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727 articles for “Layer”
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A Survey on Congestion Control in Wireless Network Using Different Protocols
Abstract: AbstractThis paper presents a complete summary of work on congestion control in wireless network within the layers of the wireless network protocol. This paper is about the wireless network and the congestion in wireless network, describe the routing protocols such as proactive and reactive protocols (DSDV, DSR and AODV). Explain queue management and types of queue management such as Active Queue Management (AQM) and Passive Queue Management (PQM) and their …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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Improved Performance Characteristics of A Designed 450 nm True Blue Laser Using InGaN/AlGaN Materials
Abstract: AbstractIn this work, the characteristics of a designed 450 nm true blue semiconductor laser are presented. Performance and optimizations of the designed laser are presented using InGaN/AlGaN active layer materials. A maximum optical output power of the laser is obtained as 147.48 mW for 93 mA injection current and 1 × 10−16 cm2 differential gain, where, the threshold current is 9.3 mA. The modal gain is calculated as 69.774 cm−1 …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 24–30 Read article
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Optimization of Power in SG-SOI Structure at 1550 nm for Nanophotonic Application
Abstract: AbstractOptical power of semiconductor grating silicon-on-insulator (SG-SOI) at 1550 nm is investigated in this paper. The power of SG-SOI structure is calculated using plane wave expansion (PWE) method. Simulation result reveals that optical power is more than 99.9% in all SG-SOI structure. Simulation result shows that suitable combinations of grating layers play vital role to obtain high optical power.Keywords: SG-SOI, PWE, power
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 22–24 Read article
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IMPACT OF TRANSPORTATION ON ENVIRONMENT
Abstract: In this present study, major effect of transportation on environment is investigated. The work is performed in order to find influence of transportation on rural, urban community and ecosystem globally. As per recent survey according to GOI, significant had been increased in vehicle all over India. It had been seen that rate of increase of vehicles day by day is proportional to level of pollution. There is no effective substitute …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 23–26 Read article
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Index Properties of Bituminous Binder Modified With Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
Abstract: Disposal of waste materials including waste plastic bags has become a serious problem and waste plastics are burnt for apparent disposal which cause environmental pollution. Utilization of waste plastic bags in bituminous mixes has proved that these enhance the properties of mix in addition to solving disposal problems. This paper develops the techniques to use plastic waste for construction purpose of roads and flexible pavements have reviewed. In conventional road …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 23–27 Read article
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Studies on Polymer Modified Bitumen with various Fiber Impregnation
Abstract: Transportation sector is showing immense growth in the recent decades, modern vehicles introduced require a more stable platform to run better. In terms of road construction, we are not yet reaching the modernized standards adopted by other countries and usage of modern and innovative road construction materials are yet to be used in transportation infrastructure sector. The available roads are also getting damaged due to improper maintenance of top layer …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 1, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 19–24 Read article
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Evaluating Rutting Susceptibility of Bituminous Mixes using Indigenously Developed IIT KGP Rut Tester
Abstract: Rutting is the major mode of distress affecting the service life and performance of bituminous pavements. Rutting occurs due to excessive stresses on subgrade, inadequate strength of bituminous mix, inadequate thickness of pavement layers or poor construction methods. Among these causes, quality of bituminous mix is one of the main factors that contribute towards rutting failure. The link between laboratory testing and potential field performance of bituminous mixes is very …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 76–82 Read article
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Water Simulation Phenomenon for Porous Asphalt Pavement with Used Local Materials
Abstract: The paper describes the performance of open graded asphalt pavement with benefit of local materials aggregate and asphalt that suitable to use in hot environment. A rainfall simulation phenomenon 1.5 1.0 0.65 m length, width and height respectively, steel box was constructed to develop relationships between the surface runoff and the infiltration volume from a porous asphalt pavement surface. The 5 cm bedding course, 30 cm reservoir course …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 36–47 Read article
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Design of Flexible Pavement by Stabilizing the Red Soil Using Mistreatment Dismantled Construction Material
Abstract: The objective of this project is to check the feasibleness of the applying of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) for rising the performance of sub-grade layer within the versatile pavement. future performance of pavement structure depends on the steadiness of underlying soils. Thus there's a desire to remodel ineffective earth materials into effective sub-grade material by helpful the weak soil with appropriate recycled combination as stabilizer. This might be an efficient …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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Assessing the Sensitivity of the Strength Properties of Asphalt Concrete Mixture to the Variation in Asphalt Binder Content
Abstract: The variationsin the asphalt cement binder content withinthe job mix formula, may exhibit a great influence on the required strength properties of asphalt concrete mixture. The present investigation deals with asphalt concrete mixtures which are usually implemented for wearing course pavement layer. The mixtures were prepared at optimum binder content of 4.8 %, and at ± 0.5 % of the optimum binder content and subjected to the short-term ageing process.Slab …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 26–34 Read article
