Search
457 articles for “Low Temperature”
-
Design and Control of Ethyl Acetate Production Process
Abstract: In this study, the design and control of ethyl acetate production plant has been investigated. The proposed design consists of a continuous-stirred tank reactor and two distillation columns. Ethanol reacts with acetic acid and gives ethyl acetate and water. Plant-wide operability and control of the entire process plant with decentralized controllers is explained by doing both steady state and dynamic simulations. Tray temperature control loop performance is tested for the …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 9–20 Read article
-
Experimental and CFD Investigation of an Epoxy-Based Thermally Conductive Polymer Composite U-Tube Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger: A Lightweight Alternative to Conventional Metal Systems
Abstract: Shell-and-tube heat exchangers continue to play a critical role in industrial thermal systems; however, their conventional design based on fully metallic materials often leads to challenges related to weight, corrosion, and cost. In recent years, thermally conductive polymer composites have emerged as promising alternatives, offering improved corrosion resistance and design flexibility. In this study, the thermo-hydraulic performance of a U-tube shell-and-tube heat exchanger is investigated by partially replacing conventional metallic …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 685–700 Read article
-
Electron beam irradiation studies of polyethylene maleic anhydride on their Chemical and Thermal properties.
Abstract: The electron beam (e-beam) irradiation effects on polyethylene maleic anhydride (MANPE) are investigated by spectroscopic and thermal methods. The MANPE irradiated with electron beam to a radiation dose of 30, 60 and 90 K Gy and the resultant changes in their chemical structure and thermal properties have been investigated by Electron spin resonance (ESR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 17–30 Read article
-
Numerical Simulation of Transient Free Convection in a Rectangular Cavity Filled with Porous Material Using Finite Element Formulations
Abstract: In this study, the finite element method is used to quantitatively explore transient free convection in porous cavities in order to understand the flow characteristics and heat conduction processes in the square cavities. In comparison to an uniform temperature gradient, the left wall is swiftly heated and the right wall is allowed to cool to a specific temperature. The horizontal walls are insulated on both sides. Dimensionless representations of the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 11, Issue 8, 2023 · pp. 1–10 Read article
-
Investigations of A Solar Dryer With Thermal Storage
Abstract: This study presents the design, building, and performance evaluation of a low-cost mixed-mode natural convection solar cabinet dryer in conjunction with a latent heat thermal energy storage system. The work's goal is to reduce post-harvest losses in rural and semi-urban areas by offering an effective and reasonably priced method of preserving agricultural goods. The dryer is made out of a transparent polycarbonate lid to allow for solar heat gain, an …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 48–63 Read article
-
Precision Agriculture Revolution: A Low-cost Smart Irrigation System Empowered by IoT for Small-scale Farmers
Abstract: Precision agriculture powered by Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming traditional farming practices for improved crop yield and sustainability. This paper presents the architecture, implementation and testing of a low-cost smart irrigation system aimed at optimal utilization of water resources for small-scale farmers. The automated system monitors a suite of sensors that provide field data such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity. An intelligent controller processes this information to operate water …
Published in Journal of Mechatronics and Automation · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 21–29 Read article
-
A Brief Review on Solar Water Heater
Abstract: Solar Energy is a renewable source of energy. Its applications are not hazardous as they do not promote to production of greenhouse gases and additional contaminants to the environment. Focused collectors are generally used in solar thermal power generation and water heating system as well. It is extremely common owing to its superior thermal efficiency, minimal construction needs and low production expense. This paper is concerned with an experimental study …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–6 Read article
-
Stretchable Elastomer–Phase Change Composites for Passive Thermal Management in Wearable Electronics
Abstract: Elastomer-embedded phase change material (EPCM) composites are developed as stretchable, leakage-free, and electrically insulating thermal regulation layers for wearable electronics operating under stringent skin-safety requirements. The EPCM architecture comprises microencapsulated organic phase change materials (μPCM, 30–70 wt%) uniformly dispersed within soft elastomer matrices based on PDMS or SEBS-type thermoplastic elastomers, together with low loadings (1–8 wt%) of electrically insulating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) fillers to enhance lateral heat transport. Differential …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 30–41 Read article
-
Novel Porous Refractory Synthesized from Diatomaceous Earth and Rice Husk Ash
Abstract: Refractory materials are products used in thermal equipment to protect the fire and prevent heat loss to the outside environment. Thermal equipment such as driers, ceramic kilns, glass or metal furnaces and others always consume high heat in the combustion of the fuel. If the thermal equipments have high heat loss which cause wastes of fuel and increases production costs. Therefore, researchers are always looking for a solution to minimize …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 128–137 Read article
-
Internal Resorption in the Dentin-Pulpal Complex: An Etiological Link to the Metabolic Acidosis of Diabetes
Abstract: The etiology of internal resorption is not by bacteria or caries but most likely initiated from chronic pulpal inflammation (i.e., chronic pulpitis) following intrusive injury to the dental pulp by one or more of the following means: (1) Traumatic injury (i.e., the most likely etiology) which often involves the oral cavity and teeth. (2) Chemical injury may be by elevated dose fluoride use or from caustic products used in bleaching. …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 1–6 Read article
-
