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106 articles for “microbial infection.”
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Nanotechnology in Surgical Drains: Reducing Infections and Promoting Healing Post-Surgery
Abstract: Surgical drains are widely used in postoperative care to evacuate accumulated fluids, minimize dead space, and reduce complications such as hematoma and seroma formation. Despite their clinical importance, conventional drains are frequently associated with retrograde bacterial migration, biofilm formation, and increased risk of surgical site infections (SSIs), which contribute significantly to postoperative morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the development of nano-functionalized surgical drains with …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 54–67 Read article
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Post-Antibiotic Gut Microbiota Recovery in the Rumen: Insights into Colonization Patterns, Population Density, and Diversity Dynamics
Abstract: The post-antibiotic recovery of gut microbiota represents a critical area of research in understanding how microbial communities rebalance and re-establish homeostasis following antibiotic-induced disruptions. Antibiotics, while effective against infections, can cause substantial shifts in gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis – a state of microbial imbalance that impairs gut health and functions. This recovery process involves multiple complex dynamics, including colonization patterns, population density, and the restoration of microbial diversity. The …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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Chitosan-Based Polymer Coatings for Antimicrobial Catheter Surfaces
Abstract: Catheter-associated infections (CAIs) remain a major clinical challenge. Microbial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation on catheter surfaces significantly reduce the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy, resulting in prolonged hospitalization, increased healthcare costs, and higher patient morbidity. Consequently, the development of antimicrobial polymer coatings has emerged as an effective strategy for minimizing catheter-associated infections while improving device performance. Among the various biomaterials investigated, chitosan has attracted considerable attention owing to its intrinsic …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 Read article
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An Update on HIV-2 Infection
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV–2) infection is an important cause of disease in a number of regions of the world. But the knowledge about this infection is sparse. Prevalence data on HIV-2 is heterogeneous. HIV-2 has a lower infectivity than HIV-1 which can be related to the lower RNA levels in this virus. The rate of progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in HIV-2-infected patients is highly variable making …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 34–42 Read article
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Prolonged Antibiotic Use and Reproductive Challenges in Dairy Cows: Implications for Ovarian, Uterine, and Overall Reproductive Health
Abstract: The widespread use of antibiotics in dairy farming has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on reproductive performance. Prolonged antibiotic administration can disrupt endocrine regulation, alter ovarian function, impair uterine health, and compromise overall fertility in dairy cows. This review explores the multifaceted consequences of antibiotic exposure on reproductive physiology, highlighting its effects on hormonal balance, follicular dynamics, uterine microbiota, and embryo viability. Antibiotics may induce hormonal imbalances that interfere …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 22–40 Read article
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Identification of ESBL producing Escherichia coli from Urine Samples at Tertiary Care Hospital in Jhalawar
Abstract: Introduction: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a serious worldwide threat to public health due to the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria and is considered as a great problem in the treatment of bacterial infections both in hospital as well as community settings. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing strains have emerged as a significant challenge to counter with present antibiotics. Aims: Our study was aimed to know the prevalence of ESBL producing …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 38–45 Read article
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The Predatory Bacteria, Bdellovibrio and Like Organisms (BALOs): An Emerging Savior for Human Welfare
Abstract: Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) are capable of killing other Gram negative pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria dwelling in a diverse environmental niches such as soil, freshwater and ocean. The predatory nature of BALOs can be a viable alternative to conventional use of antibiotics to treat ocular, periodontal, respiratory and fish pathogen infections since the incessant use develops resistance against them. Unique property such as potential to survive in ecologically hazardous …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 19–33 Read article
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Host-Pathogen Coevolution: Implications for Immune Evasion and Pathogen Fitness
Abstract: The interaction between hosts and pathogens represents a continuous evolutionary struggle, shaping both microbial virulence and host immunity. Pathogens employ diverse strategies to evade immune surveillance, ranging from antigenic variation and molecular mimicry to hijacking of host immune checkpoints. Simultaneously, hosts refine innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to counteract infection and limit damage. This reciprocal adaptation, known as host–pathogen coevolution, influences pathogen persistence, transmission, and fitness, while also sculpting immune …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 6–10 Read article
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Host Invasion to Immune Evasion: Emerging Concepts in Pathogen Virulence Strategies
Abstract: The interaction between hosts and pathogens represents a continuous evolutionary struggle, shaping both microbial virulence and host immunity. Pathogens employ diverse strategies to evade immune surveillance, ranging from antigenic variation and molecular mimicry to hijacking of host immune checkpoints. Simultaneously, hosts refine innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to counteract infection and limit damage. This reciprocal adaptation, known as host–pathogen coevolution, influences pathogen persistence, transmission, and fitness, while also sculpting immune …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Nutritional Influence on Gut Health and Immune Function: An Integrative Perspective
Abstract: The study of nutrition, gut health, and immune function is fast changing and has major implications for disease prevention and management. A varied microbiome in the gut regulates immune responses. A balanced diet with fiber, polyphenols, and important nutrients maintains a healthy gut flora, which regulates immune function and inflammation. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota, is connected to autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory bowel illnesses. New research reveals that …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 30–44 Read article
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The Role of Natural Products in Antiviral Drug Discovery: Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Abstract: Drug discovery has always relied heavily on natural sources, especially when it comes to creating antiviral medications. This review explores the therapeutic potential of various natural products, including plant extracts, marine compounds, and microbial metabolites, in the fight against viral infections. We examine the mechanisms of action by which these natural compounds exert their antiviral effects, including direct inhibition of viral replication, modulation of host immune responses, and interference with …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 36–47 Read article
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Aloe vera: A Review on Its Medicinal Importance
Abstract: Today, one of the main causes of human infection is the antibiotic resistance of bacteria due to the use of antibiotics which causes the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The search for the discovery of healthy and effective antimicrobial agents continues. Aloe vera can be used for both therapeutic and preventive purposes in the case of a broad range of bacterial infections. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Crop science and Technology Read article
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Tsetse Flies and African Trypanosomiasis: Biology, Epidemiology, and Integrated Vector Control.
