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International Journal of Crystalline Materials Review Article

Zn Doped CuO Nanoparticles for Increasing the Longevity of The Agricultural Products †

  1. Vatsal Jhaveri Department of Chemical engineering, GSFC University
  2. Indra Neel Pulidindi JSCIAR
  3. Suresh Selvaraj Department of Science and Humanities, ACE Engineering College, Ghatkesar, Secunderabad
  4. Prakash Vaithyanathan Innovator 50, L.B road

Abstract

Nanotechnology is an enabling technology at the service of mankind. Indeed, enhancing the long-term storage of agricultural products (post-harvest during transportation and storage) in general and apples and tomatoes, in particular, is a challenge. Zn-doped CuO is a proven nanomaterial with special ability to kill plant pathogens as well as a variety of microorganisms (bacteria, virus, and fungus). Much of the review is focused on the landmark papers published by Professor Aharon Gedanken and his co-workers on the sonochemical synthesis of Zn-doped CuO and its application for killing a variety of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant (EDR) bacteria. Moreover, Professor Gedanken’s papers contained a wealth of information on the mechanism of killing of the bacteria by the potential antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal material, namely, Zn-doped CuO (Cu₀.₈₈Zn₀.₁₂O). Classical analytical techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were judiciously used to drive the point home that the sonochemical method is a potential technique to obtain smaller crystallites of Cu₀.₈₈Zn₀.₁₂O and with high purity, provided an appropriate mole ratio of the Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ precursors (3:1) is chosen. Anything other than this ratio would lead to the presence of the individual phase of ZnO apart from the desired phase of Zn-doped CuO. At this special mole ratio (3:1), as high as 12% (we repeat), no more than 12% of the Cu²⁺ can be replaced by Zn²⁺ in the monoclinic crystal lattice of the CuO. DSC analysis revealed the presence of oxygen vacancies in the crystal lattice of Cu₀.₈₈Zn₀.₁₂O as one of the factors contributing to the generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), with others being the co-existence of the amorphous phase of zinc-doped CuO and crystalline phase of Zn-doped CuO.

Keywords

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