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60 articles for “gas molecules”
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A Study of Drilling Challenges in Gas Hydrate Formation
Abstract: Gas hydrate is a solid, ice-like form of water, which contains gas molecules in its molecular spaces. Since mostly these hydrates are originated from under sea reservoirs. Due this gas hydrate drilling field undergoes many issues to produce natural gas and oil in worldwide. There are many researches going on many countries to overcome the challenges due to gas hydrates. In this paper we will discuss about the drilling issues …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Performance of Equation-of-State for Hydrocarbon Dew Point Control in Gas Flow-line in a Nigerian Field
Abstract: Associated gas in a flow-line in a Nigerian field was suspected to be accountable for unaccounted-for gas in the flow-station. Gas molecular compositions of Low Pressure suction gas and Injection Discharge gas for operating conditions of pressure and temperature from the field were analysed by the use of Soave-Redlich Kwong and Peng-Robinson Equations of State with PVTp thermodynamic software. The phase envelope predicted the Hydrocarbon dew point(s) observable from the …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 7–13 Read article
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Enhanced Room-Temperature Gas Sensing Performance of 2% Mn-Doped Sri Lankan Natural Graphite Thin-Film Sensors for Ammonia, Acetone, and Ethanol vapors Detection
Abstract: The development of room-temperature gas sensors with high sensitivity, fast response, and low-cost remains a critical challenge for environmental monitoring and safety applications. In this work, we report the fabrication and characterization of a 2% Mn-doped Sri Lankan natural graphite thin-film sensor for the detection of ammonia (NH3), ethanol (C2H5OH), and acetone (C3H6O) vapors under ambient conditions. The sensor was prepared using the doctor-blade coating method on Indium Tin Oxide …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 39–49 Read article
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Structural, Optical, Surface, and Gas-Sensing Properties of rGO/Sn1–xZnxO₂ Nanocomposites
Abstract: rGO/Sn₁–ₓZnₓO₂ nanocomposites with x = 0.00–0.75 were synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion followed by wet impregnation with reduced graphene oxide. The adopted synthesis route enabled homogeneous Zn incorporation into the SnO₂ matrix and uniform distribution of rGO, leading to improved structural integrity and interfacial contact between the two components. XRD confirmed a dominant tetragonal cassiterite SnO₂ structure, while FTIR, FESEM, EDS, UV–visible, and BET analyses verified oxide–rGO coupling, Zn-dependent structural modification, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 429–452 Read article
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Application and Limitation of Metal Thermochemical Processing
Abstract: The technically intriguing and monetarily feasible technique for enhancing the surface layer of materials is surface engineering. The aim is to establish a vast scope of useable attributes that are separate from the core substrate, together with physical, chemical, electrical, electronic, magnetic, or mechanical, even though the material surface monitors the operational life throughout many implementations. The thermochemical intervention, a type of surface engineering, uses heat diffusion to incorporate non-metal …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 25–29 Read article
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A New Developed Photoelectrochemical Cell for Hydrogen Generation
Abstract: There are many methods for the industrial production of hydrogen, including: steam reforming of methane and natural gas; coal gasification; biotechnology; electrolysis of water, etc. The most effective method of obtaining of pure hydrogen is the use of photoelectrochemical cell. Photoelectrochemical cells produces hydrogen directly from solar energy. In a photoelectrochemical cell, a silicon semiconductor with an anode attached to it, immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution and excited by …
Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 01–10 Read article
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Molecular Investigation of CO2 Solubility and Diffusion in Crude Oil
Abstract: It is important to know solubility and molecular diffusion coefficients of gas under reservoir CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery. In this paper, a set complete device has been established to measure solubility and molecular diffusion coefficients of gas to improve the empirical formula and chart. Based on the experiment, molecular diffusion coefficients and solubility is evaluated, which provides the fundamental data to CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery. The solubility vs. pressure linear …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 28–35 Read article
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Hydrogen and oxygen generation by Photoelectrolysis and Special Constructed Photoelectrolyzer Powered by Light Energy for Hydrogen Electric Vehicle Charging
Abstract: Today, pure hydrogen is produced by various industrial methods, including: steam reforming of methane and natural gas; coal gasification; biotechnology; electrolysis of water, etc. The most effective method for obtaining pure hydrogen is the use of photoelectrolysis of an aqueous solution of an electrolyte, flowing in a photoelectrochemical cell. In this method, the hydrogen in the photoelectrochemical cell is produced directly from solar energy. In a photoelectrochemical cell, a silicon …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 38–46 Read article
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Study the Impact of Corrosive Pollutants on Building Materials Corrosion
Abstract: Reinforced concrete structures (RCS) may be made more resistant to corrosion by using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). One of the primary concerns with reinforced concrete constructions is corrosion. It causes disintegration in building material components by interactions with salts, acids, and alkalis. Both within and outside of reinforced properties, pollutants and effluents accelerate disbanding. When bio-waste and building materials come into contact, microorganisms and macro organisms, grow and emit acid …
Published in International Journal of Fracture Mechanics and Damage Science · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 20–29 Read article
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Host-Microbiota Crosstalk in the Rumen: Signaling Pathways for Nutrient Metabolism and Disease Resilience in Dairy Cows
Abstract: The rumen serves as a highly intricate microbial ecosystem, fundamentally responsible for the degradation of fibrous plant materials in ruminant. The intricate host-microbiota crosstalk within the rumen significantly influences nutrient metabolism, growth, and health outcomes in livestock. The interaction between the host and its microbial community, mediated through signaling pathways including the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and various metabolites, is crucial for enhancing nutrient absorption, fermentation …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 29–41 Read article