Abstract: Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are hematophagous dipterans confined to sub-Saharan Africa and serve as cyclical vectors of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT), with major implications for human health, livestock productivity, and rural development. An integrated understanding of tsetse biology, parasite transmission, climate, and land–use–driven distribution shifts, and the comparative performance of control tools—especially insecticides and sterile insect technique (SIT)—is essential for designing sustainable elimination strategies. HAT …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 21–28 Read article
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An Ayurveda Management of High Level of Fecal Calprotectin – A Single Case Study
Abstract: Calprotectin is protein found in leucocytes. Calprotectin plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including cell differentiation, immune modulation, tumor development, programmed cell death, and inflammatory responses. Gut inflammation due to various cause like genetic inheritance, changes in microbiota within intestine, defective immune regulation. Also, some infective such as salmonella, E. coli, Cytomegalovirus, Amoebiasis etc., and Non-infective such as Ischaemic colitis, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Colonic carcinoma etc., can mimic …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga and Naturopathy · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 19–25 Read article
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Safe Practices: Sterilization and Disinfection in Orthodontics– A Review
Abstract: Sterilization is a process by which an article, surface or medium is freed of all microorganisms either in vegetative or spore state. Disinfection is the process of destroying or inhibiting most pathogenic microorganisms and inactivating some viruses, hence reducing microbial contamination to safety levels. To prevent the cross infection which spreads through the different types of instruments used during orthodontic management is of outmost importance as a preventive measure. The …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 32–38 Read article
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Comparison of Nested PCR and Real Time PCR of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Encephalitis Cases
Abstract: Introduction: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in the central nervous system (CNS). Presently, the development of effective antiviral therapy has resulted in an increased need for the rapid and sensitive diagnosis of HSV infections. Aims: To evaluate the usefulness of real-time PCR for diagnosing HSV encephalitis (HSE), we prospectively compared results of real-time PCR and nested PCR, using clinical samples. Methods and Material: viral …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 34–36 Read article
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Artificial Intelligence in Microbiological Research: Methods, Applications and Implications
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionising microbiological research by enabling the rapid analysis of complex biological data and improving the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of scientific investigations. Recent advances in machine learning, deep learning, and bioinformatics have transformed AI into a powerful tool for studying microorganisms, their genetic composition, evolutionary patterns, and interactions with hosts and the environment. AI-driven computational models can process large and complex datasets far more efficiently than …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 22–36 Read article
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Mucosal Defense Mechanism in Fish: An Overview
Abstract: Mucosal surfaces are important physical barriers whose main function is to protect the systemic environment of the body against microbial invasion. It is the first line of defense to protect the animal and also functioning as an active immune tissue. Four mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs), which start the immune responses are skin, gills, gut, and nose, have been reported in fish. Humoral and cellular immunity, their regulation and the factors …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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CHARACTERIZATION, VIRULENCE TESTING AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF VARIOUS CANDIDA SPECIES AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE, AMRITSAR
Abstract: IntroductionSerious fungal infections particularly Candida infection have increased in recent years as a consequence of increased immunosuppression associated with HIV infection, organ and tissue transplant and aggressive treatment for malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Present study was conducted to Characterize various Candida species isolated from various clinical samples, their virulence testing by biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility pattern.Settings and Design:A prospective observational study was conducted from September 2014 to June 2016 …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Lysogenic Phage Cocktails with Embedded Fluorophores for Field Wound Diagnostics.
Abstract: Rapid and accurate detection of wound infections in field settings remains a critical challenge in emergency and military medicine. Conventional microbiological diagnostics are time- consuming and laboratory-dependent. Bacteriophages, particularly lysogenic phages, offer high specificity toward bacterial hosts and can be engineered as diagnostic tools. A translational framework was developed for lysogenic bacteriophage cocktails embedded with fluorophore reporters for rapid, point-of-care wound diagnostics. Mechanisms of phage infection, lysogenic integration, and fluorophore …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 Read article