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929 articles for “physical”
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Polyurethane: Chemistry, Production, Applications, and Future Prospects—An Overview
Abstract: Polyurethane (PU), a class of versatile polymers, has emerged as one of the most significant materials in modern industry owing to its remarkable mechanical strength, elasticity, durability, and resistance to abrasion, chemicals, and environmental degradation. Its wide range of tunable properties has made PU indispensable across multiple sectors, including fashion, automotive, manufacturing, biomedical, coatings, and construction. This review emphasizes the diverse applications of polyurethane and explores how its unique chemistry …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 17–25 Read article
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Structural Modification of Sugarcane Bagasse using Alkaline, Acid, and Bleaching Pretreatments for Enhanced Yield of Poly (1→4)-β-D-glucopyranose (Cellulose) and Hemicellulose for Utilization as Biocomposites
Abstract: Sugarcane bagasse, a lignocellulosic byproduct generated in substantial quantities by the sugar industry, represents a promising feedstock for the sustainable production of enzymes and bio-based chemicals. Its high (1→4)-β-D-glucopyranose (cellulose) content, abundant availability, and low cost make it an ideal candidate for bioconversion processes. However, the inherent recalcitrance of bagasse, primarily due to its lignin-rich matrix, necessitates effective pretreatment strategies to enhance enzymatic digestibility. This study presents a comparative investigation …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 983–992 Read article
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Phase – Field Modeling of Brittle and Ductile Fracture Under Complex Loading Conditions
Abstract: Phase-field modeling has emerged as a powerful computational framework for predicting fracture behavior in engineering materials, offering a unified description of crack initiation, propagation, branching, and coalescence without the need for explicit crack tracking. This study presents an in-depth examination of phase-field modeling applied to both brittle and ductile fracture under complex loading conditions, including multiaxial stress states, cyclic loading, thermal gradients, and dynamic impact. The phase-field approach regularizes the …
Published in International Journal of Fracture Mechanics and Damage Science · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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Smart Patient Monitoring and Motion Tracking System
Abstract: The integration of smart technologies in healthcare has revolutionized patient monitoring and diagnostics. This paper presents a Smart Patient Monitoring and Motion Tracking System designed for hospitals, leveraging EEG (Electroencephalogram) signals to track patient movements and monitor neurological health. The proposed system combines motion tracking with real time EEG signal analysis to enhance patient safety, especially for individuals prone to seizures, neurological disorders, or other mobility-related risks. The system employs …
Published in International Journal of Radio Frequency Innovations · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 9–23 Read article
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Employment of Solid-State Technology in Sensor Design: A Study
Abstract: The rapid evolution of sensor technologies has been driven by the demand for more precise, durable, and compact systems to meet the needs of modern industries, healthcare, and consumer electronics. Solid state technologies have emerged as a transformative force in sensor design, offering unprecedented performance, reliability, and integration potential. Unlike traditional sensors, which often rely on mechanical, electrochemical, or piezoelectric principles, solid state sensors leverage the intrinsic properties of materials …
Published in International Journal of Solid State Innovations & Research · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 31–41 Read article
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New Ideas in Quantum RF
Abstract: Quantum RF Innovations is leading the way in next-generation wireless technologies by connecting old radio frequency systems with new quantum- enabled solutions. Our goal is to change the way signals are processed, communicated, and sensed by using advanced quantum principles and cutting- edge RF engineering. We are creating a new class of devices and systems that can achieve ultra-low-noise signal amplification, unprecedented spectrum control, and quantum-secured communication through interdisciplinary research …
Published in International Journal of Radio Frequency Innovations · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 35–43 Read article
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Power of Optical Sensors in Remote Sensing: A Study
Abstract: Imagine having eyes that could pierce the veil of the visible, discerning the subtle whispers of light beyond the spectrum our everyday vision allows. This isn't a superpower from science fiction, but the very essence of optical sensors in remote sensing – our planet's watchful, silent sentinels, meticulously translating the electromagnetic symphony into actionable insights. Optical sensors, operating within the visible, near-infrared, and short-wave infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, …
Published in International Journal of Satellite Remote Sensing · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 29–36 Read article
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Driver Drowsiness Detection System
Abstract: One of the main causes of road accidents worldwide in recent years is driver fatigue. Assessing a driver's mood, or how sleepy they are, is a clear approach to gauge their level of exhaustion. Therefore, detecting driver fatigue is very important to save lives and property. The creation of a prototype drowsiness detection system is the aim of this research. The system operates in real time, continuously capturing images and …
Published in International Journal of Optical Innovations & Research · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 16–21 Read article
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Effects of Hydrotherapy Programmes on Knee Osteoarthritis
Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a progressive degenerative disorder characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage, joint margins, and surrounding structures. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions affecting weight-bearing joints, leading to functional limitation, pain, stiffness, and reduced quality of life. Although OA is irreversible, early intervention and appropriate therapeutic strategies can slow its progression and help delay invasive procedures such as total joint replacement. Hydrotherapy …
Published in International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing and Practices · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 18–22 Read article
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Modeling of MHD Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Radiation and Chemical Reaction Effects for Advanced Composite and Energy Applications
Abstract: Hybrid nanofluids reinforced with polymer-based matrices and nanoparticles have emerged as promising working fluids for advanced composite processing and thermal management systems. Their superior thermo-physical properties enable efficient cooling and energy transport, making them suitable for applications in polymer extrusion, composite curing, thermal insulation coatings, solar energy devices, electronic packaging, and nuclear system cooling. In this study, we investigate the heat and mass transfer behavior of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 648–660 Read article
