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583 articles for “Design Understanding”
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Optimisation of Electrocoagulation Flocculation Treatment of Laundry Greywater with Design of Experiment Methodology
Abstract: It is becoming increasingly more important to relook at the impact that greywater has on the environment and the opportunities that it can provide for water re-use. More especially that the sewer pipelines are often over flooded and overflowing onto the streets in most townships in South Africa due to sewer blockages, population, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) overcapacity. To cope with current and future wastewater treatment (WWT) demands, developments …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 41–58 Read article
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A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of STP on Hazardous Effect of Smoking Among Adult in PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana
Abstract: Background & Objectives: The study's objective is to evaluate the impact of STP on adults' understanding of the harmful effects of smoking at PDM University in Bahadurgarh, Haryana. Materials & Methods: The current study used a quasi-experimental research design as its approach. With 40 individuals total—20 for the experimental group and 20 for the control group—the study utilized a purposive sampling approach in order to select its sample. Sociodemographic characteristics …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 58–64 Read article
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Luminescent Phenomena and Materials: Fundamentals, Developments, and Multidisciplinary Applications
Abstract: Luminescence, defined as the emission of light without significant heat generation, represents a fundamental phenomenon bridging physics, chemistry, materials science, and biotechnology. Over the centuries, the understanding of luminescence has evolved from simple observational curiosity to a sophisticated quantum-mechanical framework describing electronic transitions in atoms, molecules, and solids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development, fundamental mechanisms, classifications, and material systems associated with luminescence. It places particular …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Ethical Challenges in Natural Language Processing: A Comparative Study of Solutions Across Multiple Domains
Abstract: This comparative analysis investigates the ethical challenges associated with natural language processing (NLP) by reviewing and synthesizing insights from ten influential and widely cited publications in the field. As NLP technologies are increasingly integrated into domains such as healthcare, finance, education, and governance, ethical concerns related to algorithmic bias, data privacy, fairness, accountability, and system transparency have become more prominent. This paper systematically examines how different researchers conceptualize and address …
Published in Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 01–07 Read article
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Molecular Dynamics and Therapeutic Architectures of Cannabinoid Receptors: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Expanding on these foundations, recent structural biology studies using cryo-electron microscopy have provided high-resolution insights into the conformational dynamics of CB₁ and CB₂ receptors. These findings have enabled a more precise understanding of ligand–receptor interactions, particularly how agonists, antagonists, and reverse agonists stabilize distinct receptor states. Such knowledge is critical for rational drug design, allowing researchers to selectively modulate downstream signaling pathways. For instance, CB₁ receptors primarily couple to Gi/o …
Published in International Journal of Cheminformatics · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 36–40 Read article
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Digital Techniques for Preserving Cultural Heritage
Abstract: Digital heritage includes cultural materials that are available in digital form or have been transformed into digital formats so that they can be preserved and accessed over a long period of time. It represents valuable cultural content that technology helps to store, protect, and share with present and future generations. With the rapid expansion of digital technologies, cultural expressions and historical records are increasingly being created, shared, and stored through …
Published in Journal of Advancements in Library Sciences · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 10–14 Read article
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LabVIEW based Virtual Instrument for Simulation of Doppler Blood Flow Velocimetry of Umbilical Artery
Abstract: Doppler blood flow velocimetry has become a routine practice for fetal surveillance in high-risk pregnancies. Doppler assessment of various fetal vascular beds helps in determining the relationship between fetal circulation and associated fetal conditions like hypoxia, brain-sparing effect and growth restriction. The umbilical artery, uterine artery and middle cerebral artery are three most studied vascular beds for fetal surveillance. In our research we are focused only on the umbilical artery …
Published in Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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A Survey of Information Literacy Programmes in Engineering College Libraries in Bangalore
Abstract: The present study is an attempt to examine the implementation of information literacy programmes in engineering college libraries in Bangalore. The major objective of this study is to assess the importance and competencies of information literacy programmes in undergraduate level colleges, understand the implementation status and developing trends in information literacy programs and practices, to know how the information literacy programmes were planned, designed, delivered and also to know the …
Published in Journal of Advancements in Library Sciences · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 65–75 Read article
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Agile Modeling and Building an Inclusive Online Coding Platform for Programming
Abstract: The integration of agile modeling principles within professional programming emphasizes the development of online coding platforms tailored to meet the diverse needs of computer science and engineering students. This study introduces an agile-based, API-integrated J2EE online coding platform, designed to create a sophisticated and user-friendly environment for seamless programming practice, particularly focusing on Java programming. The platform offers real-time tracking of programming progress and enhances the understanding of complex coding …
Published in Recent Trends in Programming languages · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 33–42 Read article
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A Method of Universal Primer Design for The Detection of Diverged CTX-M Beta-Lactamases in Multi-Drug Resistant Superbugs
