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12 articles for “surface antigen”
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A Comparison of Rapid Card Test with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen [HBsAg] in Tertiary Care Hospital
Abstract: Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The most important marker for HBV infection is HBsAg. In case of diagnosis of infectious disease, discordant results may have serious consequences among the patients as it causes unnecessary mental stress and tension. For proper diagnosis of infection as well as disease management and prevention, identification of appropriate test kit is necessary. Aims and Objective: …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 27–31 Read article
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HBsAg Prevalence and Determinant Risk Factors among Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clients Visiting Gondar Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia
Abstract: Globally, an astounding number of people are infected with HBV, HCV and HIV. Due to shared routes of transmission, HBV and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection is common and is an emerging concern in the clinical management of patients because of increased mortality, accelerated hepatic disease progression, and the frequent hepatotoxicity caused by hepatitis B virus. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of HBsAg …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 15–20 Read article
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Edible Transgenic Plant Vaccines – An Overview and Update
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE Plants are used as bioreactors to express antigenic molecules to be administered as vaccines. Edible transgenic plant vaccines (ETPV) are plant materials (recombinant protein subunit vaccines), and the edible plant tissue functions as an oral vaccine. ETPV are mucosal targeted vaccines where stimulation of both systematic and mucosal immune network takes place and these diminish the utilization of conventional animal or bacterial …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2011 Read article
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Improvement of Motor and Sensory–Motor Behaviors after the Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Transplantation in 6-OHDA Lesioned Corpus Striatum of Wistar Albino Rats
Abstract: Deficits in apomorphine-induced rotation and rotarod in rat have been proposed as a nondrug-induced model of the akinesia associated with the Parkinson’s disease. In the present study, we examined the disabilities in the rotarod and apomorphine-induced rotations have been observed after the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced denervation in the striatum. These impaired activities have reversed after the Human Amniotic Epithelial (HAE) cells transplantation during long-term observation. The neuronal densities and diameter were reduced …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 34–45 Read article
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Helicobacter pylori Sialic Acid-Specific Surface Lectin Associated with Pathogenecity Island cag PAI
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Helicobacter pylori bacterium causing gastritis, duodenitis, non-ulcer dyspepsia, adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma and now-a-days causing hepatocellular carcinoma and cholengiocarcinoma has been studied for its surface antigens. There are many virulence factors which have been studied since many years. Cag-PAI is the site for virulence and causes mixed infections. Sialic acid is a type of glycan which is a surface lectin associated with adherence to cell …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 10–17 Read article
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Efficacy of Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Relation to ELISA in Hepatitis B and C Infection
Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis C antibodies in circulation are the common markers used for diagnosis of Hepatitis B and C infection. Though ELISA is the gold standard for detection of these markers, rapid diagnostic tests like immunochromatography is used in most of the centers for quick screening of cases. This study is undertaken to compare the result of both methods. Method: Both ICT and ELISA test were …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 8–13 Read article
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Observation of Liver Function Tests in Children with Acute Hepatitis
Abstract: Introduction: Hepatitis B is an infectious illness caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) which infects the liver of hominoidea, including humans, and diagnosed by liver function tests (LFTs) and serologic tests. Aims: The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus and observation of the LFTs for early diagnosis and severity of acute hepatitis. Material and Methods: The study was carried out …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 42–45 Read article
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Exploring Carbon Nanotubes in Nanotechnology: Functional Properties, Surface Modifications, and Biomedical Innovations
Abstract: Significant progress has been made in nanotechnology in recent years, especially in the creation of sensors with a broad range of uses. Among these, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical structures composed of carbon, with diameters in the nanometer range. CNTs originate from graphite sheets, where the graphite layers resemble a rolled-up, continuous, and robust hexagonal mesh. These hexagons have carbon atoms at their vertices. The fabrication of CNTs typically involves …
Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 24–31 Read article
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Mucosal Vaccines in Fish: Novel Advances in Technology and Delivery: A Review
Abstract: Vaccines rely on the acquired immune system and prime an animal to a particular antigen so that on subsequent encounter; it is recognized and quickly destroyed. The vast majority of pathogens enter the body via the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts, where they initiate mucosal infections that lead to systemic infections. There is strong evidence that an optimum mucosal immune response can prevent systemic infection and …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 14–26 Read article
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Nano-Materials in Vaccine Formation and Chemical Formulae’s for Vaccination
Abstract: For centuries, vaccines have been a cornerstone of public health, preventing debilitating and deadly diseases. However, the development and delivery of effective vaccines have always been met with challenges. From stability issues and limited immune response to the need for specific targeting, scientists are constantly seeking innovative approaches to improve vaccine efficacy and accessibility. Enter nanomaterials – minuscule materials with dimensions at the nanoscale – offering a powerful toolkit to …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 27–39 Read article
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Nano-Chemical Revolution in Vaccinology: A Study
Abstract: The development of traditional vaccines, reliant on attenuated pathogens or purified proteins, has historically been limited by slow development timelines, poor stability, and low immunogenicity requiring potent, often non-specific, adjuvants. This synthesis argues that the convergence of nano-material science and meticulous chemical engineering represents the next major paradigm shift in preventative medicine. Nano-materials, particularly Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) and various polymeric or inorganic scaffolds, have transitioned from theoretical constructs to essential …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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A Research Study and Report on Impact of Clinical Pharmacy on Vaccine Safety, Vaccine Vigilance, ADR Assesment and Reporting Among Pediatrics During Active Immunization Schedules at ESI Hospital
Abstract: Vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a given vaccine-preventable disease (VPD). A vaccine typically contains a disease-causing microorganism, or portion of it, and is often made from either live-attenuated or inactivated (killed) forms of the microbe, its toxin or one of its surface proteins. Vaccines may be monovalent or polyvalent (multivalent).. The main Aim of the study is to explore the knowledge, attitudes and concerns with respect …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 35–45 Read article