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Navigating the Antenna Frontier for Emerging IoT Technologies
Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly transitioning from niche applications to a pervasive, interconnected fabric of intelligent devices, demanding unprecedented levels of performance, reliability, and miniaturization from its constituent components. At the heart of this revolution lies the antenna, the crucial interface between the digital and physical realms. This paper delves into the intricate and evolving landscape of IoT antenna design, specifically addressing the unique challenges and opportunities presented by …
Published in International Journal of VLSI Circuit Design & Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Intelligent Water Distribution Management using IoT
Abstract: Water plays a vital role in agriculture, making its efficient management essential for sustainable crop production. However, undetected leaks in irrigation systems can result in significant water loss, irregular watering of fields, soil degradation, and reduced crop yield. Conventional methods like manual inspection are not only labor-intensive but also ineffective in identifying leaks promptly – emphasizing the need for a smarter and automated approach to water monitoring. To address this …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Crop science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 18–27 Read article
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Role of Fluid Engineering in Biomedical and Healthcare Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Fluid engineering — the study and application of fluid behavior, transport, and interaction — has become a cornerstone of modern biomedical and healthcare systems. This review synthesizes the multifaceted roles fluid engineering plays across diagnostics, therapeutics, biomedical devices, and physiological modeling. Micro-fluidics enables precise manipulation of microliter and nanoliter volumes, facilitating rapid point-of-care diagnostics, high-throughput screening, and the fabrication of uniform nano particles for targeted drug delivery. In cardiovascular medicine, …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Comparative Study on Oro Dispersible Tablets of Candesartan Cilexetil Formulated with Natural and Synthetic Disintegrants
Abstract: Candesartan cilexetil, a BCS class II drug with low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability (15%), poses challenges for oral delivery. To address this limitation, the present study focuses on polymer-based inclusion complexation and composite formulation strategies to enhance solubility and dissolution behavior. The drug was incorporated into β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide polymer, by the kneading method in different drug-to-carrier ratios. Among these, the 1:1 molar ratio complex exhibited the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 687–695 Read article
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A Brief Review on Interfaces of Copper Welded to Different Materials
Abstract: In engineering applications, three metals with high conductivity are primarily used such as copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), and silver (Ag). Each has its unique set of properties that affect specific engineering applications. Infact the choice of conductor depends on a mixture of cost, technical parameters, and environmental conditions. Among these, Copper is widely valued in engineering applications due to its antimicrobial property, excellent electrical (about 100% IACS) and thermal conductivity, …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 25–36 Read article
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Nihang Singhs: Guardians of Sikh Martial and Spiritual Heritage
Abstract: The Nihang Singhs constitute a distinctive and elite warrior order within Sikhism, historically entrusted with the defense of Sikh faith, sovereignty, and martial ethos. Emerging prominently during the time of Guru Gobind Singh, the Nihangs became frontline defenders of Sikhism during periods of sustained conflict under Mughal, Afghan, and later British rule. This paper examines the historical origins of the Nihang Singhs, their military contributions during the misl period, and …
Published in OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Polymer Nanocomposites As Emerging Platforms in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
Abstract: Nanotechnology allows the handling of materials in the 1–100 nm range, where distinct physicochemical phenomena, including quantum effects and higher surface-to-volume ratio, enable disruptive uses in pharmaceuticals and biomedicine. Significant challenges in solubility, stability and targeted biodistribution of therapeutics can be overcome by incorporating nanostructured polymers and polymer-based composites into drug delivery systems. PLGA nanoparticle and other nanocarriers, such as PLGA micelles, dendrimers, and hydrogels, have revealed promising effects on …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 268–278 Read article
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A Mini Review of Synthesis and Applications of Functionally Graded Materials
Abstract: Material composition or microstructure varies gradually along the thickness over a specific volume in functionally graded material (FGM) that results in spatial change in properties like thermal conductivity, strength, stiffness, electrical, magnetic, and light properties, etc. Application of the concept of FGM leads to a single product that has multiple properties in it as demanded by the operational or functional requirements of the product under service conditions. It also allows …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 54–65 Read article
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Passenger car fuel economy: Insights from big data analytics
Abstract: The increasing availability of real-world vehicle telematics through On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II) systems has enabled data-driven evaluation of passenger car fuel economy beyond conventional laboratory-based test cycles. While standardized certification procedures ensure repeatability, they often fail to capture the influence of real-world traffic conditions, driver behaviour, and transient vehicle operation. This study presents a structured Big Data Analytics (BDA) approach for analysing high-frequency OBD-II data collected from a gasoline passenger …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 8–19 Read article
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Physiographic, Climatic, and Hydrogeological Determinants of Urban Flooding in Bhopal: A Spatial Assessment
Abstract: Bhopal, capital city of Madhya Pradesh, is uniquely shaped by hilly terrain, lake systems, and complex hydrogeological characteristics, which historically supported efficient natural drainage. However, rapid urbanization, encroachment, and alterations in land use have increasingly disrupted these natural systems, amplifying the city’s susceptibility to urban flooding. The city’s physiography, defined by five major hills, undulating slopes, and a network of natural drainage channels, directs runoff toward low-lying zones that frequently …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 25–32 Read article