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365 articles for “Channel”
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Heterogeneous Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Network using Enhanced Energy Detection and Matched Filter
Abstract: AbstractOne of the most predominant aspect in cognitive radio networks is spectrum sensing which allows a secondary user (unlicensed user) to detect the presence or absence of a primary user (licensed user). A number of sensing techniques have been proposed in the past. In order to achieve a high spectrum efficiency, the compatibility of the common spectrum detection techniques primarily used such as energy detection and matched filter are employed …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 35–42 Read article
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Surface-Driven Capillary Flow of Aqueous Microparticle Suspensions as Working Liquids in the PMMA Microfluidic Devices
Abstract: AbstractPolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microfluidic devices have been fabricated by the maskless lithography, hot embossing lithography, drilling and direct bonding technique. The influence of effective viscosity on the speed of surface-driven capillary flow of aqueous microparticle suspensions has been studied. The surface-driven capillary flow of any particular aqueous microparticle suspension is faster in the microchannel of larger channel aspect ratio. Also, the surface-driven suspension flow is faster on the surface of higher …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 18–21 Read article
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25 Gbps Downstream, 3 Gbps Upstream, 20 Km Reach PON Using Duobinary Modulation Based on Reflective-ONU Utilizing R-SOA for Remodulation
Abstract: AbstractThe paper demonstrates 3 Gbps upstream transmission, 25 Gbps of downstream transmission of a single channel PON over 20 Km utilizing the wavelength reuse scheme using R-SOA in the ONU. NRZ and duobinary modulation scheme is considered and compared and the duobinary modulation scheme is selected for its better performance.Keywords: Reflective semiconductor optical amplifier, Passive Optical Network (PON), duobinary modulation, fiber to the x (FTTx)
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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A Case Study of Free Space Optic Performance Using Simulation Tools – OptSim
Abstract: ABSTRACTFree space optics (FSO) has received a great deal of attention lately both in the military and civilian information society due to its potentially high capacity, rapid deployment, portability and high security from deception and jamming. A proper understanding of optical signal propagation in different atmospheric conditions has become essential, and thus there arises the need to rationalize the effects of atmospheric channel on terrestrial FSO links. This paper studies …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 1, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Simulative Investigation of RoF and FSO Based Hybrid Network with Different Types of Fibers
Abstract: Free-Space Optics (FSO) is a communication network in which free space work as a channel between transceivers and uses line-of-sight technology and it uses a laser to deliver optical bandwidth association. At present, the FSO system is able for transmission of data, audio and video messages through the environment, permission for optic connectivity not having need of fiber optic cable or protecting spectrum licenses. FSO network can operate over distances …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Optical Recording of Surface-Driven Capillary Flow in Straight PMMA Microchannels
Abstract: AbstractIn this experimental work, a total of six individual straight microchannels are fabricated using maskless lithography, hot embossing lithography and direct bonding technique. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the selected transparent polymer to fabricate these microchannels facilitating the optical recording of the surface-driven capillary flow of dyed water (working liquid) using a CMOS camera catching 25 frames per second with a corresponding time-scale resolution of 0.04 second. Dyed water as dyed working …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 24–30 Read article
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Evaluation of OTA Amplifier Using EEG Signals
Abstract: AbstractOver the last few years, there has been a tremendous exploration in VLSI industries in response to scaling trends towards deep submicron technology. Demand for low power and efficient amplification are rising in day-to-day life. In the process of scaling the CMOS nanometer demand low supply, which is helped to design digital circuit realization at very low power consumption. But it is not valid for analog circuit realization. The related …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 5–14 Read article
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LoRa based Healthcare and Agriculture Monitoring System with IoT Platform
Abstract: Because of the absence of portable foundation in local regions, a ton of current innovations can't be utilized effectively. With Long Range (LoRa) and Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), there are new ideas for remote long-range correspondence which have been set up. They empower an advanced specialized answer for convey in rural regions, where current portable organization inclusion is absent. This paper examines LoRaWAN for Agriculture and Healthcare based …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 7–12 Read article
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Use of the Visible Spectrum of Light and Light Transmission: A Review
Abstract: Almost everyone uses the internet today, either over a wired or wireless network, to complete their tasks. Everyone, including businesses, organisations, entrepreneurs, and institutions, is concerned about accessing the right information at the right time and place, so internet speed is a significant issue. Then you need technology, a wide range of channels, and quick internet connectivity. According to 1EEE 802.11n specifications, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) provides a speed of 150 …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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Review on Strengthening & Retrofitting of RCC & Masonry Bridge Structure with Analytical Modelling of Sensor Data for the Durability of Bridge Structure
Abstract: In later a long time, monstrous advancement in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges makes a difference address the life span and unwavering quality of bridge structure at differentiating stages of their benefit life. This article gives a point-by-point understanding of bridge observing, and it centers on sensors utilized and all sorts of harm location (strain, Displacement, acceleration, and temperature) concurring to bridge nature (scour, suspender failure, disconnection of bolt …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 16–23 Read article
