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214 articles for “interferences”
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Investigations on the impact of modulation formats and weather conditions in FSO link employing polarization division multiplexing and coherent detection-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
Abstract: Free space optics (FSO) is a communication system where free space acts as medium between transceivers and they should be in line-of-sight for successful transmission of optical signal. Medium can be air, outer space, or vacuum. This system can be used for communication purpose in hours and in lesser economy. There are many advantages of FSO like high bandwidth and no spectrum license. The transmission in FSO is dependent on …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 17–25 Read article
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Reasoning of Detonation Levels of Dehradun City with its Annulling Effects and Cover Issues
Abstract: AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to appraise the augmentation in noise level in the Dehradun city and its annulling effects on human health and on other species. The study manifests that the noise level has reached a formidable level. According to the survey of the city, the major noise pollution is caused by the automobiles and loudspeakers. The outcome of the study is that noise level evokes many …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 29–33 Read article
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Reduction of Ocular Artifacts in Single Channel EEG by EEMD-IMF Thresholding
Abstract: AbstractElectroencephalogram (EEG) is a widely used signal for analyzing the activities of the brain and usually contaminated with artifacts due to the movements of eye, heart, muscles and power line interference. Among these ocular activities creates significant artifacts and makes the analysis difficult. In this paper, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) inspired by wavelet thresholding is used for the correction of ocular artifacts (OA) in EEG signals. Unlike the conventional …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 17–25 Read article
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Refractive Index Measurement Using Integrated Fiber Optics Triangulation Technique
Abstract: Quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques are of considerable importance for the purpose of detection, identification and measurement in biomedical application. Over the years, several methods have been developed to detect and quantify various biological samples. However each of this method presents certain limitations pertaining to its sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. The recent trend to improve biochemical analysis is to provide a platform, which is more sensitive, accurate, portable, rapid and …
Published in Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 32–37 Read article
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Some Investigations with Ultra High Speed Low Power All Optical digital Logic Gates
Abstract: AbstractThis paper illustrates design for an all-optical optical inverter and universal digital logic NAND gate using NRZ format, realized by MZI structure. Miscellaneous evaluations have been done to examine the designs performance in terms of their generated output waveforms. Simulations have been done for significant design parameters as chirp factor, laser power and bit error rate at different data-rates. Optical Logical gate outputs have been verified. It showed good design …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 17–30 Read article
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Performance Study for Optical Half Subtractor Based on SOA
Abstract: AbstractThis article explores for an optical binary half subtractor design which is based on the semiconductor optical amplifiers nonlinear characteristics. For that, the difference output operation of data’s has been realized in the one branch with semiconductor optical amplifier realizing XOR operation and for borrow operation the AND logic operation of the data B with complaint of data A is realized in the other semiconductor optical amplifier branch. Accordingly the …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 50–57 Read article
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Implementation of All-Optical Logic Gate using SOA-MZI Structures
Abstract: AbstractSemiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are very attractive nonlinear elements for the realization of different logic functions, since they can exhibit a strong change of the refractive index together with high gain. In this paper, a principle of operation, simulation step and experimental result of different all-optical logic gate (AND Gate, OR Gate, XOR Gate) are well presented. These gates are based on the nonlinearities on SOAs. The experimental results are …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2013 · pp. 13–21 Read article
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A Comparative Analysis of Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) with other communication Mode
Abstract: Li-Fi stands for Light Fidelity. The development is relatively new, and scientists. The portable optical networking system known as Li-Fi uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) to transport data. The term Li-Fi describes the usage of visible light interactions, or VLC, technological advances, which functions much like Wi-Fi in that it makes use of light as an interface to deliver high-speed communication. The focus of this essay is Li-Fi, including its …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 24–30 Read article
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Data Transmission Through Li-fi Technology by Using Nano Arduino
Abstract: The need for wireless technology that employs Radio Frequency (RF) is increasing dramatically in today's world. These resources will soon become overloaded because of the RF spectrum's constrained bandwidth. Using the visible light spectrum is one way to address the radio frequency spectrum issue. A research area called Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi) makes advantage of the Visible Light Communication visible light band (VLC). This article describes the VLC investigation, the design process, …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Phase Noise Reduction in WLAN by Applying Wavelet Packet Multiplexing
Abstract: The IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless Local Area Networks (LANs) commercialized as Wi-Fi are deployed in office and home environments. These systems provide data rates up to 1300 Mbps at 5 GHz and 400 Mbps at 2.4 GHz with physical layer based on OFDM and MIMOOFDM. Traditionally, multiplexing in OFDM is realized using static orthogonal waveforms derived from Fourier transforms. The decoding of the data at receiver is based on …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 8–15 Read article
