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122 articles for “Normal Distribution”
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A Threshold Based Scheme to Detect Black Hole Attack in DTN
Abstract: Security in DTN is a challenging task. Numbers of misbehaving attacks are present in the network. In this paper we focus on Black Hole attack with the problem of misbehaving and propose a solution based on the concept of threshold and validation. Each node maintains a local value called status of node. A node “status” is the delivery probability of nodes so doing, a misbehaving node is not chosen even …
Published in Journal Of Network security · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 12–19 Read article
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Design and Reliability Analysis of Polymer Pervious Concrete Mix for Preparation of Paver Block
Abstract: Porous concrete is a specially designed kind of concrete featuring high water porosity, allowing water to readily move through the already present interconnecting vast porous structures. The present experimental study emphasized on the production of permeable concrete with a lower Portland cement and recycled aggregate aggregates building environmentally friendly permeable pavements. The literature review suggested in most of the studies the use of single size of aggregate in the pervious …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 8–23 Read article
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Distribution Pattern, Population Density, Phenological Episodes and Morphometric Analysis of Salix babylonica
Abstract: AbstractThe present study was carried out in different areas of Kashmir Himalaya. Quantitative analyses were done for the following parameters, viz., distribution, morphology and phenology. Present research findings revealed that Srinagar has the highest population density followed by Badgam, Baramulla, Shopian, and least was found in Anantnag and Ganderbal. Its sap normally begins to flow in late February while leaves begin to expand at the beginning of March. Flowering starts …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Botany · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2013 · pp. 5–11 Read article
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Prediction of Depth-Induced Stress Distribution and Maintenance Cost Implications for Submerged Structural Components
Abstract: This study investigates the influence of water depth on stress distribution and structural integrity of submerged mechanical components . Structural models fabricated from mild steel, stainless steel, carbon steel, and copper alloy were examined under hydrostatic loading corresponding to water depths between 30 cm and 150 cm. Results indicate that normal and shear stresses increased proportionally with depth due to intensified hydrostatic pressure. Mild steel exhibited the highest stress concentrations, …
Published in International Journal of Fracture Mechanics and Damage Science · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 29–35 Read article
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A Precise Clock Synchronization Algorithm in Network
Abstract: To execute a task in a synchronized manner in a distributed setting, we need the common idea of time. To accomplish this intention, clock synchronization is conceptualized. Clock drifting is an intrinsic property of a clock, which necessitates the synchronization. A network consists of nodes, which may execute appropriately or behave badly. The mischievous node may pose difficulty in clock synchronization. We require a method to ease the effect of …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 12–21 Read article
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Detection of Distributed Denial of Service Attack by Hidden Markov Model through Web Proxy System
Abstract: Nowadays the attack against the computer system is becoming very common andvulnerable. Indirect web proxy distributed denial of service attack is an increasinglycommon internet phenomenon and is capable of making the internet services unavailable.Such type of attacks cannot be easily discovered by most existing defense systems sincemalicious traffic is hidden in the aggregated traffic. Also the source of the attack trafficand normal traffic cannot be distinguished because both of them …
Published in Journal Of Network security · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 13–20 Read article
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Method of Analysis for Chloride Distribution in Concrete from Torrent Data
Abstract: Design w/c ratio becomes less important than achieved cover performance in the case of existing structure. Therefore, inspection data of chloride profile from some real structures do not always obey the rule of Fick’s law, suggesting the influence of a new parameter. In this study, chloride ion profiles and behavior of penetrating water for normal, fly ash and slag concrete with w/c ratio as 40, 55, and 70%, respectively, cast …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 10–19 Read article
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Seasonal Variation of Electric Vehicles Autonomy: Application to AC/DC Dual Voltage Operation
Abstract: In this work, a study to predict battery performance and autonomy for a dual type of electric engine, 480 VAC and 360 VDC, has been developed. The study has been conducted in vehicles of mass between 1000 and 3000 kg with battery capacity in the range of 40 to 100 kWh. The process has been simulated using reference values and modeled for specific driving conditions. The simulation has been developed …
Published in Journal of Mechatronics and Automation · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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Site Suitability Analysis for Reservoirs in Suriyawewa by Using GIS Techniques
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Sri Lanka receives an average rainfall varying regionally from 900 mm to 6000 mm. Due to the unequal rainfall distributions over the island, Sri Lanka is traditionally divided into three climatic zones, namely Wet Zone, Dry Zone, and Intermediate Zone. The Dry Zone of the island which receives less than 1750 mm of average annual rainfall occupies two thirds of the island …
Published in Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 60–78 Read article
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Pharmacokinetics of Levothyroxine and Factors Influencing Its Therapeutic Efficacy in Hypothyroidism: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Levothyroxine (LT4) remains the standard therapy for hypothyroidism due to its effectiveness in restoring normal thyroid hormone levels and improving physiological functions. However, its pharmacokinetic profile exhibits considerable variability, which may influence therapeutic outcomes in clinical practice. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, along with factors affecting its therapeutic efficacy. A structured literature search was conducted using electronic databases, …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 27–33 Read article
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Real-Time Crack Detection in Polymer Composites Using Embedded IoT Sensor Networks