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Internet of Things: Threats and Security
Abstract: Security is the most important in today’s world as we have personal and confidential data which we do not want to share with anyone, but somehow attackers attack on our data and steal our identity. Same happens in IoT, attackers somehow attack on devices or communication channels and steal the data. This study reviews all the threats and security issues in IoT. Nowadays, devices are made in such a way …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 7–11 Read article
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Phase Noise Reduction in WLAN by Applying Wavelet Packet Multiplexing
Abstract: The IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless Local Area Networks (LANs) commercialized as Wi-Fi are deployed in office and home environments. These systems provide data rates up to 1300 Mbps at 5 GHz and 400 Mbps at 2.4 GHz with physical layer based on OFDM and MIMOOFDM. Traditionally, multiplexing in OFDM is realized using static orthogonal waveforms derived from Fourier transforms. The decoding of the data at receiver is based on …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 8–15 Read article
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An Approach towards Seamless Handover with Maximum Resource Utilization in Mobile Wireless Networks
Abstract: ABSTRACT In mobile wireless networks, a seamless handover between different communication systems has been a challenging issue. A link going down (LGD) event based on L2 layer information has been incorporated by the IEEE 802.21, media independent handover (MIH) framework. Link going down trigger allows accomplishing handover efficiently with the prior intimation of handover and enables L3 entities streamline their handover (HO) related activities. As velocity of user has a …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Performance Analysis of 802.11 MAC Protocol of Wireless Networks under Misbehaving Condition
Abstract: ABSTRACT In this paper the performance of Mac Layer is seen when the number of nodes which are misbehaving increases in the wireless networks. Mobile ad hoc networks depends on the network nodes cooperation in forwarding packets due to the lack of centralized authority. A network node may incline not to cooperate with other nodes in order to save its resources due to selfishness. Here qualnet 5.2 is used for …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 26–32 Read article
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Capacity and BER Performance Analysis of Single Cell Massive MIMO with Various Precoding Techniques
Abstract: AbstractMassive Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) is one of the promising technologies which will facilitate the 5th generation wireless communication system (5G) in the near future. It also goes by other names such as, large MIMO, hyper MIMO, full-dimension MIMO and ARGOS. In this technology the Base Station is incorporated with a large number of transmitting antennas (e.g., Hundreds, thousands). A large number of antenna help to focus the energy …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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A Novel Approach of Traffic Management in Software Defined Networking Using Internal Controller
Abstract: The complex structure of the current computer networks causes problems in network scalability and management and makes it hard and time-consuming to implement general policies. A new architecture called Software Defined Network (SDN) has been developed to address these problems and challenges. One of the most important issues in SDNs is traffic engineering, which is a good criterion for network performance evaluation. After introducing SDNs and examining traffic engineering and …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 22–31 Read article
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Comparative Study of Machine Learning Techniques for Intelligent 6G Wireless Networks
Abstract: With exponential increase in the traffic and corresponding bandwidth demand, there is an immediate requirement to serve this traffic through the high-speed wireless communication networks. To fulfil requirements of the next-generation users, it will be mandatory to resort to use of advanced physical layer solutions, spectral bands at higher frequency, and efficient software enabled intelligent algorithms. In this regard, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms will play a key role in ensuring …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Software-fault Tolerance with OOP Approach by NET
Abstract: ABSTRACTPresent study was focus on Object Oriented Paradigm using Visual Basic.net which can be reusable and robust structures that support the prediction of fault tolerance of software errors in the application layer. Once any software developed, their first goal is to create error free and objective met software. Although developers often have several problems after completion of their task, here we will give fault-tolerance techniques with vb.net. We are trying …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 1, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 100–109 Read article
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A Survey on Various Security Attacks in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
Abstract: AbstractMobile ad-hoc network is infrastructure-less network and there is no central authority to govern its functioning. Mobile nodes are connected with each other via wireless link and communicate with one other with the aid of intermediate nodes that come in their transmission range. Mobile nodes are keys to this network and hence are capable of moving free throughout the network; this property makes MANET to be attacked by various types …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 17–30 Read article
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Predictive Modeling System for Automated Skin Lesion Classification Using Deep Neural Networks and Voting Ensembles
Abstract: Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers globally. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for timely treatment and improved prognosis. This study presents a predictive modeling system for automated classification of skin lesions from dermoscopic images using deep neural networks and voting ensemble techniques. A customized 16-layer convolutional neural network architecture is developed for feature learning from lesion images. The concept of horizontal voting ensemble is implemented by …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 29–35 Read article