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739 articles for “STEP”
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Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) in Breast Carcinoma
Abstract: Breast cancer is the most alarming problem of the current time. Nitric oxide, a free radical gas is synthesized by isoenzymes called nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide synthase consists of three isoforms; Nitric oxide produced is cytotoxic which is known to inhibit the DNA synthesis causing its damage. Keeping this in mind, nitric oxide synthase was determined in breast cancer and normal breast tissue. For this tissue from 60 breast …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 23–28 Read article
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A Short Review on CAR-T Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment
Abstract: As an author in the present review, I have provided all the available information of CAR-T cell therapy like, definition, history of discovery, early FDA approval and types of clinical trials conducted, early manufacturers, current availability, preparation and mechanism involved, steps involved, adverse drug reactions, and its uses after referring to all available resources. I hope this review can be greatly helpful to all health care professionals, pharmacy, medical, nursing, …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 27–29 Read article
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Principles of Interpolating Prognostication in Oncology
Abstract: AbstractThe precise prediction in oncology plays a critical role in prevention, treatment, assessment of the effectiveness of methods of treatment and treatment outcomes for cancer patients. Some medical researches claim that statistical processing (factor analysis) permits to precisely individualize the prognosis, which determines the possibility of an individual approach to monitoring and postoperative treatment of patients. However, factor analysis permits only creating a matrix of factors that can significantly describe …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 39–51 Read article
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Comparative Evaluation of Genotoxicity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Oral Precancer and Cancer Patients Using Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis
Abstract: In the present study the comet assay was performed in peripheral mononuclear cells to evaluate DNA damage among tobacco chewers and smokers. The assay provides a quick, accurate and sensitive way to detect various forms of DNA damage in individual cells. The study comprises 50 oral cancer patients, 12 oral submucous fibrosis patients and 10 healthy controls. The length of the comet tail was used to determine the level of …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 26–34 Read article
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Recent Progress in Addressing Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis
Abstract: TMJ ankylosis refers to the fusion of the mandibular condyle with the skull's base. Managing this condition is a formidable task due to technical complexities and a high recurrence rate.[1] Addressing temporomandibular ankylosis is a complex endeavor often resulting in reankylosis, relapse, risky complications, and necessitating multiple surgeries. This article introduces a treatment protocol for managing temporomandibular joint ankylosis, emphasizing early intervention using modern treatment approaches." Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2023 Read article
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The Ames Test in Twenty-first Century
Abstract: Since the 19th century, industrial development has increased exposure to mutagens and possible carcinogens. In order to avoid these health risks, several techniques have been developed to recognize genotoxins. In the 1970s, Dr. Bruce Ames and colleagues, studying the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium, observed that histidine (−) auxotroph mutants were reverted to histidine (+) upon exposure to a mutagen. The researchers further observed that known carcinogens were mutagenic to …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2012 · pp. 23–37 Read article
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Statistical Study on Self-Medication and Drug use Pattern in Urban and Rural Areas of Nashik, Maharashtra
Abstract: Self-medication methodology involves taking medications without a doctor's supervision or on their basis or others advice. Self-medication and the use of over-the-counter medications are serious public health concerns worldwide. The study aimed to evaluate self-medication and drug use patterns among urban and rural populations based on their knowledge in Nashik. A descriptive cross-sectional and questionnaire-based study with the prevalence of self-medication and drug use patterns was conducted among 500 people …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 29–40 Read article
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Liquid Waste Management
Abstract: Liquid waste is an emerging problem in this world, because of its ability to enter watersheds, pollute ground and drinking water when improperly handled and disposed. Diseases like cholera, plague, tuberculosis hepatitis as well as diphtheria are very common in places where untreated waste is reused and can be extremely dangerous over the period of time. Which can give public health risks as well as a major problem for healthcare …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 18–24 Read article
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Wudu (Ablution): An Effective Preventive Measure against Many Infectious Diseases
Abstract: Wudu (Ablution) is an Arabic word which means the specific action of washing certain body parts. In these body parts, hands, mouth, nostrils, face, arms, and feet included. In religion Islam, wudu has great importance. Muslims are required to perform wudu before offering the prayer five times a day. As we all know pathogens can enter in our body through mouth, nose and eyes directly or indirectly from our contaminated …
Published in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 28–31 Read article
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Integrated engineering on design, development and operation of a Table Top Tokamak for Plasma experiments
Abstract: Making of a Table Top Tokamak is having the acute need for conducting various plasma experimental studies. As pulsed devices, small tokamaks come as handy solutions for plasma experimentalists to study the characteristic behavior of plasma at various operating conditions. In addition, it is a challenge to build a Tokamak from its conceptual design. In this paper, details are brought out for a single mode approach that is required to …
Published in Trends in Machine design · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 54–62 Read article