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Modeling and Simulation of Autonomous Vehicle Management System Using Fuzzy Theory
Abstract: ABSTRACT Fuzzy techniques have demonstrated a surge in the practical applications of fuzzy set theory. This paper presents the speed control mechanism that solves the problem intelligently by learning, adaptation and incorporating human knowledge. The proposed speed controller is used to manage the speed of the trains while at the same time managing the uncertainty in the condition of railway tracks. To deal with the aforesaid issues of uncertainty a …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2012 · pp. 39–47 Read article
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Phase Noise Reduction in WLAN by Applying Wavelet Packet Multiplexing
Abstract: The IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless Local Area Networks (LANs) commercialized as Wi-Fi are deployed in office and home environments. These systems provide data rates up to 1300 Mbps at 5 GHz and 400 Mbps at 2.4 GHz with physical layer based on OFDM and MIMOOFDM. Traditionally, multiplexing in OFDM is realized using static orthogonal waveforms derived from Fourier transforms. The decoding of the data at receiver is based on …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 8–15 Read article
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Analysis of FSO Communication System under different weather conditions by incorporating Pre and Post Optical Amplifier
Abstract: AbstractFSO Communication is currently needed for the modern era because of high channel capacity and bandwidth. FSO is a line of sight; license free and low-cost technology which makes it preferred over radio frequency communication and other wireless technologies. In this paper, the first part tells about the introduction of the FSO system, its advantages, disadvantages and applications. The second part will discuss the atmospheric attenuation caused by different weather …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 16–24 Read article
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Data Security in Cloud Computing
Abstract: Cloud computing is one of the rapidly developing technology in the IT industry due to its performance, optimal cost, easy deployment, reduced management and so on. As per consumers point of view, security in cloud computing mainly concerns, data security and data privacy issues. According to IDC (International Data Corporation) survey, security acts as a biggest challenge among the cloud users. The biggest concern about cloud is security which plays …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 17–23 Read article
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Optimize Throughput by Estimating Optimal Packet Length for Wireless Sensor Node
Abstract: AbstractA Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is employed for monitoring and control of distributed sensing points with the use of Sensor Nodes (SN). The sensor nodes form a wireless network to disseminate the sensed data over to the base station for its processing and analysis. For a wireless network, effective and efficient communication of data from the sensor node to base station plays a vital role in estimating the life of …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 37–45 Read article
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Block SLM Scheme for Efficient PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems
Abstract: AbstractOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an attractive technique due to its high-speed data transmission and robustness for time-selective channels. However, the major drawback of OFDM system is high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, two PAPR reduction schemes have been introduced; one is conventional selected mapping (SLM) scheme and a new proposed block selected mapping (BSLM) scheme to obtain PAPR reduction performance in OFDM system. In the proposed …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2013 · pp. 10–16 Read article
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A Circuit Approach for CMOS VLSI Circuit Leakage Power Reduction
Abstract: Despite the fact that scaling CMOS technology boosted speed, leakage currents always remained an issue. The issue has gotten worse as the scaling has gone into the UDSM (ultra-deep-submicron) range. In order for the circuit to function effectively, these unwanted leakage currents must be reduced to a minimum. It is challenging to create these leakage-free nano-scale CMOS circuits. In this work, the issue of leakage power is addressed, which occurs …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 7–18 Read article
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Child Rescue System from Borewells Using Arduino
Abstract: India is facing water crisis constantly. India grapples persistently with an ongoing water crisis. It holds the unfortunate distinction of being the largest global extractor of groundwater, a perilous trend that jeopardizes political, economic stability, and public health in the long term. Consequently, there has been a surge in borewell installations tapping into subsurface aquifers, often situated in human-populated areas, with some failing to yield adequate groundwater resources. The traditional …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 10–17 Read article
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AN ACTIVE SPOOF MANAGEMENT IN AN EMAIL APPLICATION
Abstract: One of theserious security issue for email applications is spoofing.Most of the anti-email spoofing techniques developed recently,donot provide users with sufficient control and information on spoof attacks.In this technique, a web based client oriented anti-spoofing email application is developed which actively detects,monitors and controls email spoofing attacks.While the application detects a spoofed message,it triggers an alert message and sends the spoofed message into a spoof filter.However,the user is also given …
Published in Journal Of Network security · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 6–8 Read article
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Medical Tourism in India: Perspective of Unani Medicine
Abstract: Medical tourism has emerged as a one of the trending markets across the globe. It encompasses primarily and predominantly biomedical procedures, combined with travel and tourism such as when consumers elect to travel across international borders to receive some form of medical treatment, which may span the full range of medical services. Though travelling abroad for health benefits is not a recent concept, it has gained more momentum and media …
Published in Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 52–60 Read article