Critical Review on Multifunctional Polymer Composites for Weight Reduction and AI Based Battery Thermal Management in Electric Vehicles
Abstract: The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has intensified the need for advanced materials and intelligent control systems capable of improving energy efficiency, driving range, thermal safety, and overall vehicle sustainability. This paper presents a critical review of multifunctional polymer composites and artificial intelligence-based battery thermal management systems (AI-BTMS) for next-generation EV applications. Polymer composites reinforced with carbon fibers, graphene, boron nitride, nanoclays, and carbon nanotubes offer significant advantages over …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 603–619 Read article
-
Vapour Phase Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid Over Carbon Coated HZSM-5 Supported Ni Catalysts
Abstract: Carbon coated HZSM-5 supported Ni catalyst shown to be a promising catalyst in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to yield γ- valerolactone. Physicochemical characterizations were undertaken using N2 physisorption, H2-chemisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), CHNS and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) techniques. The CHNS studies reveal about 3 wt% carbon was coated by the passage of cyclohexene at 600 °C for 3 h. The carbon coated HZSM-5 supported Ni catalyst shown lower …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 33–38 Read article
-
Studies on Mechanical, Thermal, Physical Properties and Characterisation of PLA-EVA Blend with Microclay and Product Development
Abstract: PLA-EVA (70:30 wt. %) with microclay (1, 3, 5 wt. %) was also melt blended using Glycerol (1%) was used as compatibilizer in a twin screw compounding extruder. Then test specimens were prepared by an injection molding machine. Mechanical, thermal and physical properties were evaluated. As microclay content was increased, the tensile strength, elongation at break and tensile modulus were slightly decreased but higher than that of PLA-EVA (30 wt. …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 24–33 Read article
-
Influence of Acidic Naf-Hf Solution on Dental Minerals
Abstract: The effect of solutions of sodium fluoride in hydrofluoric acid on the fluoride-dental minerals reaction system was investigated. The fluoride concentration in each fluoride solution was kept at 1.23% as the fluoride concentration in the acidulated phosphate fluoride solution at pH 3. The acidic sodium fluoride-hydrofluoric acid solutions with different contents of sodium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid were prepared. These solutions were added to synthetic powder hydroxyapatite and calcium hydrogen …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 27–37 Read article
-
Smart Air Quality Monitoring System using IoT
Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of a Smart Air Quality Monitoring System using the ESP32 Wi-Fi microcontroller integrated with an MQ-2 gas sensor and a DHT-11 temperature and humidity sensor. The system continuously monitors environmental parameters including air quality (smoke, LPG, CO, and other combustible gases), temperature, and relative humidity in real time. The acquired sensor data is transmitted wirelessly to the Blynk IoT platform, enabling users to …
Published in Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
-
Impact of Sol–Gel Processing on Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of BaTiO3 Nanoceramics
Abstract: Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is a widely studied ferroelectric material because of its high dielectric permittivity and strong potential for electrostatic energy storage applications. In this study, BaTiO3 nanoceramics were synthesized using a controlled sol–gel processing route to investigate the influence of synthesis conditions on their dielectric relaxation and energy storage performance. The synthesized powders were calcined and subsequently sintered at temperatures ranging from 1100°C to 1300°C. Structural analysis using X-ray …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 11–25 Read article
-
Intelligent Plant Watering System with Arduino Uno
Abstract: The working version of this intelligent irrigation system reduces water use by dynamically watering plants based on their requirements. The system calculates water needs by recording soil temperature and moisture using Arduino electronics and soil moisture sensors. Water is released quickly and is saved up to 80% by triggering a solenoid valve. The affordable approach works well for farming, maintaining lawns, and maintaining parks, lowering hazards and streamlining work while …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Production Engineering · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 26–32 Read article
-
A Review on Waste Heat Recovery Processes and a Proposed Scheme for Commercial Establishments
Abstract: AbstractWhen the matter of harvesting waste heat is considered, the major questions that arise are the amount of waste heat generated and the efficiency of conversion of the same into useful energy. This paper reviews recent research on waste heat recovery and also proposes an idea of how we can harness waste heat from commercial establishments using Thermopiles / Thermoelectric Generators and use that electrical energy for low power loads. …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 1–8 Read article
-
AEROGELS – A VALUE ADDITION TO HARVEST SOLAR ENERGY
Abstract: Aerogels are a class of synthetic porous ultralight material that was created in 1930 and derived from a gel, in which the liquid component has been replaced with a gas without collapsing the gel structure by freeze-drying. It is made of silica, but carbon, iron oxide, gold, copper, polymer etc. can also be used. During freeze drying the liquid in the gel is slowly dried off without collapsing the solid …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 23–39 Read article
-
Fabrication and Properties of Recycled PET Reinforced Waste Cellulosic Fiber Composites
Abstract: The economic utilization of lignocellulose waste, which is now being explored, is one of the environmental problems confronting third-world nations. Waste cellulosic fiber (paper sludge, PS) composites will enable the cost of the composite to be reduced while allowing for the efficient use of a waste material that is presently burned or buried. Environmentally friendly composites made from PSreinforced recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) matrix with the addition of SEBS-g-MA as …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 9–20 Read article