Abstract: This study developed an embedded Internet of Things sensor network for real-time crack detection, localization, and severity assessment in glass–fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Four polyvinylidene fluoride sensors were embedded near the laminate mid-plane and connected to synchronized wireless acquisition nodes. Controlled low-velocity impacts generated graded damage states. Ultrasonic C-scan and optical microscopy provided independent labels. A compact multi-channel convolutional model processed normalized waveforms, spectral entropy, signal energy, and arrival-time differences at …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 866–899 Read article
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Factors Responsible for Severity of Malaria
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Malaria causes high mortality and morbidity in the world, and 90% of all cases and 75% of deaths occurs in Africa. This distribution is intimately associated with poverty, topography, climatic condition, and the spread of vector and parasite species. To conduct effective treatment and prevention, the mechanism of pathogenesis of malaria should be recognized adequately, which unfortunately remains unclear and debatable. In …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 27–37 Read article
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Coils used for cooling and dehumidifying include integrated water-cooled transformers that transfer heat and mass simultaneously
Abstract: For use in middle-frequency induction heating, a single-turn work coil and integrated water-cooled transformer are proposed. The hollow, water-cooled secondary, which is an extension of the work coil, contains the transformer's primary.. The use of liquid cooling for the work coil, coaxial transformer, and switching components is advantageousThe transformer's coaxial structure, which enhances coupling between the converter and the workpiece, allows for low leakage inductance.The difference in current distributions is …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 6–10 Read article
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Articulatory Error Analysis in Kannada Speaking Children with Hearing Impairment: An Exploratory Study
Abstract: Speech sound errors are common in children with hearing impairment even after extensive speech therapy. Studies investigating the articulatory characteristics of children using hearing aids are relatively less reported in Indian languages. This study examined the nature of speech sound errors in Kannada speaking children with hearing impairment in comparison with age matched normal hearing peers. A detailed articulatory analysis was carried out from recorded speech samples. Research comparing articulatory …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 47–57 Read article
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Structural Performance Evaluation of Circular Perforated Plates under Mechanical Loading
Abstract: Circular perforated plates are structurally critical components in aerospace, automotive, and marine sectors, where perforation-induced stress concentrations govern failure under mechanical loading. This study conducts a systematic finite element analysis of stress distribution, deformation, and interlaminar behavior in aluminum and glass-epoxy laminates ([−45/45/90/0]S and [−45/45/90/0]AS) under uniform transverse pressure with clamped-free boundary conditions. Four perforation configurations—no hole, central hole, single-series, and 25-hole grid—were evaluated using ANSYS Shell-181, verified against Kirchhoff–Love, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 1–20 Read article
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Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Laboratory Environment
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are widely distributed in the world and pose a major public health problem. It is one of the important organisms that are implicated in hospital acquired infections. These pathogens are responsible for morbidity and mortality especially in immunocompromised patients. In many, the organism is present as normal flora in healthy individuals. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of S. aureus and …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 39–44 Read article
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A Novel Approach for Adjustment of CH in Energy Efficient routing Protocol (LEACH) for Wireless Sensor Network
Abstract: Networking together hundreds or thousands of cheap microsensor nodes allows users to accurately monitor a remote environment by intelligently combining the data from the individual nodes. These networks require robust wireless communication protocols that are energy efficient and provide low latency. In this paper, author develop and analyze low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy distributed cluster formation technique that enables self-organization of large numbers of nodes, algorithms for adapting clusters and rotating …
Published in Journal Of Network security · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2013 Read article
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Study of Haemoglobin Status in First and Second Year MBBS Students
Abstract: Anaemia is a major public health problem. Present study was conducted in 200 undergraduate medical students. Haemoglobin values obtained by Sahli’s method was analysed and students were grouped into anaemic and non-anaemic group. Further grading of anaemia was done as per the WHO criterion. Results were analysed by using SPSS software. Results showed that 27.5% of medical students were anaemic. Gender-wise distribution was 18.35% of males and 38.46% of females …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 16–18 Read article
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Time Series Forecasting of Electricity Consumption: A Comparative Analysis of ARIMA and SARIMA Models
Abstract: Accurate electricity demand forecasting plays a vital role in energy planning, efficient power system operation, and sustainable resource management. This study conducts a comparative evaluation of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models using ten years of monthly electricity consumption data collected from a national electricity regulatory authority. The performance of both models is assessed using forecasting accuracy metrics, including Mean Absolute Error …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Statistics · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 43–53 Read article
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Control of Separation Induced on the Wing of Transonic Speed Aircraft by Means of Micro Vortex Generator
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 This experimental study provides an assessment of the potential of applying a control device to mitigate undesired separation formed on the wing of an aircraft causing instability of the airliner. They are used in a wide range of aircrafts and yet needs to be improved for wider applications.The study was conducted in a transonic wind tunnel. The concept of passive control, …
Published in Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2011 · pp. 1–18 Read article