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Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research

Analysis of Total Hardness of Municipality Water of Amritsar City, Punjab

  1. S. Ravichandran
  2. Shreya Sanjeev Kumar
  3. Smita Sahu
  4. Pooja Khatravath

Abstract

The lather not produced while using soap which indicates hardness of water. Our life is sustenance with water which is one of the most primary needs for life. Water is mostly used for drinking, bathing, sanitary, washing, irrigation and agriculture. However water having high amount of hardness is considered to be the major threat to human health. The literature survey reports that 2.6 % water resources as fresh in the world. The available fresh water also hard due to contamination and pollution. The hardness of water is due to the presence of bicarbonates, chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium. It is being noticed that 1.8 billion people do not have clean water for drinking. The demand of water increases due to over population. Because of various undesirable human activities, water resources are damaged and polluted. The hardness of water is very significant for fish culture. Hard water contains bivalent of calcium and magnesium pose serious corrosion and adverse problems in boiler industries for power generation. Hard water formation is indicated by lack of foam formation when soap is used in water and formation of lime scale in kettles and water heaters. In this paper, we are reporting total hardness of municipality water sample collected from Amritsar city and tested by using EDTA titration method.

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