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114 articles for “Infectious Disease”
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Nano-Materials in Vaccine Formation and Chemical Formulae’s for Vaccination
Abstract: For centuries, vaccines have been a cornerstone of public health, preventing debilitating and deadly diseases. However, the development and delivery of effective vaccines have always been met with challenges. From stability issues and limited immune response to the need for specific targeting, scientists are constantly seeking innovative approaches to improve vaccine efficacy and accessibility. Enter nanomaterials – minuscule materials with dimensions at the nanoscale – offering a powerful toolkit to …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 27–39 Read article
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Gene Therapy in Modern Medicine: Promises and Challenge in Treating Genetic Diseases
Abstract: Gene therapy is a medical approach that focuses on altering or adjusting an individual’s genes to treat or prevent illnesses. The aim is to repair faulty genes or insert new ones into the body to combat diseases. Gene therapy can involve directly introducing modified or new genes into a patient’s cells or altering the genes already present in the patient’s body. This approach shows potential for treating a range of …
Published in International Journal of Genetic Modifications and Recombinations · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 27–32 Read article
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Social Determinant in Health : Epidemiological study of communicable diseases, Demography and Mortality rate.
Abstract: Introduction: Social Determinants of Health (SDH) significantly influence the spread and prevalence of communicable diseases. Factors such as poverty, income inequality, healthcare access, education, employment, location, and social connections shape disease transmission within populations. Additional factors like age, gender, migration, and urbanization further explain the relationship between SDH and public health. Mortality rates, including life expectancy, infant mortality, and access to clean water and sanitation, are deeply affected by these …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 41–56 Read article
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FDA Drug Approvals 2024: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: The year 2024 has been pivotal for the pharmaceutical industry, with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granting approval to a diverse array of new drugs. These approvals highlight significant strides in therapeutic innovation, targeting a spectrum of diseases from rare genetic disorders to prevalent chronic conditions. This article provides a detailed examination of the FDA-approved drugs of 2024, focusing on their therapeutic indications, mechanisms of action, and the …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 28–46 Read article
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Decompensated Liver Failure and Acute Renal Failure in a Patient with Chronic HBV,HCV, and HIV Infections
Abstract: This case study focuses on a 30-year-old male patient suffering from decompensated liver failure and acute renal failure, complicated by chronic hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV/AIDS. Presenting with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and general weakness, the patient had a history of alcohol and intravenous drug use, leading to chronic liver disease and acute renal failure. Despite aggressive interventions, including intravenous antibiotics and fluid therapy, his condition worsened …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 17–23 Read article
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Climate Change and Economic Vulnerability in Pakistan: An Analysis of Future Risks
Abstract: This paper discussed effects of climate change on economic vulnerability in Pakistan. The findings show that the nation's economy is negatively impacted by climate change. Poverty, unemployment, crime, forest fire, diseases, migration, internal displacement, urban slum, flood etc. will be increase in future due to climate change. Biodiversity and economic balance will be disturbed. Food production, electricity supply, basic infrastructure will be badly affected. Development activities in water resources, as …
Published in International Journal of Climate Conditions · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 39–46 Read article
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Uses of Nanotechnology in Medical Diagnostic Applications
Abstract: Nanoparticle and nanodevice is a boon for mankind to treat and deal with disease and medical diagnosis respectively. Nanotechnology is formed by the unity of chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine restricted to the nanoscale (about 1–100 nanometer (nm)). For example, early detection of malignant tumors and cancer biomarkers, which is impossible using conventional technologies. In here we will discuss nanosized sensors to identify different pathological parameters, foreign antigen and toxic …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology Read article
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Vaccines in the Fight Against COVID-19: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Global Challenges
Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created an unparalleled public health problem, necessitating comprehensive prevention. This page discusses COVID-19's evolution, scientific understanding, and quick vaccine production and implementation. It compares the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety profiles of the four major types of COVID-19 vaccines—namely mRNA, viral vector, protein subunit, and inactivated virus vaccines. Each type is evaluated in terms of how it stimulates the immune response, its effectiveness in preventing infection or …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 34–48 Read article
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Universal Immunization Program in India
Abstract: The Universal Immunization Program (UIP) in India, initiated by the Government of India in 1985 and incorporated into the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program in 1992, plays a crucial role in enhancing public health through systematic vaccination efforts. This program aims to save lives and strengthen immune systems by administering vaccines and antibiotics. The UIP has spurred the development of various campaigns, including mass media efforts, to promote immunization …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 24–30 Read article
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Toxicological Profiling and Safety Assessment of NASAT 2.0: A Conceptual Framework for Adaptive Nanoparticle Therapy in Rabies
Abstract: Rabies, caused by the highly neurotropic Rabies lyssavirus, remains one of the most enigmatic and universally lethal infectious diseases known to modern medicine. Once clinical symptoms manifest following successful neuroinvasion, the fatality rate approaches absolute certainty (approximately 99.9%), a staggering statistic that has remained largely unchallenged despite massive, concurrent advances in modern virology, critical care medicine, and cellular immunology. Current late-stage therapeutic protocols, most notably the widely debated Milwaukee Protocol, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–19 Read article