Abstract: Complexity of many diverged β-lactamases in common multi-drug resistant bacteria has reached very high level. We found >40% of common bacteria in Kolkata water bodies were ampicillin resistant and reported clinical isolates were >95% ampicillin resistant worldwide. More than twenty unique sequence classes of β-lactamases were known to cause MDR inactivating penicillin, cephalosporin and carbapenem drugs. Further, there are other diverged MDR genes like drug efflux genes (acrAB, mexAB-EF, tetA), …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Machine Learning for Finding Materials for Membranes
Abstract: Traditionally, finding and improving membrane materials has depended on trial-and-error experiments, which can take a long time, cost a lot of money, and only cover a small area. Recent improvements in machine learning (ML) have the potential to change the way membrane materials are designed by making it possible to make predictions about performance, selectivity, and stability based on data. ML algorithms can find hidden links between the structure, composition, …
Published in International Journal of Membranes · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Review of the Impact of Artificial Roughness in Solar Air Heaters
Abstract: Artificially roughening the heated surface of solar air heaters is a practical and affordable method to significantly increase the rate of heat transmission. Roughing up the surface can improve the design of a solar air heater (SAH) duct. The use of baffles, fins, ribs and grooves improves heat transmission in the SAH. Various efforts were made to improve heat transfer rates through duct employing these components, which resulted in significant …
Published in Trends in Machine design · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Seismic Analysis of Elevated Intze Type Water Tank
Abstract: As known from previous occurrences, Elevated water tanks were heavily damaged or collapsed during earthquakes. This might be due to lack of knowledge about seismic behaviour of water tank or improper geometrical selection of staging patterns. The staging plays critical role in design of water tanks as in water tanks large mass is supported by slender staging. The main objective of this study is to understand the seismic behaviour of …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 14–18 Read article
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DRIVER ANTI-SLEEP ALARMING AND PROTECTION
Abstract: Road accidents due to driver drowsiness is one of the biggest problems worldwide, which kills thousands of people every year. Fatigue slows the reaction time, reduces the concentration, and, most importantly, impairs the judgment, thus making drowsy driving as dangerous as drunk driving. To reduce such accidents, various technologies have been employed to develop driver anti-sleep devices. These include sensor-based detection, camera-based eye monitoring, EEG analysis, and real-time alert systems. …
Published in International Journal of Electronics Automation · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Effect of Blunt Truncation in an Aerospike Nozzle
Abstract: Aerospike nozzles are gaining attention as a more advanced alternative to conventional bell nozzles, mainly because they can perform efficiently across a wide range of altitude conditions. Unlike traditional converging–diverging nozzles, aerospike designs naturally adjust to changes in ambient pressure, allowing the exhaust flow to expand more effectively. This results in better thrust performance under varying operating conditions, making them a strong candidate for future aerospace propulsion systems. In this …
Published in Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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The Role of Mathematical Reasoning in Legal Analysis: Bridging Two Disciplines
Abstract: This research paper explores the integration of mathematical reasoning into legal analysis, emphasizing the inherent similarities between the two disciplines. Both fields rely on logical structures, such as deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and other formal methods of thought. By examining these parallels, the paper reveals the nascent but growing interaction between mathematics and law, uncovering how the organizational schemes that underpin mathematical principles can enhance legal argumentation, decision-making, and analysis. …
Published in Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Crystal Defects and Their Characterization in Modern Materials Science
Abstract: The physical and chemical properties of crystalline solids are fundamentally dictated by deviations from structural perfection, known as crystal defects. From the point-scale vacancies that drive diffusion to the planar boundaries that determine mechanical strength, defects serve as the primary "tuning knobs" in material design. This review provides a comprehensive examination of point, line, and planar defects, exploring their formation energetics and their role in plastic deformation via crystallographic slip. …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 15–19 Read article
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Nyaya-AI ChatBot: AI-Powered Legal Assistance for India
Abstract: In today's fast-paced world, the rise in lifestyle related issues has led to a significant increase in case filings across various sectors, including health, finance, and legal matters. Modern lifestyles, characterized by poor dietary habits, sedentary behavior, and high stress levels, contribute to a myriad of health problems and legal disputes. A chatbot designed to provide legal advice in India could be a valuable resource for individuals unfamiliar with the …
Published in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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A Deep Survey on Techniques Used to Recognize Locust Based on CNN
Abstract: The major threat in agriculture is insect pests and crop disease. Outbreaks and upsurges of insects can cause huge loss to crop production. Locusts are crop devouring pests found in many parts of the world. Recognition of locusts in early stage helps to prevent the spread of locusts by taking appropriate counter-measures and biological control methods. Initially, locusts were classified and recognized manually which is time consuming and requires taxonomic …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Application-based Effective Curriculum Design and Development for Employability
Abstract: Employability is becoming a major objective of education today. Every institution is striving to make their students employable. This paper mainly focuses on the theme of outcome-based education’s “effective curriculum design and development” and its present significance. We propose to have a fine blend of Fundamentals and factors in the curriculum design. Considering these factors of the novel approach, a model employability curriculum has been proposed and compared. A case …
Published in Journal of Software Engineering Tools & Technology Trends · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 11–17 Read article