Influence of Flow Control Devices on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wind Turbine Blades: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: The growth of the wind energy sector has increased the need for enhanced techniques with the goal of improving the efficiency and reliability of wind turbines. As the size of wind turbines increases, there is a noticeable increase in energy loss, problems with fluctuating loads, and structural damage. This suggests that effective techniques need to be implemented in order to improve their efficacy. Methods for flow control, including passive and …
Published in Recent Trends in Fluid Mechanics · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 52–88 Read article
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Comparative Study of Flat Slab and Conventional Slab Structure Based on Seismic Behaviour and Cost Effectiveness
Abstract: Flat slab recent earthquakes in which many concrete structures have been severely damaged or collapsed, have indicated the need for evaluating the seismic adequacy of buildings. About 60% of the land area of our country is susceptible to damaging levels of seismic hazard. We can’t avoid future earthquakes, but safe building construction practices can certainly reduce the extent of damage and loss. As being one of the special reinforced concrete …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 45–49 Read article
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A Polymer-Based Recommender System for Precision Agriculture: Enhancing Crop Yield Analysis Using IoT Technology
Abstract: This study introduces an innovative recommender system that employs polymer-based sensors combined with advanced data analytics to deliver personalized recommendations for crop management optimization. The use of polymer-based materials in sensor design allows for the creation of durable, cost-effective, and efficient sensors, well-suited for the challenging conditions typical in agricultural environments. These sensors are designed to withstand variations in numerous factors like temperature of the surrounding, humidity level, and at …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 86–95 Read article
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Polymer-Based Ankle-Foot Orthoses: Innovations in Material Selection and Functional Enhancement
Abstract: Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are critical devices in rehabilitative therapy for patients with foot drop due to neurological disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. These conditions impair dorsiflexion, making walking difficult and increasing the risk of falls. Traditional AFOs, often made from rigid thermoplastics, provide support but limit flexibility and patient comfort. Recent advancements in polymer chemistry have introduced innovative materials that enhance the functionality, durability, and effectiveness …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 5, 2025 · pp. 49–55 Read article
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Durability Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Cost Minimization by Excel Solver
Abstract: Design procedures based on current specifications do not always ensure required service life, mostly because of the underestimated durability parameters. This is due to the fact that definition of durability is not operational as basis for design, maintenance and repair. This paper presents an Excel spreadsheet model for the cost optimization of simply supported beams designed according to the requirements of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) code and the Japan …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 75–81 Read article
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Generation of Sum and Difference Patterns of Linear Arrays Using Thinning
Abstract: Literatures are available on linear arrays with equal and unequal spacing. In this paper, the radiation patterns of linear arrays are numerically simulated using thinning. Thinning is a method by which the total number of active elements in a linear antenna array is reduced without causing major degradation in system performance. The present work is found to be useful in cost reduction while meeting some of the desired radiation characteristics …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 21–24 Read article
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Design and Verification of Low Power High Speed Voltage Level Shifter Based on Pass Transistor Methodology
Abstract: This study explains how a voltage level shifter (LS) can be built using a Wilson current mirror level shifter (WCMLS) with a mirrored output. The proposed fix avoids WCMLS's typical issue of requiring a mirror with a size ratio that is too large. It's a space- and cost-saver. The proposed LS requires less components than its modern versions and uses only tiny components, taking up even less space. The proposed …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 30–37 Read article
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An experimental investigation of Prosopis Juliflora Biodiesel’s performance and emission characteristics
Abstract: Fossil fuels are currently in crisis due to their higher cost, their increasing use, and their scarcity. In view of the large number of cars on the road and the emission levels caused by combustion ignition engines, fuel substitutes are sought. Diesel is the most expensive fuel on the market, so biodiesel is a good alternative. Aside from its low toxicity, it reduces greenhouse gas emissions, does not emit sulphur, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 67–75 Read article
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Exploring the Influence of Machining Parameters on Geometric Form and Orientation Controls (23 Design)
Abstract: This work explores the influence of machining parameters using on geometric form controls flatness and straightness as well as orientation control parallelism using an aluminum 6061 workpiece. Due to its good strength, machinability and cost- effectiveness, aluminum 6061 is widely used. In this experimental work, full factorial design is used and each factor has two levels. The response parameters chosen include flatness, straightness, and parallelism, which govern the form and …
Published in Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 10–16 Read article
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Hydroponic Farming Monitoring System - Automated System to Monitor and Control Nutrient and pH Levels
Abstract: With growing urbanization and limited agricultural land, sustainable agriculture is becoming a necessity. This project introduces a smart, space-saving, and automated hydroponic farming system based on IoT (Internet of Things) technology. The proposed system employs an ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller with sensors like a pH sensor and an ultrasonic sensor to track critical plant growth parameters like nutrient solution pH and water level. A relay module controls a water pump for …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 11–16 Read article
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Optimizing Smart Grids and Microgrids
Abstract: The widespread deployment of distributed energy resources, the integration of renewable energy sources, and the digitalization of the energy sector have, in a very short time, radically changed old power systems to more intelligent and resilient networks. The change is mainly about smart grids and microgrids that enable real-time monitoring, decentralized control, and improved power quality. The employment of smart meters, advanced communication platforms, and distributed generation elevates the operational …
Published in International Journal of Advanced Control and System Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 44–49 Read article
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Password Based Security System Using 8051 Microcontroller
Abstract: A low cost electronic security system is designed to reduce the risk of home intrusion. We have utilized electronic technology to build an integrated and fully customized security system in an economic way using 8051 microcontroller. Using this project, we can unlock the door using predefined passcode, which increases the security level to prevent an authorized unlocking of the door. This project will be useful in keeping thieves, dacoits and …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Utilization and Socioeconomic Impact of Biofuel Adoption Among Farming Communities in Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
Abstract: With the increasing consumption of energy and environmental issues, transformation toward renewable energy is being considered as a trend globally. Biofuels such as biogas and biodiesel provide potential alternative to fossil based fuel, particularly, in the rural parts of India, including Punjab. These clean sources, however, are not only contributing to environment but also have a potential to improve the rural economy by saving costs and having better health. Despite …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Crop science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 38–45 Read article