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808 articles for “Principles”
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Structural Design of Offshore Structures: A Review of Indian and International Standards
Abstract: Offshore structures—including fixed steel jackets, topside modules, offshore wind turbine support structures, and floating systems—are designed to withstand combined gravity, environmental, seismic, and operational loads under substantial uncertainty and limited access for inspection and repair. Structural design practice has historically relied on internationally recognized standards, particularly the American Petroleum Institute’s API RP 2A, the International Organization for Standardization’s ISO 19900 series, including ISO 19902 for fixed steel structures, and Det …
Published in Journal of Offshore Structure and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 13, 2026 · pp. 36–51 Read article
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CRISPR-Based Enhancement of Secondary Metabolites in Artemisia annua: Focus on Artemisinin Biosynthesis
Abstract: Medicinal plants are natural biofactories producing secondary metabolites with significant therapeutic value, including terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. Among these, artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia annua L. is the cornerstone of global antimalarial therapy along with additional anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial activities. However, artemisinin content in the native plants is inherently low (typically 0.01–0.8% dry weight), restricting affordable and consistent supply. Conventional approaches to increase production include classical breeding, singlegene …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 23–35 Read article
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Comparative Evaluation of Pedigree-Based and Genomic BLUP Models for Wheat Grain Yield Prediction
Abstract: Before genome-wide molecular markers became affordable, plant and animal breeding relied on pedigree-based prediction (P-BLUP), using the expected additive relationship matrix (A) derived from recorded ancestry. Genomic selection replaced or augmented this with a marker-derived genomic relationship matrix (G; GBLUP), and single-step methods combining A and G are now standard when only a subset of a breeding population is genotyped. It is less clear whether pedigree information retains any predictive …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Recent Advances in Crystalline Materials
Abstract: Crystalline materials are solids in which atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a highly ordered, repeating three-dimensional lattice. This well-defined structure gives rise to unique physical, chemical, electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, making crystalline materials essential for numerous scientific and industrial applications. Advances in materials science, crystal engineering, and nanotechnology have enabled precise control over crystal size, morphology, composition, and defect structures through innovative synthesis techniques. These developments …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 14–21 Read article
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Crystalline Materials: From Crystal Growth and Defect Engineering to Advanced Functional Applications
Abstract: Crystalline materials form the foundation of numerous modern technologies owing to their highly ordered atomic structures and exceptional physical, chemical, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Their periodic crystal lattices provide superior structural stability and enable precise control of electronic, thermal, and optical behavior, making them indispensable in microelectronics, photonics, energy storage, catalysis, aerospace, environmental remediation, and biomedical engineering. Rapid advances in crystal growth techniques, nanotechnology, and computational materials science have …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 23–31 Read article
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Recent Advances in Crystal Defect Engineering of Semiconductor Photocatalysts for Sustainable Environmental and Energy Applications
Abstract: Semiconductor photocatalysis has emerged as one of the most promising green technologies for addressing environmental pollution and global energy challenges through solar energy utilization. Nevertheless, the practical application of conventional semiconductor photocatalysts is often limited by their narrow visible-light absorption, rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, insufficient active sites, and poor charge-transfer efficiency. Defect engineering has recently attracted significant attention as an effective strategy to overcome these limitations by deliberately …
Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Sustainable Ground Improvement Using Industrial Waste: Steel Slag as Granular Columns
Abstract: The increasing demand for infrastructure development on weak and compressible soils has necessitated the adoption of effective ground improvement techniques. At the same time, the rapid growth of the steel industry has resulted in the generation of huge quantities of steel slag, posing significant environmental and waste management issues. This paper focuses on the sustainable utilization of steel slag as a substitute material for granular columns in ground improvement applications. …
Published in Journal of Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 14–20 Read article
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Artificial Intelligence in Trigonometry: Innovations, Applications, and Future Prospects
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed numerous scientific fields, yet its integration with classical mathematics such as trigonometry is still emerging. This paper explores how AI enhances trigonometric problem solving, learning, and real-world applications. We analyse AI-driven tools for teaching trigonometry, AI in geometric and spatial reasoning, usage in robotics and computer vision, and future directions for research. Key challenges, methodologies, and case studies are discussed to provide a comprehensive overview …
Published in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2025 Read article