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Optimize Throughput by Estimating Optimal Packet Length for Wireless Sensor Node
Abstract: AbstractA Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is employed for monitoring and control of distributed sensing points with the use of Sensor Nodes (SN). The sensor nodes form a wireless network to disseminate the sensed data over to the base station for its processing and analysis. For a wireless network, effective and efficient communication of data from the sensor node to base station plays a vital role in estimating the life of …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 37–45 Read article
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A New Effective MUSIC Algorithm for Direction of Arrival Estimation and Combining It with Beam Forming in Smart Antenna Systems
Abstract: ABSTRACT Smart antenna is now commonly used in communication systems due to its high advantages. Two important functions in smart antenna are direction of arrival estimation and beam forming. The main aim of direction of arrival estimation in smart antenna is to estimate the direction of the signal and based on this angle the beam forming will identify the exact position and phase angle of the antenna. Here we proposed …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Comparison of Ultra Wide Band Indoor Multipath IEEE 802.15.3 Channel Model
Abstract: ABSTRACT A very large bandwidth of frequency (3.1–10.6 GHz) has been allocated to UWB systems. A single-band UWB signal propagates differently in the lower and upper bands of the spectrum due to the size of its bandwidth. The lower part of the signal can be obstructed more easily and the man-made interferences are not homogeneously distributed over the whole spectrum. The first experimental results obtained for a UWB channel show …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 20–25 Read article
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Optimized Companding Technique using Firefly Algorithm for PAPR Reduction in OFDM System
Abstract: AbstractThe current trends in wireless industry are based on multi-carrier transmission technique such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) which provides high data rates and is highly immune to frequency selective fading. However, OFDM is handicapped with a major problem of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which gives rise to non-linear distortion, inter-symbol interference and out-of-band radiation. Several PAPR reduction techniques have been devised over the last few decades in …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 8–14 Read article
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A CPW Feed Compact UWB Antenna with Five Band Notches
Abstract: AbstractA novel small CPW feed UWB antenna with five notch bands is projected to suppress the potential interferences in ultra-wideband systems. This projected antenna has a small dimension of 30x32x1.6 mm3 and an operating bandwidth (VSWR<2) from 2.8 to 11.6 GHz. By introducing five U-shaped slots, five notches are achieved in WiMAX (3.1–4 GHz), WLAN (5–5.4 GHz and 5.7–5.9 GHz), X-band downlink (7.2–7.75 GHz), and ITU service band (8–8.4 GHz). …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 27–33 Read article
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Crop Health Monitoring and Weed Detection Using Drone Technology
Abstract: In an agriculture-based economy like ours, farmers and their cultivation play a significant role. With the extension of agriculture to wider fields, manual interference to monitor and detect crop health is becoming more difficult. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become well-known and affordable technology for a variety of precision farm uses in recent years. Combining the capabilities of drone technology and machine learning/deep learning algorithms, we can monitor crop health …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Sleep Disturbance Among Medical and Paramedical Students at Selected Colleges in Madurai
Abstract: Sleep disturbance makes it difficult for most people to fall asleep. Sleep disruption leads to sleep disturbance. Furthermore, many people are unaware of the causes of sleep disturbances. The prevalence of sleep problems varies, but it is estimated that 22 % to 65 % of the population suffer from sleep disturbance. The purpose of this study is to estimate the amount of sleep disturbance among medical and paramedical students at …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Report of Two Bruxism Cases
Abstract: Bruxism is the technical term for teeth grinding and clenching that causes facial pain. Sleep bruxism is also known as nocturnal tooth grinding. Bruxism is triggered by people with certain types of personalities. Though the precise cause of bruxism is unknown, it is thought that certain medical conditions can trigger this activity, including digestive ailments and anxiety. The local reasons may be occlusal interference, high restorations or any irritating dental …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 17–20 Read article
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Management of Compound Odontome: A Case Report
Abstract: Odontomes are developmental anomalies of the dental tissues and may interfere with the eruption of the associated tooth. Since, these lesions are asymptomatic; they are usually detected in routine radiographic investigations. They can be thought of as “tooth hamartomas” with the lesion consisting of various tooth components. Early diagnosis, prompt clinical decision making followed by a proper treatment at the right time, results in a favourable prognosis. The present report …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 13–16 Read article
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Papillary Thyroidcarcinoma in Rats After Administration of Platinum Compounds Daily
Abstract: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) predominantly grows in a solid growth pattern with papillary projections, composed of oncocytic cells with “Orphan annie eyes” nuclei. Cisplatin or Cis-Diammine dichloroplatinum (ii) (Cl2H6N2Pt); is a divalent, inorganic and water-soluble first successful platinum containing anticancer drug, used to treat various forms of cancers. The Carboplatin (C6H14N2O4Pt) and Oxaliplatin (C8H14N2O4Pt) are the investigational chemotherapy medicines, belonging to platinum analogue interfere as the Cisplatin with the genetic …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 27–31 Read article