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India’s Pioneering Advancements in Vaccinology: Challenges and Milestones – Part 2
Abstract: India has become a global leader in vaccinology, playing a vital role in developing, producing, and distributing vaccines that protect millions of lives. By embracing advances in molecular immunology, recombinant antigen technology, and virus-like particle (VLP) platforms, the country has created affordable vaccines against major diseases, including poliovirus, rotavirus, and SARS-CoV-2. National initiatives, like Mission Indradhanush and Vaccine Maitri, have helped expand immunization coverage, improve public health, and share vaccines …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Advancing Public Health Through Vaccination: A Narrative Review of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Immunization Strategies
Abstract: RSV is a significant factor in causing lower respiratory tract infections in children, especially among infants and toddlers. Different age groups are affected by RSV in distinct ways, specifically affecting young children and elderly. People who are immunocompromised are more susceptible to RSV. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended vaccination doses with the age group to prevent mortality associated with RSV. Signs and symptoms often resemble common cold …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Tiryaq-E-Arba (A Poly Herbal Unani Formulation) in Fighting Against COVID-19 Like Conditions–Unani Perspective
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease of modern time with unique and rapid transmission rate and affected almost all the nations without respecting any border. World Health Organization stated it is an infective disease and pandemic. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) which created in Wuhan, China, has now spread to 192 countries and organizational regions infecting nearly 800,000 persons of all ages as of 31 March 2020. …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Herbal Science Read article
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Ebola Vaccination: From Outbreak Control to Global Preparedness
Abstract: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is one of the most dreadful and lethal viral infections, continuously generating threatening impacts on the health of the global population, especially in low-resource environments. This review provides an overview of Ebola vaccines, focusing on virology, vaccine development, clinical trials, regulatory approval, deployment plans, and ethical issues. Recombinant viral vector platforms have seen the development of successful vaccines, with the most prominent example being rVSV-ZEBOV, which …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 27–37 Read article
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Viral Chronicles: The Ever-Evolving Saga of COVID-19
Abstract: Coronaviruses, belonging to the family of RNA viruses, have recently captured global attention owing to their remarkable ability to infect a diverse array of species, ranging from animals to humans. These viral agents, recognized by their characteristic crown-like morphology when observed through electron microscopy, have a historical association with zoonotic diseases. Previous examples include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The term "Corona" …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 16–25 Read article
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Perspectives on ‘Kamsaharitaki’: an Ayurvedic Formulation for COVID-19 related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS)
Abstract: Background and Aim: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), together with Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), is a protein receptor for SARS-CoV-2 virus in the host subject; expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 reveals the multidimensional character of COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 Prominently induces pulmonary and systemic injury with other synergistic mechanisms. Preexisting chronic inflammatory conditions markedly sustain and aggravate the severity and cytokine storm. Inflammatory responses are closely linked with COVID-19 severity …
Published in Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy Read article
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Unani System of Medicine in Dentistry–A Review
Abstract: The dental afflictions are indubitably the most important global infectious diseases. Herbal medicines along with the extracts from the plants together are used for orofacial ailments since the time immemorial. Disease management in any discipline whatsoever rests on proper diagnosis, which in turn is dependent upon assiduous observation of the patient's complaint and temperament. Unani medicine is no exception; ergo, is looked upon as a welcome pragmatic chemotherapeutic approach. The …
Published in Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy Read article
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A Review on Manihot Esculenta Species
Abstract: Manihot esculenta, which is commonly known as Cassava, is a woody shrub that provides a high source of carbohydrate. It is an annual crop native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Nigeria is the largest producer of the cassava plant. The parts of the plant like leaves, roots, stems, etc are consumed in a variety of ways as they have been shown to possess activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Botany Read article
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Aloe vera: A Review on Its Medicinal Importance
Abstract: Today, one of the main causes of human infection is the antibiotic resistance of bacteria due to the use of antibiotics which causes the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The search for the discovery of healthy and effective antimicrobial agents continues. Aloe vera can be used for both therapeutic and preventive purposes in the case of a broad range of bacterial infections. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Crop science and Technology Read article
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A Note on Vaccine Design Using Bioinformatics Methods and Applications
Abstract: Vaccines prevent infectious diseases caused by viruses and bacteria saving millions of lives.It consists of certain agents that resemble disease causative agentsand stimulates our immune system to recognize and fight foreign antigens. Immune function or an immune response is the fundamental basis of the vaccine's mechanism. Vaccines are pharmaceutical derivatives that provide an affordable way to prevent diseases.Various bioinformatics approaches can be incorporated into vaccine design studies and development. Reverse …
Published in International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–9 Read article