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Sustainable Carbon Materials for Catalysis, Energy Conversion, and Environmental Remediation
Abstract: Among the most ancient and adaptable materials used by humans, carbon finds use in a wide range of industries, including electronics, energy production, medicine, water purification, air filtration, and catalysis. Among them, activated carbon's highly developed microporous structure, remarkably large specific surface area, and adjustable surface functions have drawn a great deal of attention from both science and industry. Activated carbon materials have been widely used as molecular sieves, adsorbents …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 47–52 Read article
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Innovative Polymer Membranes for Enhanced Gas Separation: Applications in Energy and Environmental Technologies
Abstract: Energy and environmental technology could benefit greatly from novel gas-separation membranes, especially those based on new polymers. This includes the design and characterization of new polymer membranes with enhanced selectivity and permeability for critical industrial gas separations like CO₂/CH₄ as well as CO₂/H₂. Using molecular design strategies, the membranes are addressed toward properties relevant for gas transport, which are important for applications that include carbon capture, natural gas purification, and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 5, 2025 Read article
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Oil Cuts Evaluation Obtained by Molecular Distillation from Heavy Petroleum Fractions in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process
Abstract: Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is a refining process that cracks heavy oil molecules in light fractions, mainly compounds with 3 to 12 carbon atoms. It is composed by a converter, main fractionator and gas plant. In this work FCC was modeled using Aspen HYSYS Cat cracker process simulator aiming to evaluate the true boiling point (TBP) curves of oil cuts obtained by falling film molecular distillation from a Brazilian atmospheric …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 15–34 Read article
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Molecular Characterization of Circulating Rota Viral Strain causing infantile diarrhoea in Tripura, North East India
Abstract: Introduction: North Eastern India is geographically distinct from rest of India and the trend of Rota viral diarrhoea among children below 5 years of age group is not well studied yet. The Government of India introduced the oral rotavirus vaccine (ROTAVAC) in 2016 as part of the Universal Immunization Programme in different parts of India. Objective: (1). To determine the proportion of circulating Rotavirus strains causing acute viral gastroenteritis (AGE) …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 6–13 Read article
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Enzymes used in Alcohol Fermentation
Abstract: Fermentation is the process that uses enzymes to cause chemical reactions in biomass feedstocks. In biochemistry, it is defined as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. The science of fermentation is known as zymology. Cellular respiration is the process in which a carbohydrate, like starch or sugar, is converted into an alcohol or an enzyme by an organism. Fermentation is a process in which yeast …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 15–21 Read article
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Molecular Characterization of Circulating Rota Viral Strain causing infantile diarrhoea in Tripura, North East India
Abstract: Introduction: North Eastern India is geographically distinct from rest of India and the trend of Rota viral diarrhoea among children below 5 years of age group is not well studied yet. The Government of India introduced the oral rotavirus vaccine (ROTAVAC) in 2016 as part of the Universal Immunization Programme in different parts of India. Objective: (1). To determine the proportion of circulating Rotavirus strains causing acute viral gastroenteritis (AGE) …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 6–13 Read article
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In Silico Analysis and Molecular Docking Studies of COX-2 Inhibitors for Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Abstract: Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used to treat pain, lower fevers, and control inflammation, they frequently cause gastrointestinal side effects because they inhibit the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Despite their effectiveness and lack of gastrointestinal side effects, selective COX-2 inhibitors have been linked to cardiovascular risks. To find new COX-2 inhibitors that are safer and more effective, this study uses in silico techniques, such as molecular docking and …
Published in International Journal of Molecular Biotechnological Research · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 38–55 Read article
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Surface Engineering of Materials: A Review Based on Applications
Abstract: Surface characteristics of material play an important role for various applications. Like, there are many applications of the polymeric membranes in the fields of biomedical, filtration, food processing from the past few decades. But various problems have been faced in their applications due to bacterial and non-bacterial contamination on the surfaces. Many researchers have investigated the surface chemistry and roughness of the membranes to identify their properties and the difficulties …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 45–56 Read article
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A Review of Toxicity, Genotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Formaldehyde
Abstract: Formaldehyde (FA) is important chemical found outdoor and indoor source, it is commonly used in the production of industrial, laboratories and household fule. Most FA exposure occurs by inhalation or by skin or eye contact. It is rapidly absorbed by lungs, gastrointestinal tract and skin. FA easily reacts with amino group in molecular compounds such as proteins and nucleic acid; these reactions caused alterations in tissues and leading to toxicity …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 9–18 Read article
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Methane Recovery From Gas Hydrate By Cool Frack Method
Abstract: Methane in Gas hydrates are the most believed energy source for the future. These are solid crystalline ice with hydrogen bonded water molecules, which traps the guest molecules such as methane, propane, H2S, etc., in its cages. It commonly found in permafrost and deep oceanic sediments and occur in oil and gas pipelines. The extraction of methane from gas hydrates without any geo-hazard and economic efficient is what still a …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 32–39 Read article