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Influence of Cutting Angle on the Performance of an Orange Peeling Machine
Abstract: Growing demand for oranges for domestic and industrial uses requires a device that would peel the oranges at minimum cost, stress and time. Reduction in cost and stress can be meaningful only if the peeling time is minimised. Orange peeling machine was developed by taking into consideration effective choice of peeling tool component to enhance savings in peeling time. Tool holding system was made flexible to accommodate variation in set …
Published in Trends in Machine design · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 8–14 Read article
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An Offline Space Division Multiplexing Based Elastic Optical Network Model with Switching and Modulation Format Adaptation for Flexible Spectrum and Spatial Assignment
Abstract: Abstract: The Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) based Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) (SDM-bEONs) is the proposed solution to both, the required upgradation of the network’s capacity constrained by the non-linear Shannon’s limit and the provisioning needed for the future diverse Internet traffic’s required capacity. With SDM providing ‘space’ as an additional freedom degree, the assignment of resource (i.e., spectrum and space) in the SDM-b-EONs translates into the Routing, Modulation Format, Space, …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 1–23 Read article
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Thermo-Fluid Characterization of Corrugated U-Tube Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger with Polymer Composite Tube Wall: A Combined CFD and Experimental Investigation
Abstract: Shell-and-tube heat exchangers built with metallic tubes work well thermally, but corrosion problems, extra weight, and the inability to adjust the wall’s thermal properties through material choice remain genuine engineering headaches, particularly for corrosive or weight-critical applications. Over the past few years there has been a fair amount of interest in replacing metal tubes with polymer composite alternatives, since blending thermally conductive fillers — graphite nanoplatelets, boron nitride platelets and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 859–873 Read article
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Phytotherapeutic Potential of Melaleuca: An Integrative Review of Phytochemistry and Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Antiviral Mechanisms
Abstract: Melaleuca alternifolia and other species of the Melaleuca genus stand out for the broad spectrum of pharmacological properties attributed to their bioactive compounds, such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and polyphenols. This study aimed to critically review and analyze scientific evidence produced between 2005 and 2025 regarding the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of Melaleuca, correlating its phytochemistry with molecular mechanisms of action. For this purpose, an integrative literature review …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Herbal Science · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 16–30 Read article
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Process Mapping and Bottleneck Analysis of the Wellness Provider Deployment Cycle
Abstract: This Study focuses on understanding how a wellness service provider company currently manages the process of assigning wellness professionals—such as fitness trainers, doctors, and mental health experts—to corporate clients, and where delays tend to occur within that process. As the organization follows an aggregator-based service model, it works with a wide network of freelance professionals spread across multiple cities. While this approach allows flexibility and rapid expansion, it also makes …
Published in Journal of Production Research & Management · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 26–32 Read article
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Automated Evaluation of Descriptive Answers
Abstract: This paper offers a smarter system of automatic evaluation of descriptive responses in educational tests. The time-consuming aspect of testing with traditional manual marking, the subjectivity of that process, and the impossibility of scaling it makes it inapplicable, particularly to large academic environments. To resolve the issues, the proposed solution combines the methods of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and hybrid image-text processing on the responses of handwriting and typed answers. …
Published in Emerging Trends in Languages · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Integrated Computational and Bio-catalytic Transformations: DFT-Guided Mechanistic Insights, Machine Learning, and Nano-biocatalyst Engineering for Sustainable Catalysis
Abstract: Computational catalysis has emerged as a transformative scientific discipline that integrates quantum chemistry, molecular modeling, machine learning, and density functional theory (DFT) to understand catalytic mechanisms and design highly efficient catalytic systems for sustainable industrial applications. The increasing global demand for environmentally responsible chemical manufacturing has accelerated research on advanced catalytic materials including transition metal catalysts, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous systems, and bimetallic catalysts involving nickel and iron. …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 36–44 Read article
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Graph Neural Networks for Molecular Scale Property Prediction and Inverse Design of Thermoset Polymer Nanocomposites: A Computational Framework
Abstract: Thermoset polymer nanocomposites exhibit properties that are highly sensitive to molecular scale formulation decisions, yet the vast design space remains largely unexplored because of the high cost of experimental characterisation and fully atomistic simulation. This paper presents TNC GNN, a dual mode graph neural network framework developed for the computational design of thermoset nanocomposite formulations. The forward module employs an attention augmented Message Passing Neural Network with 3D geometric encoding …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 Read article
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A Descriptive Study on Cervical Cancer Screening Methods
Abstract: Cervical cancer continues to pose a major public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to preventive services is often limited. This review presents an overview of the disease, covering its global burden, underlying causes, available screening approaches, treatment options, and preventive measures. Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely recognized as the main cause of cervical cancer, with certain strains contributing more …
Published in International Journal of Oncological Nursing and Practices · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 37–42 Read article